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Influence of microstructure changes on the stress corrosion properties of u-bend S275 mild steel
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Parapurath, Shahid; Jacob, Liya; Vahdati, Nader; Günister, Ebru
Current research investigates the material degradation behavior of thermally processed S275 mild steel under continuous stress in chloride and sulfate media at different pH values (4, 7, and 10). The mild steel samples were quenched at 1000 °C, followed by tempering at 600 °C, followed by U-bending the samples and attaching a bolt and nut to develop continuous stress according to ASTM standards. A U-bend sample without heat treatment was used as a reference. The corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated using linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization scans. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, roughness measurements, and Raman spectroscopy have been used to examine the wear behavior of S275 samples. Quenching followed by tempering caused the quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to convert to martensite. This microstructural change impacted on the material’s mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. Tempering caused a 38% increase in ultimate tensile strength and a 103% increase in yield strength. It also caused a 7–27% increase in corrosion resistance in sulfate media. The pH of the electrolyte solution also influenced corrosion. The corrosion rate of the original and tempered U-bend samples in acidic sulfate media showed approximately a 700% increase in corrosion rate compared to media alkaline and neutral sulfate media samples. The prime reason for the exponential increase in the corrosion rate is the effect of the chemical reaction of highly oxidative species on stress-induced surface defects. Raman analysis confirmed a variety of ferrous oxides and hydroxide formations on the surface of S275 steel.
Clinical characteristics and development of complications differ between adult-onset and child–adolescent-onset type 1 diabetes: A report from a tertiary medical center in Türkiye
(Wiley, 2025) Çakmak, Ramazan; Telci Çaklılı, Özge; Ok, Ayşe Merve; Mutlu, Ümmü; Sarıbeyliler, Göktuğ; Seferova Nasifova, Vefa; Bilgin, Ersel; Çoşkun, Aylin; Güzey, Damla Yenersu; Satman, İlhan
Background and Aims: The age-at-onset is of great importance in the heterogeneity of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study was designed to define clinical and laboratory differences between child–adolescent-onset and adult-onset T1DM at presentation and during follow-up and determine the predicting factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated T1DM patients who were followed in the diabetes outpatient clinic between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. Results: The study cohort included 490 individuals with T1DM (54.3% female, 58.8% adult-onset, and median follow-up: 5 years). In the adult-onset group, baseline C-peptide and GADA prevalence were higher, whereas presentation with ketoacidosis was 2.3-fold lower compared to the child–adolescent-onset group (p < 0.001). During follow-up, the adult-onset group had a 2.4-fold higher overweight/obesity (p < 0.001) and 1.7-fold higher dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia (p = 0.002) than the child–adolescent-onset group. In multivariate analysis, fasting glucose (p = 0.024) in adult-onset, dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia (p = 0.037) in child–adolescent-onset, and diabetes duration (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007) and hypertension (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01) in both groups were associated with increased risk of microvascular complications, whereas age-at-onset (p = 0.024), dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia (p = 0.03), nephropathy (p = 0.003), and neuropathy (p = 0.001) in adult-onset and age (p = 0.002) and triglycerides (p = 0.013) in child–adolescent-onset groups were associated with increased risk of macrovascular complications. The cutoff C-peptide levels at baseline predicted microvascular complications in the whole cohort and adult-onset group were defined as 0.383 ng/mL (p < 0.001) and 0.41 ng/mL (p = 0.001), respectively. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, C-peptide (< 0.383 ng/mL) but not age-at-onset predicted future development of microvascular and macrovascular complications (p = 0.003 and p = 0.032). Conclusion: Clinical presentation and prognosis differ in adult-onset and child–adolescent-onset T1DM. Low initial C-peptide may predict the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications.
Photocatalytic performance of ag/humic acid magnetic nanoparticles for degradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Kaba, İbrahim; Özdemir Olgun, Fatoş Ayça
The contamination of water as a result of the discharge of organic dyes from industrial facilities that process pharmaceuticals, textile fabrics, leather, and petrochemicals, is a significant concern. The water quality of the aquatic environment is mostly impacted by pigments, even in small amounts less than 1 mgL−1 (Sharma et al. 2021). Methylene blue which is considered as mutagenic, toxic, and non-biodegradable, was selected as a model in this study to represent the azo dye class. The undesired effects of dye contamination can be eliminated through the sustainable and eco-friendly remediation procedure of photocatalytic degradation. The properties and efficiency of the catalytic reaction are significantly influenced by the morphology of the catalyst. Mott Schottky measurements and chronoamperometry were employed to elucidate the electronic properties of a composite silver humic acid magnetic nanoparticle (Ag/HA MNP) with a core-shell structure. The nanoparticle was subsequently employed in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The indirect band gap energy was calculated as 1.82 eV by employing Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The optimal parameters established in the study were used to maintain the effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous medium. Optimization studies for photocatalytic degradation of model dye-MB showed that the optimum degradation percentage (42%) was achieved rapidly in a short time period of 30 min with 0.06 g MNP in 10 mgL−1 solution. The first-order rate constant was determined to be 4.4 × 10−2 s −1 . This study contributes to the literature by proposing Ag/HA magnetic nanoparticles which were synthesized and installed for the first time as a catalyst for the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium.
Decision making for optimal treatment for patients with periodontitis based on recent classification criteria
(Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 2025) Kütük, Ceren; Parlak, Hanife Merva; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Tarhan, Nermin; Keçeli, Hüseyin Gencay
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of clinicians with different education levels and clinical experience in periodontitis diagnosis and treatment planning. Materials and Methods: Depending on the stage, grade, and extent components of periodontitis, a consensus diagnosis and treatment plan document prepared by two experienced periodontists was used as a gold-standard. An anonymous survey including 10 periodontitis cases was given to 15 participants (5 periodontal experts (PE), 5 postgraduate periodontology students (PS), and 5 undergraduate dental students (DS)) and asked them to classify each case depending on the components of the disease and select their treatment plan from a multiple-choice questionnaire including 11 dental treatment options. The accuracy of the responses was detected by referring to the gold-standard and inter-examiner agreement levels were also assessed. Results: Except grade, no significant inter-group difference was found in the periodontitis components and this difference only existed in the PE group (p=0.012). PE group gave more accurate treatment planning responses compared to others. The agreement levels of all examiners for stage, grade, and extent were fair (κ=0.366, 0.222, and 0.287, respectively). Treatment planning showed low agreement (κ<0.31) except tooth extraction option (κ=0.554). Both diagnosis and treatment planning responses showed significant variations amongst groups. Conclusion: Although education level and experience showed superiority in terms of periodontitis diagnosis and treatment planning, the results with low accuracy indicate the need for calibration to reduce the variations and enhance the accuracy.
Clinical exome sequencing (CES) identifies a novel homozygous variant in NECTIN1 causing CLPED1
(Springer Nature, 2024) Yılmaz Güleç, Elif; Budak, Gülden
Clinical exome sequencing (CES) identifies a novel homozygous variant in NECTIN1 causing CLPED1
Design, synthesis and anti‐influenza virus activity of 4‐tert‐butyl‐n‐(3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]dec‐4‐yl) benzamide derivatives that target hemagglutinin‐mediated fusion
(Wiley, 2025) Çınar, Gözde; Alikadıoğlu, Zeynep; Soylu Eter, Özge; Naesens, Lieve; Cihan Üstündağ, Gökçe
Hemagglutinin (HA) is a viral glycoprotein that mediates influenza virus entry into the host cell and is considered a relevant viral target. We here report the identification of a class of 4‐tert‐butylphenyl‐substituted spirothiazolidinones as HA‐mediated fusion inhibitors with specific activity against influenza A/H3N2 virus. The novel spirocyclic compounds were achieved by using one‐pot cyclocondensation method and the chemical structures were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Compound 2c, bearing methyl substitutions at positions 2‐ and 8‐ of the spiro ring displayed an EC50 value against influenza A/H3N2 virus of 1.3 μM and an antiviral selectivity index of 30. The fusion‐inhibiting effect of compound 2c was revealed in the polykaryon assay which is based on cell‐cell fusion when influenza virus H3 HA‐transfected cells are exposed to low pH. Computer‐aided docking was performed to predict the possible binding pocket in the H3 HA trimer. Resistance data and in silico studies indicated that compound 2c has an overlapping binding pocket in the stem region of H3 HA with the known fusion inhibitors TBHQ and arbidol.
Cartoon-assisted visual/auditory distraction usage in paediatric dental care, assessment of effects on patient anxiety, pain, and behaviour: A randomised crossover clinical trial
(Springer Nature, 2025) Üstün, Nilüfer; Ballı Akgöl, Beyza; Bayram, Merve
Objectives This randomized crossover clinical trial designed to evaluate the impact of visual and auditory distraction techniques on pediatric patients’ anxiety, pain perception, and behavior during dental treatment. The study specifically focuses on children, aiming to determine whether distraction methods can effectively reduce anxiety levels, alleviate pain experiences, and improve cooperative behavior in a clinical setting. Method and materials Children aged 4 to 9 years receiving routine dental care at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Istanbul Medipol University, were randomly assigned to Group 1 (distraction first, then tell-show-do) or Group 2 (tell-show-do first, then distraction), with a two-week washout period before switching interventions. Anxiety was assessed using the Venham Picture Test and pulse rate, pain perception with the Sounds, Eyes, and Motor Scale during local anesthesia and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale during treatment, while cooperation and behavior were evaluated using the Houpt Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U, Student’s t-test, Paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test, with the significance level set at 0.025 using the Bonferroni correction. Results Sixty-eight patients (37 female, 31 male) with a mean age of 6.69±1.08 years completed the study (Group 1: n=32, Group 2: n=36). The cartoon-assisted distraction technique did not significantly reduce anxiety compared to the tell-show-do method. A non-significant reduction in pain perception was observed during local anesthesia with distraction. However, this technique significantly reduced self-reported pain during treatment (p<0.025) and improved child cooperation and behavior. Conclusion Cartoon-assisted visual and auditory distraction can alleviate pain perception and improve behavior during pediatric dental procedures. However, it does not appear to reduce dental anxiety or pain perception during local anesthesia. Integrating this technique with the traditional tell-show-do approach may enhance the pediatric dental experience.
Investigation of the effectiveness of short-term grief-focused group intervention for 1st degree losses in earthquake
(Elsevier, 2025) Bal, Fatih; Filazoğlu Çokluk, Gülşen; Savaş, Esra
A considerable number of individuals who lost family members in the 2023 earthquake in Hatay province, Turkey, have been found to experience a range of psychosocial problems and disorders. In this randomised controlled trial, the efficacy of grief-focused group therapy was compared with that of a control group that did not receive any treatment. A total of 10 Turkish adults were randomly assigned to the group therapy group. The participants were evaluated at the outset of the study and at its conclusion in order to ascertain any changes in psychological resilience (Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults), grief symptoms (Grief Scale), and cognitive flexibility (Cognitive Flexibility Inventory). The results of the study are as follows: The results demonstrated that grief-focused group therapy was an effective intervention for reducing grief symptoms and enhancing psychological resilience and cognitive flexibility. A brief grief-focused group intervention has been demonstrated to be an efficacious intervention for earthquake survivors. The brief grief-focused group intervention proved more efficacious than the control condition in enhancing psychological resilience and cognitive flexibility, while concurrently attenuating grief symptoms, among adults who lost first-degree family members in the earthquake. Overall, the Grief Recovery Focused Group Therapy Program yielded a favourable impact on alpha, beta, and gamma scores in the experimental group, while exhibiting no discernible effect on delta and theta scores.
The use and efficacy of an innovative virtual reality application in teaching the mechanism of labor: A randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier, 2025) Hüseyinoğlu, Sebahat; Yazıcı, Saadet
Background: In practice, the comprehensibility of physiological events necessitates adequate visu alization. VR can provide a comprehensive learning environment that enhances the understanding of mechanisms and anatomical structures’ three-dimensional relationships, which are difficult to observe from the outside. Nonetheless, evidence supporting its use in midwifery education is scant in the litera ture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ’Virtual Reality Technology Labor Mechanism Application (VRT-LMA)’ developed for teaching the cardinal movements of the baby during the first and second stages of birth in midwifery education. Methods: The study was conducted in a single-blind, randomized manner. Sixty-one midwifery students taking childbirth courses were divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 31) groups. The experimental group received VRT-LMA, the control group received traditional training. After six weeks, both groups were given a posttest. Results: The post-test score of the experimental group was statistically significant compared to the control group (p < .05). Conclusion: VRT-LMA training helped increase students’ knowledge levels and aided in the retention of information. It will be suitable for supplementing traditional teaching methods.
Reply to the letter to the editor: 'Coronary atherosclerosis burden and coronary artery tortuosity'
(Kare Publishing, 2025) Özyaşar, Mehmet; Doğduş, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Ahmet; Altıntaş, Mehmet Sait; Yetkin, Ertan
To the Editor, First, we would like to thank the author1 and the editorial team for their attention to and interest in our work. We deeply value your constructive criticism and contributions, which we see as an opportunity for further improvement. Collateral circulation plays a significant role in the prognosis of coronary artery disease.2 We acknowledge the importance of considering the effect of collateral circulation when calculating Gensini scores.3 In our retrospective study, while evaluating cases of chronic coronary syndrome that underwent coronary angiography, the coronary collateral flow assessment (Rentrop) score (3) was 0 in all cases. However, we accept that this detail should have been clarified more explicitly in our article. Our study aimed to minimize confounding factors as much as possible to realistically examine the relationship between coronary artery tortuosity and coronary atherosclerosis. While we acknowledged in the limitations section of our study that this might introduce a potential bias in patient selection,4 we accept that it would have been beneficial to explicitly state that we sought to eliminate the effect of collateral circulation. One of the key strengths of our study is the large patient cohort, along with the meticulous exclusion of other confounding factors. In conclusion, while recognizing the importance of collateral circulation, we believe that our study provides important information about the relationship between coronary artery tortuosity and atherosclerotic plaque burden. We hope this research contributes to a deeper understanding of coronary artery disease and offers a new perspective for future studies.
New insights of cerium oxide nanoparticles in head and neck cancer treatment
(Springer Nature, 2025) Tarakçı, Elif; Esmkhani, Sahra; Bayramova, Jamila; Bilgin, Feride Melisa; Kıdık, Kübra; Adıgüzel, Şevin; Tufan, Yiğithan; Yılmaz, Ahsen Morva; Yazıcı, Hülya; Duygulu, Özgür
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a genetically complex cancer type having treatment difficulties due to affecting multiple organs in complex anatomical sites. Radiotherapy resistance, chemotoxicity, post-surgery disability makes HNC treatment more complicated. Therefore, there is need to developed new treatment approaches. Nanoparticle-based therapies especially cerium oxide nanoparticles with its anti-cancer features, high catalytic activity, anti- or pro-oxidant and radio-protective properties give a boon for HNC treatment. In the current study, two dextran-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (Dex-CeNPs) namely SD1 and SD2 were synthesized and characterized by using two types of dextran (D1 and D2) having distinct molecular weights and branching characteristics to understand their potential as a new HNC treatment strategy while evaluating the role of dextran type. The effectivity of the SD1 and SD2 on the HNC cell lines (A253, SCC-25, FaDu) were investigated by analyzing their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation properties. Low IC50 value, high ROS generation and stability profiling of SD2 compared to SD1 indicates the distinct function of dextran type on Dex-CeNPs effectivity on HNC. To better elucidate the effectivity of SD2, flow cytometry analysis and pro-apoptotic (TP53, CASP3, BAX) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) gene expression profiling were investigated in detail. The findings indicate that SD2 exhibits an influence on head and neck cancer cells via the apoptotic pathway. Our research sets the framework for the development of Dex-CeNPs as remarkable nanotherapeutic candidates for treatment of head and neck cancer.
Pharmacovigilance analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related reproductive adverse effects based on the FDA adverse event reporting system
(Springer Nature, 2025) Köylü, Bahadır; Esen, Buğra Han; Bektaş, Şevval Nur; Özbek, Laşin; Turan, Volkan; Urman, Bülent; Öktem, Özgür; Selçukbiricik, Fatih
This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on the female and male reproductive systems. In the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, adverse reactions under the "Reproductive system and breast disorders" category in the System Organ Classes were included, covering a period from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2023. We identified 133,512 patients treated with ICIs. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related reproductive adverse effects (irRAEs) were reported in 568 (0.43%) patients. Spermatogenesis abnormality (ROR025 = 7.91) had the highest signal strength associated with ICI use in males. Genital tract fistula was the only significant irRAE (ROR025 = 2.72) in females. PD-1 inhibitors pose greater risk than CTLA-4 inhibitors (OR = 1.65 [1.05-2.79], p = 0.045). Gynecologic cancers in females (OR = 3.77 [2.82-4.99], p < 0.0001) and urogenital cancers in males (OR = 1.56 [1.17-2.06], p = 0.0018) carried the highest risk compared to other cancers. Additional targeted drugs (OR = 2.32 [1.76-3.02], p < 0.0001), particularly lenvatinib (OR = 3.50 [2.48-4.94], p < 0.0001) and cabozantinib (OR = 3.71 [1.96-7.03], p < 0.0001) significantly increased the risk for females. Additional use of chemotherapy drugs was associated with a significant reduction in the risk for males (OR = 0.65 [0.42-0.96], p = 0.042) except for doxorubicin (OR = 2.58 [1.22-5.47], p = 0.013) and cyclophosphamide (OR = 2.36 [1.05-5.29], p = 0.038). This study demonstrates that ICIs could potentially lead to a wide range of adverse effects in the reproductive system in both males and females.
Anatomical relationship between the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve at the entrance and within the radial groove
(Springer, 2025) Şanlıtürk, Yüsra Nur; Gayretli, Özcan; Zeybek, Nurşen; Öztürk, Adnan
Purpose In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve at the entrance to and within the radial groove considering no comparable study was found in the literature. Method Dissection was performed in 44 upper extremities (21 right and 23 left) of 24 fixed cadavers used for medical edu cation at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy. Results Profunda brachii artery was found to be a single artery in 39 extremities and a double artery in 5 extremities. In 27 cases with single PBA, the nerve was located superolateral to the PBA (Type A), and in 8 cases the nerve was located infero medial to the PBA (Type B). In all 5 extremities with double profunda brachii artery, the proximal branch was superolateral (Type A) and the distal branch was inferomedial (Type B). Conclusions This research will support surgeons understanding how to better anatomically and radiologically treat humeral fractures and lateral arm flap applications.
The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
(Springer, 2025) Eslam, Mohammed; Fan, Jian-Gao; Yu, Ming-Lung; Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun; Cua, Ian Homer; Liu, Chun-Jen; Tanwandee, Tawesak; Örmeci, Necati; K. Sarin, Shiv; George, Jacob
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over one-fourth of the global adult population and is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. To address this, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has created clinical practice guidelines focused on MAFLD. The guidelines cover various aspects of the disease, such as its epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, assessment, and treatment. The guidelines aim to advance clinical practice, knowledge, and research on MAFLD, particularly in special groups. The guidelines are designed to advance clinical practice, to provide evidence-based recommendations to assist healthcare stakeholders in decision-making and to improve patient care and disease awareness. The guidelines take into account the burden of clinical management for the healthcare sector.
Preparation and characterization of an acrylated-coumarin-containing photo-crosslinked thiol-ene network: Investigation of the free-volume, thermal, UV, and photoluminescence properties
(Wiley, 2025) Uyumaz, Fatmanur; Artuç, Gamze Özgül; Pehlivan, Gamze; Akdoğan, Ayça; Yahşi, Uğur; Tav, Cumali; Bulut, Mustafa; Kahraman, Memet Vezir
Coumarin, a versatile compound, has attracted great interest in polymer science due to its unique properties and diverse applications. The use of coumarins in polymer research opens avenues for the development of materials with improved functionalities. In this study, an acrylated coumarin (a-coumarin) compound containing polymeric films was obtained via UV curing through a thiol-ene click reaction with a free radical mechanism. The obtained a-coumarin-containing polymeric films were subjected to functional characterization using FTIR and NMR analyses and thermal characterization via DSC and TGA. UV–vis and PL analyses were performed to determine the optical properties. Using positron anni hilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), the free volume and proportional free volume fraction of the films were analyzed both below and above the glass transi tion temperature (Tg). The Tg values obtained from PALS were several degrees lower than those obtained via DSC. A-coumarin additives inhibit segmental mobility, hence reducing the proportional free volume fraction and increasing the Tg. This study is the first in the literature to investigate the free volume properties of coumarin-containing polymeric films. The study reveals the impact of a-coumarin on thermal, optical, and free volume properties, paving the way for the design of advanced functional materials.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): The ‘Kyoto consensus’-steps from Asia
(Springer, 2025) Choudhury, Ashok; Kulkarni, Anand V.; Arora, Vinod; Sood, Ajit; Dökmeci, Abdul Kadir; Chowdhury, Abhijeet; Koshy, Abraham; Duseja, Ajay; Örmeci, Necati; Mishra, Ajay Kumar
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplanta tion. There have been various defnitions proposed worldwide. The frst consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacifc Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the “APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)” was formed in 2012. The AARC database has prospectively collected nearly 10,500 cases of ACLF from various countries in the Asia–Pacifc region. This database has been instrumental in developing the AARC score and grade of ACLF, the concept of the ‘Golden Therapeutic Window’, the ‘transplant window’, and plasmapheresis as a treatment modality. Also, the data has been key to identifying pediatric ACLF. The European Association for the Study of Liver-Chronic Liver Failure (EASL CLIF) and the North American Association for the Study of the End Stage Liver Disease (NACSELD) from the West added the concepts of organ failure and infection as precipitants for the development of ACLF and CLIF-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and NACSELD scores for prognostication. The Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) added COSSH-ACLF criteria to manage hepatitis b virus-ACLF with and without cirrhosis. The literature supports these defnitions to be equally efective in their respective cohorts in identifying patients with high mortality. To overcome the diferences and to develop a global consensus, APASL took the initiative and invited the global stakeholders, including opinion leaders from Asia, EASL and AASLD, and other researchers in the feld of ACLF to identify the key issues and develop an evidence-based consensus document. The consensus document was presented in a hybrid format at the APASL annual meeting in Kyoto in March 2024. The ‘Kyoto APASL Consensus’ presented below carries the fnal recommendations along with the relevant background information and areas requiring future studies.
Determination of anti-mullerian hormone and inhibin b reference ranges according to pubertal stages in children and adolescent girls
(Karger, 2024) Kaynar, Özge; Turan, Hande; Tarçın, Gürkan; Karakaş, Hasan; Evliyaoğlu, Olcay; Turan, Volkan; Bayramoğlu, Elvan
Determination of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Inhibin B Reference Ranges According to Pubertal Stages in Children and Adolescent Girls
An anatomical investigation regarding the parietal foramen in 174 adult parietal bones
(Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Publications, 2025) Sağlam, Latif; Allahverdiyev, İrşad; Sordi, Ali Efruz; Öztürk, Adnan
Objective: Investigating all anatomical aspects of the parietal foramen (PF) is essential. This study aimed to examine the anatomical features of the PF. Materials and Methods: A total of 174 dry adult human parietal bones (81 right and 93 left) were carefully examined. The frequency, shape, and direction of the PF were recorded. Measurements included the diameter of the PF (DPF), the distance of the PF to the sagittal suture (DSS), the distance of the PF to the occipital angle (DPO), and the length of the sagittal suture (LSS). Additionally, to determine the topography of the PF (TPF), the LSS/DPO ratio was calculated. The DPF was measured using needles of various diameters, while all distances were measured using a digital caliper. Results: Among the parietal bones, 112 (64.3%) had the PF, while 62 (35.7%) had none. A total of 118 PFs were identified on the 112 bones: 52 on the right side, 58 on the left side, and 8 on the sagittal suture. The foramen was single in 90.7% of cases, double in 6.8%, and triple in 2.5%. The parietal foramen appeared circular in 94.1% and oval in 5.9% of cases. Most foramina were oriented in a posteroanterior direction. The mean measurements for DPF, DSS, DPO, and LSS were 1.7±0.6 mm, 6.81±3.40 mm, 33.81±12.43 mm, and 108.94±6.91 mm, respectively. Additionally, the TPF was approximately 3:1. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study may be important for enhancing the success rate of invasive procedures involving the PF or its adjacent structures, as well as for reducing or preventing complications.
Trace determination of cobalt in heather leaf tea by matrix matching calibration assisted flame atomic absorption spectrometry following a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction utilizing a Schiff base ligand
(Elsevier, 2025) Atakol, Arda; Zeydanlı, Damla; Göver, Tuğçe; Atakol, Melike; Serbest, Hakan; Karakebap, Kübra; Büyük, Muhammed Ali; Atakol, Orhan; Bakırdere, Sezgin
In this study, an analytical method that involves dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and enrichment of Co was developed for its determination in heather leaf tea infusions. N,N’-bis(2-hydrox yacetophenylidene)-1,3-propanediamine was utilized to form the complex extracted in chloroform with meth anol as a dispersive solvent. The experimental parameters were optimized to allow for an enhancement of detection power by 35.6-folds compared to direct FAAS measurements while lowering the limit of detection to 0.0154 mg/L and the limit of quantification to 0.0513 mg/L and providing a linear range of 0.050–0.75 mg/L. Spiked recovery experiments were conducted on two brands of heather leaf tea where a matrix matching strategy was employed for further reduction of interferences. The recovery results obtained in the range of 78.7–128.4 % supported the accuracy of the proposed method that promises an economical and easy-to-apply process for the trace determination of cobalt in herbal tea matrices.
Thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analysis of a UAV two stroke engine fueled with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol blends
(Elsevier, 2025) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Demir, Usame; Gülcan, Halil Erdi
In recent years, as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) engines has increased in various application areas such as military fields, defense, emergencies, and mapping, the use of these engines with fossil-based fuels has raised environmental concerns. The addition of heavy alcohols such as octanol and hexanol, which have high energy densities, to the fossil-based fuels used may help reduce environmental concerns and contribute to per formance improvement. In this study, the performance, emissions, thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analysis of a two-stroke engine operating with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol fuels in a UAV is conducted. There are no studies in the literature that examine the energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic aspects of a two-stroke UAV engine operating with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol fuel mixtures. The aim of this study is to understand the performance and emission characteristics of used heavy alcohols such as octanol and hexanol in a two-stroke UAV engine, and to examine them from a thermodynamic perspective. The experiments are carried out at different shaft speed ranges (3250, 3750, 4500, 5250, and 6250 rpm). Additionally, seven different fuels are used in the experiments: gasoline, gasoline-octanol mixtures (volumetrically 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %), and gasoline-hexanol mixtures (volumetrically 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %). The results show that increasing the octanol content in gasoline to 30 % (OC30) reduces the specific fuel con sumption (SFC) by up to 5.5 % (at 6250 shaft speed), while increasing the hexanol content to 30 % (HX30) increases it by 6 % (at 5250 shaft speed). CO emissions decrease by an average of 5.3 % and 9.2 % with OC30 and HX30 fuels, respectively (both at 6250 shaft speed), while CO2 emissions increase by an average of 3 % and 10 % with OC30 and HX30 fuels, respectively. With OC30 fuel, the exergetic destruction decreases by an average of 6 % compared to gasoline, while with HX30 fuel, it increases by an average of 3.3 %. OC30 increases the exergetic efficiency by an average of 5.4 % compared to gasoline, whereas HX30 decreases it by 2.9 %.

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