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    Spray-assisted drop formation liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of sertraline in environmental water samples with matrix-matching calibration in GC–MS
    (SpringerOpen, 2024) Zeytinci, Nagehan Kübra; Akbıyık, Hilal; Tezgin, Emine; Zaman, Buse Tuğba; Dalgıç Bozyiğit, Gamze; Şaylan, Meltem; Bakırdere, Sezgin
    Sertraline is used as an antidepressant drug for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depres sion. In the current study, a simple and efective method was developed for the sensitive monitoring of sertraline in water samples using a GC–MS system. The spray-assisted droplet formation liquid-phase microextraction (SADF LPME) method was used as a sample preparation method for the enrichment of analytes. Accordingly, dichlo romethane was used as an extraction solvent and easily dispersed into a sample/standard solution using a lab-made modifed spray device without using a dispersing solvent. The signifcant factors afecting the SADF-LPME efciency, including sample pH, mixing conditions, extraction solvent type, and spray cycle, were univariately optimized to ascertain the extraction performance and applicability of the system. Under the optimized conditions, the plotted calibration curve of the method was linear in the range of 100.2–2011.7 µg/kg (mass-based standard preparation) with a good correlation coefcient (R2 ) of 0.9997. The detection and quantifcation limits of method were found to be 37.5 and 125 µg/kg, respectively. Validation of the method was successfully carried out using diferent tap water samples and applying a matrix-matching calibration strategy. The acceptable percent recoveries were recorded between 77.3 and 133.7%, with high repeatability. The recommended method is an alternative and fast extraction method with several advantages, including a simple experimental process, good dispersibility, and fast and superior extraction performance. It can be readily applicable to the monitoring and quantifcation of sertraline in tap water samples with good precision and accuracy.