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    Cost-of-disease in heart failure in Turkey: a delphi panel based analysis of direct costs
    (Elsevier, 2022) Çavuşoğlu, Yüksel; Altay, Hakan; Aras, Dursun; Çelik, Ahmet; Dinç, Melda; Kılıçaslan, Barış; Nalbantgil, Sanem; Özdemir, Oktay; Özsoy, Ayşegül; Temizhan, Ahmet; Ural, Dilek; Yıldırımtürk, Özlem; Yılmaz, Mehmet Birhan
    Objectives: To determine the indirect cost of heart failure (HF) in Turkey from loss of labor force perspective. Methods: Indirect cost of HF was determined based on epidemiological and loss of work productivity data provided by a Delphi panel consisted of 11 experts in HF. The results are weighted by the distribution of the patients due to NYHA classes and ejection fraction status. Estimates of lost productivity, involving data on loss of labor due to absenteeism –percentage worktime missed due to disease– plus presenteeism –decreased productivity due to disease while at work– was provided using a modified version Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health (WPAI:GH). Indirect costs were calculated based on the average age-and-gender-adjusted wage statistics and lost productivity due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Local costs are collected in Turkish Lira (TL) and converted to Euro (V), based on V/TL currency rate of 9.0073 on 15th March 2021. Results: The overall proportion of patients not currently working was 52%. Overall absenteeism, presenteeism and total work impairment was 15%, 38% and 45%, respectively. The proportion of patients not working, and overall absenteeism, presenteeism and total work impairment showed a steep increase with advancing NYHA classes. Per patient annual loss of labor, caused by nonworking HF patients, was calculated as V1,622. Further losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism were V463 and V1,247, respectively. Total lost productivity, which is V3,332 per patient, increased from V1,290 in NYHA-I class to V2,678, V5,232 and V6,155 in NYHA-II, NYHA-III and NYHA-IV classes, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the substantial economic loss of labor force in HF patients. Advanced NYHA stage seems to be associated with likelihood of cost increments related to indirect expenses. Thus, implementation of measures to delay disease progression could prevent loss of productivity and decrease indirect costs in HF.
  • Küçük Resim
    Yayın
    Indirect costs in heart failure in Turkey: a delphi panel based analysis in relation to nyha classes
    (Elsevier, 2022) Çavuşoğlu, Yüksel; Altay, Hakan; Aras, Dursun; Çelik, Ahmet; Dinç, Melda; Kılıçaslan, Barış; Nalbantgil, Sanem; Özdemir, Oktay; Özsoy, Ayşegül; Temizhan, Ahmet; Ural, Dilek; Yıldırımtürk, Özlem; Yılmaz, Mehmet Birhan
    Methods Indirect cost of HF was determined based on epidemiological and loss of work productivity data provided by a Delphi panel consisted of 11 experts in HF. The results are weighted by the distribution of the patients due to NYHA classes and ejection fraction status. Estimates of lost productivity, involving data on loss of labor due to absenteeism –percentage worktime missed due to disease– plus presenteeism –decreased productivity due to disease while at work– was provided using a modified version Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health (WPAI:GH). Indirect costs were calculated based on the average age-and-gender-adjusted wage statistics and lost productivity due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Local costs are collected in Turkish Lira (TL) and converted to Euro (€), based on €/TL currency rate of 9.0073 on 15th March 2021. Results The overall proportion of patients not currently working was 52%. Overall absenteeism, presenteeism and total work impairment was 15%, 38% and 45%, respectively. The proportion of patients not working, and overall absenteeism, presenteeism and total work impairment showed a steep increase with advancing NYHA classes. Per patient annual loss of labor, caused by nonworking HF patients, was calculated as €1,622. Further losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism were €463 and €1,247, respectively. Total lost productivity, which is €3,332 per patient, increased from €1,290 in NYHA-I class to €2,678, €5,232 and €6,155 in NYHA-II, NYHA-III and NYHA-IV classes, respectively. Conclusions Our findings confirm the substantial economic loss of labor force in HF patients. Advanced NYHA stage seems to be associated with likelihood of cost increments related to indirect expenses. Thus, implementation of measures to delay disease progression could prevent loss of productivity and decrease indirect costs in HF.