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    In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for detecting cutaneous metastasis in breast cancer
    (Mattioli 1885, 2025) Duman, Nilay; Yaman, Banu; Oraloğlu, Göktürk; Kararaslan, Işıl
    A 45-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDBC) presented with an asymptomatic erythematous nodule on the right mastectomy scar. Dermos copy revealed erythematous peripheral border, polymor phous and atypical vessels, focal scaling, and multiple white structureless areas appearing as white clods and strands. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed a normal epidermis with a preserved honeycombed pattern, with der mal tumoral clusters of varying sizes consisting of highly polymorphous hyporeflective cells with different sizes and shapes.
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    Staphylococcus aureus as a signature species of skin microbiome in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma: A narrative review
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2025) Duman, Nilay; Oraloğlu, Göktürk; Ece, Deniz; Caner, Ayşe
    Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of skin cancer and the second most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Actinic keratosis (AK) is a premalignant lesion that can progress to cSCC over time. AK and cSCC are associated with microbial dysbiosis and an increased abundance of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Although AK and cSCC are highly colonized with S. aureus, a bacterium of the skin microbiota, it is not yet known whether this bacterium is associated with cancer development. Here, we analyze the studies on the relationship between S. aureus and keratinocytic skin neoplasia, evaluating the contribution of S. aureus to the development and prognosis of cSCC and AK lesions. The overabundance of S. aureus and the compounds secreted by this bacterium can induce cancer‑promoting changes in skin cells. The presence of high amounts of certain S. aureus strains in premalignant skin lesions may constitute a protumorigenic stimulus by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage and downregulating DNA repair mechanisms. S. aureus associated with AK and cSCC can trigger keratinocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines typically upregulated in cSCC. These circumstances also suggest a potential specific involvement of S. aureus in the progression from AK to cSCC.