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    Anatomical evaluation of P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery and posterior communicanting artery in 340 human hemispheres: a proposal for morphological classification
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Nas, Emine; Chatzioglou, Gkionoul Nteli; Gayretli, Özcan
    Purpose: The aim of our study is to examine the morphometry of the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (P1) and the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) and to present a descriptive classification according to morphometric findings. Methods: 340 hemispheres from 170 cadavers were included. The outer diameters of P1 and PcomA were measured with ImageJ software. Then, the configurations of the posterior cerebral artery were revealed as fetal, adult and transitional. The findings were correlated with the demographic information of the cadavers such as gender, body mass index (BMI), age. Results: According to the morphometric findings, 83.75%, 13.85% and 2.40% of the posterior cerebral arteries were found to be adult, fetal and transitional, respectively. The fetal type was more common in cadavers aged 60 years and older (13.73%) compared to the 18-39 and 40-59 age groups. In addition, P1 and PcomA diameters also increased with age. Fetal and transtional types showed a similar low distribution in people with low (< 18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9) and obese (> 30) BMI, whereas adult type was found in cadavers with a normal BMI of 140/303. Conclusion: We believe that the findings of our study will contribute to the planning of neurointerventional procedures, the development of endovascular devices, the success of invasive procedures and the reduction of complications.
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    Anatomical features of posterior cerebral arteries and basilar artery in 170 anatolian fresh cadavers: Implications for surgical planning and intervention
    (Elsevier, 2024) Nas, Emine; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Şahan, Orhun; Kale, Ayşin; Dolaş, İlyas; Çakır, Halit; Coşkun, Osman; Gayretli, Özcan
    Background The posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) are terminal branches of basilar artery (BA) and are responsible for the primary supply of the occipital lobe. Saccular aneurysm is most commonly seen close to the bifurcation of the BA.Various surgical interventions are performed for aneurysms.Therefore, the anatomy and localization of the BA and PCA are crucial.The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of these arteries in a large Anatolian population. Methods A total of 170 fresh cadavers from Department of Morgue, the Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey were included in the study.The diameters of the BA and PCA were measured. Correlations according to gender and age groups were analyzed. The Q1, Q2 and Q3 angles between the right and left PCA, between the right PCA and BA and between the left PCA and BA, respectively, were measured.The location of the PCA relative to the SP was also evaluated. Results It was noted that the diameter of the artery increased with age and was higher in males than in females.Q1 and Q2 diameters were higher in males while Q3 angle was higher in females.The Q1 angle between the right and left PCAs was found to be higher in 40-59 years old with a mean of 87.33±17.91mm.Finally, the bifurcation point of the PCA was most frequently located above the SP and least frequently located on SP. Conclusion We believe that the findings of our study will contribute to the planning of surgical approaches, the development of endovascular devices, the success of invasive procedures and the reduction of complications.
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    The medical lineage of the Monro family: the clinical contributions of Alexander Monro secundus
    (Springer, 2024) Nas, Emine; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, Özcan
    The Monro family has served 126 years as chair of anatomy at Edinburgh University for three generations [1]. Alexander Monro secundus (Fig. 1a), together with his father and son (Alexander Monro primus (Fig. 1b), Alexander Monro tertius (Fig. 1c)), has made Edinburgh University an internationally important center for medical learning [2].