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    Anatomy based computer assisted evaluation for aesthetic new navel formation
    (Springer Nature Link, 2025) Gövsa, Figen; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Biçer, Ahmet; Gökmen, Gökhan
    Background This study aimed to determine the typical position and shape of the umbilicus among young individuals to guide the repositioning of the new umbilicus during abdominoplasty. Methods Standardized photographs of 63 young volunteers were analyzed to evaluate parameters such as the vertical and horizontal positions, length, ratio, and shape of the umbilicus. The study also established the mathematical relationships between the umbilicus and nearby anatomical structures like the xiphoid process, pubic symphysis, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crests, and body mass index (BMI) to identify the ideal geometric shapes and positions. In two patients with abdominal skin sagging, abdominoplasty was performed with a new umbilicus designed according to these anatomical measurements. Results The umbilici were categorized by shape: vertical oval with superior hooding (29%), round (27%), vertical lozenge (21%), and protruded (11%). Ratios between anatomical points were measured, such as the ratio of the distance between the xiphoid process and the upper edge of the umbilicus to the distance between the lower edge of the umbilicus and the sym physis pubis, which was 1.64±0.40. Post-operative evaluation emphasized achieving a xiphoid-umbilicus/pubic symphysis ratio of 1.6:1 for the new umbilicus, with an aesthetically ideal ratio considered to be 1:1. A strong correlation was found between BMI and all umbilical ratios. Conclusions The most aesthetically pleasing navel position aligns with the golden ratio between xiphoid and umbilicus compared to the umbilicus and abdominal crease. Weight control is also crucial in achieving optimal belly aesthetics.
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    Evaluation of errors encountered in photogrammetric studies on lower extremities
    (Pera Yayıncılık, 2023) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Yılar, Kader; Gövsa, Figen; Pınar, Yelda; Gayretli, Özcan
    Objective: The aim of our study is to reveal the errors that can be encountered during the shooting of photogrammetric studies on the lower extremities. Methods: We revealed the necessary tools that used during photogrammetry measurements of the lower limb. Also, the errors have been encountered of our two previous studies performed on photogrammetry of lower limbs. The technical errors or incorrect positioning of 20 from 220 volunteers were encountered. Results: The identified errors of 20 volunteers’ photographs related to lower limb were about the inadequate quality image, calibration, poor lightining, positioning error of trunk or parts of lower limb and clothes that cover the anatomical points affected the measurements. Conclusion: Photogrammetry is an important and useful tool for evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and efficacy monitoring. In anatomy, it is frequently used as a time-saving method in terms of measurement and evaluation in the laboratory, which can be applied and repeated for research. For this reason, errors that occur during the lower extremity have been reported and we think that it will be useful for studies on this part of the body and can be a guide.