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Yayın Anatomical evaluation of P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery and posterior communicanting artery in 340 human hemispheres: a proposal for morphological classification(Springer Nature, 2024) Nas, Emine; Chatzioglou, Gkionoul Nteli; Gayretli, ÖzcanPurpose: The aim of our study is to examine the morphometry of the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (P1) and the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) and to present a descriptive classification according to morphometric findings. Methods: 340 hemispheres from 170 cadavers were included. The outer diameters of P1 and PcomA were measured with ImageJ software. Then, the configurations of the posterior cerebral artery were revealed as fetal, adult and transitional. The findings were correlated with the demographic information of the cadavers such as gender, body mass index (BMI), age. Results: According to the morphometric findings, 83.75%, 13.85% and 2.40% of the posterior cerebral arteries were found to be adult, fetal and transitional, respectively. The fetal type was more common in cadavers aged 60 years and older (13.73%) compared to the 18-39 and 40-59 age groups. In addition, P1 and PcomA diameters also increased with age. Fetal and transtional types showed a similar low distribution in people with low (< 18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9) and obese (> 30) BMI, whereas adult type was found in cadavers with a normal BMI of 140/303. Conclusion: We believe that the findings of our study will contribute to the planning of neurointerventional procedures, the development of endovascular devices, the success of invasive procedures and the reduction of complications.Yayın Anatomical features of posterior cerebral arteries and basilar artery in 170 anatolian fresh cadavers: Implications for surgical planning and intervention(Elsevier, 2024) Nas, Emine; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Şahan, Orhun; Kale, Ayşin; Dolaş, İlyas; Çakır, Halit; Coşkun, Osman; Gayretli, ÖzcanBackground The posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) are terminal branches of basilar artery (BA) and are responsible for the primary supply of the occipital lobe. Saccular aneurysm is most commonly seen close to the bifurcation of the BA.Various surgical interventions are performed for aneurysms.Therefore, the anatomy and localization of the BA and PCA are crucial.The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of these arteries in a large Anatolian population. Methods A total of 170 fresh cadavers from Department of Morgue, the Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey were included in the study.The diameters of the BA and PCA were measured. Correlations according to gender and age groups were analyzed. The Q1, Q2 and Q3 angles between the right and left PCA, between the right PCA and BA and between the left PCA and BA, respectively, were measured.The location of the PCA relative to the SP was also evaluated. Results It was noted that the diameter of the artery increased with age and was higher in males than in females.Q1 and Q2 diameters were higher in males while Q3 angle was higher in females.The Q1 angle between the right and left PCAs was found to be higher in 40-59 years old with a mean of 87.33±17.91mm.Finally, the bifurcation point of the PCA was most frequently located above the SP and least frequently located on SP. Conclusion We believe that the findings of our study will contribute to the planning of surgical approaches, the development of endovascular devices, the success of invasive procedures and the reduction of complications.Yayın Distribution of branches of anterior choroidal artery in the uncus: An anatomical study(Springer, 2024) Kaçur, İdil; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Nas, Emine; Şahan, Orhun; Kale, Ayşin; Çakır, Halit; Coşkun, Osman; Gayretli, ÖzcanThe aim of our study was to examine the relationship between uncus and uncal branches of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and to observe the morphological and morphometric features of these branches. 124 hemispheres from 62 fresh cadavers were included in the study. Measurement of the length of AChA and the distances of the uncal branches to the origin of AChA were measured by ImageJ software. Morphological variations of uncal branches originating from AChA were observed. The length of AChA was found as mean 26.24 ± 4.34 mm. It was determined that the average distance of these uncal branches arising from the AChA was 13.48 ± 7.31 mm. In 4 out of 124 AChAs, no branches were observed. 594 branches originating from 120 were detected. 130/594 branches appeared to be terminal branches. AChAs of 80/120 hemispheres have been reported to have uncal branches. Thirty of 130 uncal branches were observed to originate as the first branch of AChA. It was found that uncal branches may originate from AChA with a variability between 1 and 4. When evaluated according to the origin of each branch from the AChA, it was observed that the uncal branches originated from the midpoint of the AChA on average. Also, in 64 hemispheres, morophological variations were detected regarding the origin of uncal branches. We believe that the morphological and morphometric data we obtained from the uncal branches of the AChA are of clinical importance in terms of understanding this complex region and minimizing errors in surgical procedures.Yayın Localization of the zygomaticotemporal foramen on the zygomatic bone and its relationship with other foramina(Harran University, 2024) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Nas, Emine; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, ÖzcanBackground: The zygomaticotemporal foramen (ZTF) is located in the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone. The zygomaticotemporal branch, a zygomatic nerve (V2) branch, passes through it and distributes in the fore head and temporal region. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of ZTF and its connections with other foramina in the zygomatic bone. Materials and Methods: A total of 171 unilateral zygomatic bones in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University were included in our study. The number(s) of ZTF and its relationship with other foramina were determined. The distances between the ZTF and the marginal tubercle and frontozygomatic su ture were measured. Results: A total of 328 ZTFs were found in 171 zygomatic bones. In total, 95 of the 328 ZTFs were found to be connected to other foramina through a canal. The vertical distance between the ZTF and the marginal tubercle as well as the frontozygomatic suture were measured as mean 9.26+2.12mm and 21.78+2.48mm, respectively. The transverse distance from the ZTF and the marginal tubercle was measured as 5.46+1.56mm. Conclusions: he ZTF is an important anatomical component with implications for interventions on the zygomatic bone. The incidence and location of the ZTF may differ between individuals and between one side of the same individual. It has provided plastic surgeons and anaesthetists with detailed anatomical findings for the protec tion of the zygomaticotemporal nerves passing through the relevant foramen and thus at risk of injury.Yayın The medical lineage of the Monro family: the clinical contributions of Alexander Monro secundus(Springer, 2024) Nas, Emine; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, ÖzcanThe Monro family has served 126 years as chair of anatomy at Edinburgh University for three generations [1]. Alexander Monro secundus (Fig. 1a), together with his father and son (Alexander Monro primus (Fig. 1b), Alexander Monro tertius (Fig. 1c)), has made Edinburgh University an internationally important center for medical learning [2].
