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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/7

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Transgenerational effect of nicotine consumption on the TCF7l2 signalling pathway and glucose metabolism
(Wiley, 2025) Citci, İbrahim Halil; Gökmen, Ramazan Can; Çekin, Ayşe; Yeşil, Ege Sevinç; Koylu, Ersin Oğuz; Kanıt, Lutfiye; Gözen, Oğuz; Kosova, Buket
Transgenerational Effect of Nicotine Consumption on the TCF7L2 Signalling Pathway and Glucose Metabolism
Endometrial sampling in the absence of hysteroscopy: Insights from more than 1000 dilatation and curettage cases
(Wiley, 2025) Şentürk, Şenol; Aydın, Gerçek; Can Bayrak, Çiğdem; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Stojković, Marta; Sparic, Radmila; Pecorella, Giovanni; Tinelli, Andrea
Objectives: The aim of this epidemiological study is to present the distribution of histopathological results of endometrial biopsies performed for indications in women and their relationship with symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) assessed by endometrial biopsy between January 2020 and July 2022. Analyzing the distribution and association of patients' demographic traits, biopsy motivations, and histopathologic findings was the main goal of the study. Results: A total of 1216 patients were included in the study, and their average age was 48.48 ± 8.79 years. AUB was found to be the most common reason for biopsy (n= 616; 50.7%). The most common diagnosis among the histologic findings (320; 26.3%) was endometrial polyp. The most common symptoms among individuals with premalignant and malignant diseases were AUB, endometrial thickening, and postmenopausal hemorrhage. Additionally, it was determined that 21 (6.3%) postmenopausal patients had inadequate material. Conclusions: The most common histologic diagnosis from the procedure was endometrial polyp. It is important to make sure that the sample taken includes the entire uterine cavity because postmenopausal women may have insufficient biopsy samples. This is especially true if a hysteroscopy with biopsy cannot be performed (for a variety of reasons). In fact, suspect endometrial cancers should be thoroughly evaluated by hysteroscopy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and atypical uterine bleeding.
The effect of adding hydrogen peroxide to an engine used in unmanned aerial vehicles on fuel consumption, energy, exergy, and sustainability parameters
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Arslan, Ahmet; Doğan, Battal; Vural, Erdinç; Arslan, Ömer
This study explores the use of hydrogen peroxide solution—a novel additive not previously used in UAV engines—to improve the energy efficiency of commercially available unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Different hydrogen peroxide ratios were blended with JP-8 fuel, a common UAV fuel, to boost engine performance and optimise operating conditions. The effects of these fuel blends on engine performance and emissions were thoroughly analysed at various UAV thrust levels (5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg). Energy, exergy, and sustainability assessments were conducted based on the findings. It was found that increasing engine thrust with the same fuel mixture resulted in higher system disorder and entropy production. For instance, at 5 kg thrust with the P20 fuel mixture, entropy generation was 0.046 kW/K, rising to 0.112 kW/K at 25 kg thrust. The study indicates that adding hydrogen peroxide to JP-8 fuel in UAVs decreases energy and exergy efficiencies. Specifically, at 15 kg thrust, JP-8's energy and exergy efficiencies were 18.54% and 17.37%, respectively. These values dropped to 15.50% and 14.59% with the P30 fuel blend. The sustainability index ranged from 1.226 to 1.070 across all fuel types.
Making health out of recycling: The innovative role of hawthorn seed waste in diabetes management
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Savcı, Serap; Kocadağ Kocazorbaz, Ebru; Menfaatli, Esra; Gündeğer, Ersin
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to global population growth and lifestyle changes. One of the key strategies in managing DM is the inhibition of enzymes such as α-glucosidase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), as well as reducing protein glyca tion. In this study, the antidiabetic potential of Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) seeds, which are generally considered agricultural waste, was investigated. Hawthorn seeds were extracted using water, ethanol, and methanol as solvents, and the obtained extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxi dant activity, enzyme inhibitory effects, and antiglycation potential. The methanol extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (53.21±4.69 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity, while the ethanol and methanol extracts showed strong anti glycation effects. The water extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against DPP-IV (IC50: 0.21 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50: 85.23 µg/mL). In silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B1 exhibited strong binding affinities for DPP-IV and α-glucosidase, respectively, and that these complexes were stable. These results suggest that hawthorn seeds, traditionally considered waste, possess significant pharmacological potential and could offer a new, natural, and sustainable therapeutic option for diabetes management. This study serves as an important example for the valorization of biomass and the repurposing of waste materials in the pharmaceutical field.
Thermosonication-assisted fortification of kiwi juice with bee bread: Enhancing nutritional and functional properties through ANFIS-RSM optimization
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Yıkmış, Seydi; Duman Altan, Aylin; Türkol, Melikenur; Tokatlı, Nazlı; Yıldırım Maviş, Çiğdem; Tokatlı Demirok, Nazan; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Karrar, Emad; Aljobair, Moneera O.; Mohamed Ahmed, I. A.
This study investigated the effects of thermosonication on the preservation and enhancement of bioactive components in kiwi juice fortified with bee bread. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were employed to optimize processing parameters by evaluating FRAP, total phenolics, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid levels. Thermosonication significantly enhanced the levels of phenolic compounds (127.97 GAE mg/100 mL) and ascorbic acid (14.89 mg/100 mL), while a reduction in chlorophyll content was observed. The ANFIS model provided more accurate predictions compared to RSM, particularly under optimal processing conditions. Additionally, the thermosonication-treated kiwi juice with bee bread (TS-KJB) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid, and dietary fiber content. The findings demonstrate that thermosonication is an effective and sustainable technique for improving the functional and nutritional properties of bee bread-fortified kiwi juice. This approach offers a promising alternative for the production of additive- and preservative-free functional fruit juices.
Tailoring natural solvents: Deep eutectic approach for recovering bioactives from Prunus Spinosa L.
(Wiley, 2025) Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Falsafi, Seid Reza; Şahin, Selin
In this study, several choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) combinations were prepared at different molarratios (1/1, 1/2, and 2/1) using amine (urea), polyols (ethylene glycol and glycerol), and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, formic acid,propionic acid, and acetic acid). The performances of the DESs in the homogeniser-assisted extraction of Prunus spinosa L.fresh fruit were compared depending on the total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant activity [AA]) yields. Based on the findings of Tukey’s test formultiple comparisons, ChCl/formic acid (2/1) provided the best extraction efficiency with statistically significant differences(p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of the proposed DES. Furthermore, theproposed DES also showed better performance compared to conventional aqueous ethanol (60%, v/v) and water. Then, theselected DES (ChCl/formic acid, 2/1) was employed for the optimization study using the Box-Behnken Design of the responsesurface methodology. The optimum process conditions for the maximum yields of TPC (52.34 mg-GAE/g-FF), TAC (2.09 mg-cyn-3-glu/g-FF), and AA (89.21%) were found to be 50% (v/v) water in the DES, 0.833 g of material, and 69.906 s extractiontime.
MAFLD: A comprehensive review of the link between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) M. Mostafa, Alaa; Pan, Ziyan; Yu, Ming-Lung; Örmeci, Necati; Fouad, Yasser; Eslam, Mohammed
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over 30% of the global population. It is a multisystem condition with a strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Key shared mechanisms, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predisposition, couple MAFLD with increased risks of coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Early detection via non-invasive imaging and biomarkers is crucial for effective risk stratification. Management strategies emphasize lifestyle modifications and the development of targeted pharmacotherapies addressing metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Understanding the interconnected pathogenic mechanisms facilitates personalized interventions to reduce morbidity and improve long-term outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential to prevent and manage the cardiovascular implications of MAFLD.
Smart thermoresponsive sol–gel formulation of polyhexanide for rapid and painless burn and wound management
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Alparslan, Levent; Torkay, Gülşah; Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel; Özdemir, Samet
Traditional wound and burn treatments often fall short in balancing antimicrobial efficacy, patient comfort, and ease of application. This study introduces a novel, transparent, ther moresponsive sol–gel formulation incorporating polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) for advanced topical therapy. Utilizing Poloxamer 407 as a biocompatible carrier, the formulation remains a sprayable liquid at room temperature and instantly gels upon contact with body temperature, enabling painless, pressure-free application on sensitive, injured skin. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed the formulation’s broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy (≥5 log10 reduction in 30 s), high biocompatibility (viability > 70% in fibroblasts), non-irritancy (OECD 425-compliant), and physical stabil ity across three months. Importantly, the formulation maintained fibroblast migration capacity—crucial for wound regeneration—while exhibiting rapid sol-to-gel transition at ~34 ◦C. These findings highlight the system’s potential as a next-generation wound dressing with enhanced user compliance, transparent monitoring capability, and rapid healing support, particularly in disaster or emergency scenarios.
A pilot investigation on possible interactions between clinical parameters and the psychology of couples undergoing IVF
(Wiley, 2025) Aydın, Gerçek; Bülbül, Mehmet; Ergin, Elif; Aydin, Ayşe Gül; Akkaya, Cengiz; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Tinelli, Andrea
Objective: To investigate the potential reciprocal influences between in vitro fertiliza tion (IVF) and the psychological states of patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study involved 180 couples who sought consultation for IVF. To monitor the fluctuations in the emotional states of the cou ples throughout the IVF process, questionnaires were administered on two separate occasions: the first was conducted immediately before the initiation of medication, and the second was administered promptly following the completion of embryo trans fer. The BECK inventories for anxiety and depression were employed for evaluation. Pregnancy outcomes were exclusively analyzed for women who received high-quality blastocysts, with cleavage-stage embryo transfers being excluded from consideration. Results: Pregnancy rates did not significantly differ based on the presence of height ened anxiety and/or depression among couples. Notably, a correlation was identified between severe anxiety in women before IVF and diminished rates of fertilization, as well as lower blastocyst/oocyte and blastocyst/metaphase II (M2) ratios (8.7 ± 5.0 vs. 7.5 ± 6.1, P= 0.029; 0.284 ± 0.199 vs. 0.218 ± 0.209, P= 0.001; and 0.333 ± 0.209 vs. 0.272 ± 0.232, P= 0.016, respectively). In the male cohort, elevated anxiety scores, ei ther pre- or post-IVF treatment, were found to be linked with a reduced mean oocyte count, as well as lower rates of M2, fertilization, blastocyst, and total embryo counts (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Pregnancy rates were not affected by the presence of anxiety and de pression, as they do not exert a significant impact on the implantation success of blas tocysts. However, given that fertilization rates are statistically diminished in instances of severe anxiety, which consequently results in a reduced number of blastocysts and total embryos, a decline in cumulative pregnancy rates may be anticipated.
Addressing nutrition service management after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Günalan, Elif; Turgut, Rana; Işıklar, Handan
The study addresses nutrition service management after the 7.8M and 7.6M Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Initially, permission from the Turkish Red Crescent General Directorate and the support of the Turkish Red Crescent Academy were obtained to gather knowledge about the disaster response. In the short term, nutritional support was achieved for some settlements by the Turkish Red Crescent because the affected area was on a large scale. As a result, risk management should be considered, especially when planning nutrition services for the acute period. Nevertheless, the Turkish Red Crescent coordinated the long-term transportation and management of all food aid. Nearly 100 000 earthquake victims received nutrition services from the Turkish Red Crescent, while more than 3 million earthquake victims received food aid from nutrition platforms and other institutions. A multilevel nutrition service management model, which includes pre-disaster, disaster, and post-disaster, can accelerate the transition to normalization following the earthquake with a high-quality food supply and nutrition service.
Evaluation of posterior segment changes in pediatric asthma patients with and without inhaled corticosteroid therapy
(Springer Nature, 2025) Kıvrak, Ulviye; Çiçek, Fatih; Köle, Mehmet Tolga; Kaya Adaş, Büşra; Kandemir, İbrahim
This study aimed to evaluate and compare changes in the posterior segment of pediatric asthma patients, potentially associated with asthma or inhaled corticosteroids. A retrospective analysis was conducted on children aged 7–17 diagnosed with atopic asthma. The participants were categorized into groups: Group 1 (no inhaled corticosteroids) and Group 2 (inhaled corticosteroid treatment). A control group of healthy children was also included. Demographic data, clinical findings, and laboratory results (e.g., eosinophil count, IgE, CRP levels) were collected. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to measure posterior segment parameters. Asthma patients demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in subfoveal choroidal thickness, the superficial capillary plexus in the superior and nasal quadrants, the choriocapillaris in the foveal quadrant, and the peripapillary vascular density in the inferior and superior quadrants compared to controls. Inflammation markers such as eosinophil count and CRP showed significant correlations with changes in vascular density. Asthma, as a chronic inflammatory and hypoxic condition, can significantly affect posterior segment parameters, leading to potential visual function impairments in children. Regular monitoring with OCT and OCTA can help detect early microvascular changes, allowing for timely interventions to preserve visual health.
Evaluation of enamel surface roughness and volumetric change after resin remnant removal following orthodontic bracket debonding
(Quintessence Publishing Deutschland, 2025) Korkut, Bora; Uzun, Kadir Emre; Hacıali, Çiğdem; Ünal, Tuna; Tağtekin, Dilek
Purpose: To evaluate surface roughness and volumetric change of enamel after using different resin remnant removal (RRR) techniques, following orthodontic bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: Metal orthodontic brackets (Mini Twin Brackets, RMO) were bonded to 60 human (central or lateral) labial mid-third surfaces, and debonded 24 h after by a single orthodontist. The remaining composites were completely removed with the fluorescence light guidance by the D-Light-Pro led curing unit (GC/detection mode). The removal procedures were performed without magnification (n = 30) or with 20× magnification/5500 K illumination by a dental microscope (OMS2000, Zumax) (n = 30). Three RRR techniques were used: 12-bladed carbide bur (Horico), red-banded diamond bur (Horico), SofLex Disc (medium/40 μm, fine/24 μm, and superfine/8 µm; 3M). Surface changes were evaluated visually through microscope photographs by enamel surface index (ESI) and volumetrically by overlapping the three-dimensional images of a laser scanner device (LAS-20, SD-Mechatronik) in the Geomagic Design X (3D Systems) software. The deemed significance was set at 0.050 for the statistical analyses. Results: A positive, strong correlation was found between visual and volumetric change scores (P 0.001). Lesser volumetric loss (P 0.001) and roughness (P = 0.009) were observed for all RRR techniques when the magnification was used. Volumetric loss (mm3) by diamond bur was significantly the highest [1.85(1–3)a], followed by SofLex Disc [1.1(1–1)c] and carbide bur [0.59(0–1)b](P 0.001). Visual surface roughness scores (Ra) were significantly higher for diamond bur [4.5(4–5)b](P 0.001), followed by carbide bur 2(1–3)a and SofLex Disc 1(1–2)a. Conclusion: Surface roughness should always be assessed together with the volumetric enamel loss for the selection of RRR technique. Red-banded diamond bur should not be used for RRR. Even though the least surface roughness can be provided by SofLex Disc system, it can provide more intact enamel surface loss than the carbide bur. Magnification was considered useful for the RRR to provide a smoother surface while better preserving the intact enamel tissue.
Presence of myositis specific autoantibodies including anti synthetase antibodies predict favorable outcomes to rituximab in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis: Retrospective observational study
(Elsevier, 2025) Oğuz, Eyüp; Koca, Nevzat; Bektaş, Murat
Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) is a group of disorders that mainly affect skeletal muscle, joints, skin, and lungs. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the autoantibody profile including myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) and myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and their influence on outcomes, response rates, and associated factors to Rituximab (RTX) treatment in patients with IIM who followed up in a single tertiary center. Methods: Data from the patients with IIM who follow-up between 2019 and 2023 years and met the Bohan and Peter and/or the ACR/EULAR 2017 and/or the ENMC criteria were retrospectively reviewed. RTX was initiated in patients who had an inadequate response to at least one immonomudulatory/immunosuppressive treatment (refractory group) or as a first-line treatment in patients who had critical/severe disease manifestations such as respiratory failure due to severe intertitial lung disease (ILD), respiratory muscle involvement, and dysphagia. RTX was administered at a dose of 1 g every 6 months on days 0-15, and the dose was repeated at month 6 in patients who responded to treatment. Remission was defined as the patients who met all of the following criteria during at least 6 months: i) absence of a sign of muscle inflammation by manual muscle test (normalization of muscle strength in patients without damage) alongside muscle enzymes (normalization in CK and LDH levels), ii) improvement or no progression in respiratory symptoms alongside pulmonary function tests (less than 10% decline in FVC and/or DLCO) in patients who had ILD at baseline, iii) disappearance of active skin lesions among dermatomyositis (DM) patients iv) resolution of other features attributed to several manifestations such as arthritis, heart involvement and gastrointestinal symptoms if present.
Biomimetic management of orthodontic white spot lesions
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Tunalı, Esra; Karaçay, Şeniz; Özen, Buğra; Albayrak, Önder
Objectives: white spot lesions (WSLs) may develop in patients with inadequate oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to develop a natural remineralization agent by creating artificial WSLs in vitro. Materials/methods: WSLs were created in teeth with orthodontic buttons in vitro. The teeth were divided into the following groups: P11-4 (group 1), Nano-HA solution before sintering (group 2), Nano-HA solution after sintering (group 3), P11-4 and Nano-HA mixture before sintering (group 4), P11-4 and Nano-HA mixture after sintering (group 5), boron-containing Nano-HA mixture before sintering (group 6), boron-containing Nano-HA mixture after sintering (group 7), CPP-ACP (group 8), and artificial saliva (group 9). Measurements were taken before and after demineralization, and at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days of remineralization. Images were recorded using DIAGNOcam and VistaCamIX, area measurements were made using ImageJ, and SEM was used for remineralization assessment. Results: all groups except group 9 showed a reduction in the WSL area, with statistically significant results. SEM analysis revealed the lowest remineralization in groups 8 and 9, while the other groups exhibited more intense remineralization. Conclusions: the most successful groups for WSL remineralization were those containing pure Nano-HA (groups 2 and 3), with the other groups showing varying levels of remineralization.
Advanced low-thermal fortification strategy for dill juice: Enhanced bioaccessibility and functional properties through MLP-RSM optimization
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Yıkmış, Seydi; Duman Altan, Aylin; Demirel, Selinay; Türkol, Melikenur; Tokatlı, Nazlı; Tokatlı Demirok, Nazan; Aljobair, Moneera O.; Karrar, Emad; Mohamed Ahmed, Isam A.
In this study, a combination of ultrasound and microwave technologies (USMW) was applied to increase the functional properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) juice and the obtained samples were comprehensively evaluated in terms of biofunctionality. Total phenolic content (TPC), β-carotene, total chlorophyll, antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and antidiabetic enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase, α-amylase) were determined. The optimum process parameters were successfully estimated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models. USMW process increased the extraction of phenolic compounds and carotenoids, providing significant increases in TPC (126.08 mg GAE/100 mL), β-carotene (42.82 mg/100 mL) and chlorophyll (4.42 g/100 mL) levels (*p < 0.05). In the simulated post-digestion bioavailability assessments, the ultrasound and microwave (DJ-USMW) group showed the highest recovery rates. In addition, potential antidiabetic effects were confirmed by the inhibition of α-glucosidase (61.65%) and α-amylase (53.11%). PCA and clustering analyses showed that USMW application significantly separated the samples. The obtained results demonstrate that USMW technology is a sustainable and effective method, especially for the development of functional beverages, as an alternative to traditional heat treatments.
Artificial intelligence in predicting macular hole surgery outcomes: A focus on optical coherence tomography parameters
(Springer Nature, 2025) Öztürk, Yücel; Ağın, Abdullah; Yelmi, Burcu; Zorlutuna Kaymak, Nilufer
Purpose To evaluate the predictive performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based indices and artificial intelligence (AI) using a Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) model and compare them with traditional logistic regression in forecasting anatomical success following macular hole (MH) surgery. Methods This retrospective observational study included 51 eyes of 51 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic MH. Preoperative OCT measurements of macular hole index (MHI), traction hole index (THI), hole form factor (HFF), basal hole diameter (BHD), and minimum hole diameter (MHD) were recorded. GPT-based AI predictions were generated using masked input data. A logistic regression model was developed with the same variables. Predictive performance was assessed using accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), positive predictive value (POPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa statistics. Results Anatomical success was achieved in 72.5% of cases. MHI, THI, and HFF were significantly higher in the successful group (p<0.0001). GPT achieved an accuracy of 77.0% and AUC of 0.770, with perfect POPV (1.000) but low NPV (0.452). Logistic regression outperformed GPT, achieving an accuracy of 84.3%, an AUC of 0.759, a higher NPV (0.800), and better agreement (Kappa 0.568 vs. 0.392). BHD and MHD showed poor predictive power (AUC 0.291). Conclusion OCT-derived indices, especially MHI, THI, and HFF, effectively predict MH surgery outcomes. Logistic regression based on actual patient data demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to GPT. AI models hold potential but require further development, integration of multimodal data, and validation before clinical application.
Economic determinants of nonperforming loans in Turkey: Quantile ARDL results
(Istanbul University Press, 2025) Atılgan Sarıdoğan, Ayşe; Küçükgergerli, Nabi; Yaman, Adem
In the banking sector, problems in repaying customers’ credits can increase credit risk and fragility. Therefore, it is of great importance for banks to monitor the status of non-performing loans (NPLs) closely. This study analyzes the macroeconomic factors affecting NLPs in the Turkish banking sector. It used ARDL and QARDL approaches and data for 2011M5-2024M9 in the study. According to the long-run estimation results of the ARDL model, inflation and industrial production affect the NLPs in the opposite direction. In contrast, unemployment, the exchange rate, and interest rates affect it in the same direction. The estimation results are consistent with economic theory and the literature. The QARDL estimation results show that lnCPI (τ=0.2 to τ=0.8) has negative and significant coefficients in most quantiles (τ). The coefficients for lnPMI are generally negative and statistically insignificant. The lnUNE variable has positive and significant coefficients at most levels τ (τ=0.1 to τ=0.8). The estimation results for lnEXC show that the overall effect of the variable on NPL is positive and significant. The coefficients of interest rates are generally positive and significant. For the increase in the NLPs to remain at an acceptable threshold level for the banking sector and the Turkish economy, it is critical that the credit risk assessment system at the banking level works effectively and efficiently on the one hand and that macroeconomic indicators in the Turkish economy are supportive of the credit repayment conditions of economic agents on the other.
Examination of anatomical features of zygomaticofacial foramen in children: A 3d reconstruction study
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Ay, Tuğba; Kervancıoğlu, Piraye; Adanır, Saliha Seda; Yalçın, Eda Didem
Background Considering the implications of surgical fixation techniques such as plating, screwing, or wiring in pediatric zygomatic fractures, a detailed understanding of the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) anatomy in children may help reduce intraoperative complications particularly injury to the zygomaticofacial nerve, which passes through the ZFF. Objective The aim of the present study is to examine the morphometric and morphological features of the ZFF in the pediatric population. Methods Before the study commenced, approval was obtained from Gaziantep University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval number: 2024/177). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 119 patients who applied to Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology for any reason were retrospectively examined with Radiant DICOM Viewer program. The presence, number, localization and distances to certain anatomical points of ZFF were measured. The ZFF was classified based on the number of foramina. To determine the localization of the foramen, the lateral surface of zygomatic bone was divided into four quadrants using two reference lines. These quadrants were designated as a, b, c, and d in a clockwise direction from the inferomedial to the superomedial region. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 24.0 package program and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 119 children (male: 65, female: 54; mean age: 13.14 ± 3.24) CBCT images (238 sides) were examined. In the classification based on the number of foramina, the absence of any foramen was defined as Type 0 (106, 44.5%); the presence of one, two, and three foramina was classified as Type I (91, 38.2%), Type II (35, 14.7%), and Type III (6, 2.5%), respectively. The mean distance between ZFF-orbit and ZFF-temporozygomatic suture was greater in male than in female (p = 0.006, p = 0.009, respectively). The mean distance between ZFF-frontozygomatic suture was greater in female (p = 0.032). The distances between ZFF-zygomaticomaxillary suture and lowest point of zygomatic bone were significantly different between age groups (p = 0.026, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion The findings of the present study indicate that the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) is most frequently located in region c and rarely in region b. Based on this observation, region b may represent a safer zone for surgical interventions in this area. The findings of the present study may help to minimize complications in surgeries and invasive procedures involving the zygoma region in children.
Impact of bruxism on the mandibular angle and condylar structures: A panoramic radiographic assessment
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Artaş, Aslıhan; Aslan Öztürk, Elif Meltem
Objectives The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate morphologic changes in the mandibular angle and condylar region, assess the mandibular cortical index (MCI), and analyze the relationships between these parameters in bruxers and non-bruxers using panoramic radiographs. Methods A total of 182 patients (364 mandibular condyle and angle), 91 bruxers and 91 non-bruxers (controls), aged between 18 and 35, were participated in this study. Three hundred sixty four mandibular angles were classifed as G0, G1, G2, G3 in terms of bone apposition and direction change. In addition, osseous changes in the mandibular condyle were determined and the endoestal edge of the basal cortex was evaluated according to the MCI classifcation. Parameters were analyzed using the Pearson’s Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact test. A p value<0.05 was considered signifcant. Result MCI class C1, G0 class, and normal condyle type were found to be signifcantly more common in the non-bruxist group than in the bruxist group (p<0.001, p=0.025, p=0.006, respectively). It was determined that deformity and MCI-C2 class were more common in the bruxist group (p=0.006, p<0.001). Morphologic changes in the endosteal margin of the cortex and in the condylar region were observed more frequently in bruxist individuals. Conclusion For a general overview of the probable presence of bruxism, osseous changes in the mandibular condyle, and MCI can be used as auxiliary diagnostic markers.
Surgical anatomy of the distal part of the dorsal scapular nerve with a focus on the triple-tendon transfer
(Wiley, 2025) Çelikgün, Beyza; Gayretli, Özcan; Gürses, İlke Ali; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Aysin
Introduction: A review of the literature shows that most studies of the dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) have focused on morphological evaluation of the proximal part of the nerve. Morphometric studies contributing to clinical applications are limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the topographic and morphometric anatomy of the distal part of the DSN. Methods: 13 cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, were examined bilaterally. DSN dissection was performed on the anterior surface of the levator scapulae and rhomboids, and the distance to the medial border of the scapula (MBS) was recorded at different levels. The insertion lengths of the levator scapulae and rhomboids were also measured. Results: Two types of DSN were observed according to the level of termination in the muscle. Contrary to its classical course, the nerve ran laterally to the MBS on the four sides. The shortest distance between the nerve and the MBS was at the level of the superior border of the rhomboid minor (4.46 ± 9.88 mm). The insertion lengths of the levator scapulae and rhomboids according to gender and the insertion length of the rhomboid minor according to the level of termination in the muscle were significant. Discussion: We have obtained results that may be useful during Eden–Lange tendon transfer. The DSN is not always located medial to the MBS, it may be located lateral to it. To avoid nerve damage, we believe it is important to identify the nerve on the anterior surface of the muscles for a successful surgery.

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