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Microwave-assisted synthesis of antimony oxide nanoparticles for the determination of trace cadmium in mulberry leaf tea matrices by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
(Springer, 2024) İnce, Merve Nur; Serbest, Hakan; Bakırdere, Sezgin
In this study, a rapid, sensitive and accurate analytical method was optimized for the determination of trace levels of cadmium (Cd) by fame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) after antimony oxide nanoparticles (AO NPs)-based dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE). The AO-NPs were synthesized with a specifc microwave tem perature program, and they exhibited high purity and good surface morphology, making them appropriate sorbent material for the preconcentration/separation of a heavy metal. All experimental parameters afecting the extraction efciency were optimized univariately. Under the optimum operational conditions (35 mL sample volume, 0.75 mL of pH 8.0 bufer, 15 mg of sorbent, 5 s vortex and 100 µL of 1.0 M of HNO3), the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were determined as 0.27 and 0.89 µg L−1, respectively. Thanks to the developed method, a 164.8-fold improvement in the sensitivity of the conventional FAAS system was achieved. Reusability tests showed that the AO-NPs can be employed 5 times. The feasibility of the method was confrmed by recovery tests with mul berry leaf tea matrices, and good recovery results between 77.6 and 115.8% were obtained using the matrix matching calibration method.
Effect of test parameters on the recovery of underground after a Thermal Response Test and optimum waiting time between tests
(Elsevier, 2025) Aydın, Murat; Gültekin, Ahmet
Thermal Response Test (TRT) is an important method to determine the thermal properties of underground. These tests can be interrupted by unexpected reasons and a new test must be started in the same borehole, or the test must be repeated because of various reasons. In this paper, optimum waiting duration for a second test after a completed TRT is investigated through analyzing thermal behavior of a borehole during and after the test. A computational model is built, and it is verified with an experimental test. After the verification, the numerical model is used further parametric investigations. Different cases are considered and the results are discussed. The effect of thermal conductivity and test duration on the minimum waiting times are also investigated. It is shown that optimum waiting duration depends highly on the test conditions, however it varies between 10 and 23 days.
Labiaplasty revision surgery with using clitoral hood flap: A case-cohort study
(Springer, 2024) Şahin, Eda Adeviye; Ağlamış, Özgür; Şahin, Hanifi; Ozan Şahin, Elif; Yılmaz Ergani, Seval
Background: The demand for labia minora reduction surgery has increased due to aesthetic preferences and discomfort caused by labial hypertrophy. This study aims to share experiences with labial reconstruction using clitoral hood flaps in patients who underwent aggressive trim labiaplasty. Methods: Twenty-eight patients who had previously undergone only labiaplasty surgery were included in this study. Surgical techniques focused on preserving blood supply and achieving symmetry. Postoperative care included hospitalization, wound care training, and regular follow-up visits. Complications were monitored and managed as needed. Results: All 28 patients, comprising 23 bilateral and 5 unilateral labiaplasty cases, underwent revision surgery using 49 clitoral hood flaps. Complications occurred in 6 cases, including suture dehiscence, flap necrosis, and infection, all of which were effectively managed. All flaps maintained their viability, and high patient satisfaction was reported. Conclusion: Clitoral hood flap reconstruction following aggressive trim labiaplasty is a viable technique with minimal complications and high patient satisfaction. Further multicenter, long-term studies are necessary to validate these findings and improve surgical outcomes. Level of evidence iii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Distribution of branches of anterior choroidal artery in the uncus: An anatomical study
(Springer, 2024) Kaçur, İdil; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Nas, Emine; Şahan, Orhun; Kale, Ayşin; Çakır, Halit; Coşkun, Osman; Gayretli, Özcan
The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between uncus and uncal branches of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and to observe the morphological and morphometric features of these branches. 124 hemispheres from 62 fresh cadavers were included in the study. Measurement of the length of AChA and the distances of the uncal branches to the origin of AChA were measured by ImageJ software. Morphological variations of uncal branches originating from AChA were observed. The length of AChA was found as mean 26.24 ± 4.34 mm. It was determined that the average distance of these uncal branches arising from the AChA was 13.48 ± 7.31 mm. In 4 out of 124 AChAs, no branches were observed. 594 branches originating from 120 were detected. 130/594 branches appeared to be terminal branches. AChAs of 80/120 hemispheres have been reported to have uncal branches. Thirty of 130 uncal branches were observed to originate as the first branch of AChA. It was found that uncal branches may originate from AChA with a variability between 1 and 4. When evaluated according to the origin of each branch from the AChA, it was observed that the uncal branches originated from the midpoint of the AChA on average. Also, in 64 hemispheres, morophological variations were detected regarding the origin of uncal branches. We believe that the morphological and morphometric data we obtained from the uncal branches of the AChA are of clinical importance in terms of understanding this complex region and minimizing errors in surgical procedures.
RNA splicing aberrations in hereditary cancer: Insights from Turkish patients
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Kılıç, Seda; Şükrüoğlu Erdoğan, Özge; Tuncer, Şeref Buğra; Çelik Demirbaş, Betül; Yalnız Kayım, Zübeyde; Yazıcı, Hülya
The process of RNA splicing is fundamental in contributing to proteomic diversity and regulating gene expression. Dysregulation of splicing is associated with various human disorders, including cancer. Through functional studies, this study sought to examine the potential impact of seven variants within six inherited cancer-related genes on RNA splicing patterns in Turkish cancer patients. Upon detecting variants using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we used Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing to elucidate the effects of these variants on splicing. Three of the seven variants demonstrated no discernible effect on RNA, while four exhibited pathogenic characteristics. Specifically, the variants APC c.532-1G>A rs1554072547, BRCA1c.4358-3A>G rs1567779966, BRCA2c.7436-1G>C rs81002830 and MSH3c.1897- 1G>A rs1744149615 were identified as pathogenic, while the variants BLMc.4076+4T>G rs183176301, RB1c.2489+2T>C rs1555294636 and RB1c.1050-2A>G rs? were found to be benign from a splicing perspective. These findings highlight the importance of verifying the precise consequences of splice site variants through experimental analysis, given their potential implications for genetic disorders and cancer predisposition. This research contributes to the understanding of splice-site variants in inherited cancer predisposition, particularly among Turkish cancer patients. It emphasizes the necessity for further exploration into the mechanisms and functional consequences of alternative splicing for potential therapeutic interventions in cancer.
Autologous ovarian tissue transplantation: Preoperative assessment and preparation of the patient
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2024) Turan, Volkan; Öktem, Özgür
Importance: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is an innovative and established fertility preservation method. More than 150 live births have been reported worldwide to date with the use of this strategy. OTC is one of the options to preserve fertility in prepubertal girls and for women who have time constraints and/or contraindications for ovarian stimulation for oocyte/embryo freezing before cancer treatment. The success rate of the ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) depends on many interrelated factors. Therefore, preoperative evaluation and preparation of the candidate patients for the procedure are of paramount importance. Objective: In this review, our aim was to provide a guide for the clinicians, which demonstrates step-by-step assessment and preparation of the patients and ovarian tissue samples for transplantation. Evidence Acquisition: We searched for published articles in the PubMed database containing key words, such as OTT, OTC, preoperative assessment, primordial follicle density, and cancer, in the English-language literature until May 2024. We did not include abstracts or conference proceedings. Results: OTT is still a developing method as an effective fertility preservation approach. It is essential to perform a thorough preoperative evaluation of the patient to improve the success rates of transplantation. Conclusions and Relevance: Preoperative evaluation and preparation of women for ovarian transplantation surgery should include safety management to prevent reimplantation of malignant cells, transplanting ovarian tissue with minimum follicle loss and the decision of the best transfer site.
Non‑cirrhotic portal fbrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension: APASL recommendations for diagnosis and management
(Springer Nature, 2024) Shukla, Akash; Rockey, Don C.; Kamath, Patrick S.; Kleiner, David E.; Singh, Ankita; Vaidya, Arun; Koshy, Abraham; Goel, Ashish; Dökmeci, A. Kadir; Meena, Babulal; Philips, Cyriac Abby; Sharma, Chhagan Bihari; Örmeci, Necati; Sarin, Shiv Kumar
Since the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) published guidelines on non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension in 2007, there has been a surge in new information, especially with the introduction of the term porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD). Non-cirrhotic intra-hepatic causes of portal hypertension include disorders with a clearly identifiable etiology, such as schistosomiasis, as well as disorders with an unclear etiology such as non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), also termed idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). This entity is being increasingly recognized as being associated with systemic disease and drug therapy, especially cancer therapy. An international working group with extensive expertise in portal hypertension was assigned with formulating consensus guidelines to clarify the definition, diagnosis, histological features, natural history, and management of NCPF/IPH, especially in the context of PSVD. The guidelines were prepared based on evidence from existing published literature. Whenever there was paucity of evidence, expert opinion was included after detailed deliberation. The goal of this manuscript, therefore, is to enhance the current understanding and help create global consensus on the issues surrounding NCPF/IPH.
Comparison of the effects of four laser wavelengths on Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in a murine model: An in vivo photobiomodulation study
(Ivyspring International Publisher, 2024) Ayhan, Mustafa; Gedik, Betül; Kalelioğlu, Ekrem Emir; Kundakçıoğlu, Abdulsamet; Küçükgergin, Canan; Turgut, Cevat Tuğrul; Kocaelli, Hümeyra; Alatlı, Fatma Canan; İşsever, Halim; Ademoğlu, Evin; Yaltırık, Mehmet
Background: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of lasers at various wavelengths in treating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using biochemical, clinical scoring, micro CT analysis, and histopathological methods. The study follows the ARRIVE guidelines to ensure robust and transparent research. Methods: In our study, there were 6 groups, including one SHAM group, one CONTROL group, and four experimental groups, with 8 rats in each individual group. Each rat received antiresorptive drug intraperitoneally for 4 weeks and then had the left second molar in the mandible extracted. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the 12th week. In the experimental groups, lasers at wavelengths of 405nm, 445nm, 660nm, and 808nm were applied to the animals. Parameters such as serum vitamin D levels, bone density and bone volume at the extraction site, new bone formation, dead bone count, inflammatory cell count, and epithelial regeneration were examined. Additionally, clinical scoring was conducted after sacrifice. The laser parameters included power density, area, time, fluence, and mode (continuous wave), and the light was administered using a fiber with a Gaussian profile. Statistical analyses were performed with the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) package program. The results were evaluated at the p<0.05 significance level. Results: According to the results obtained from our study, new bone formation in all experimental groups was significantly higher than in the SHAM and CONTROL groups. Furthermore, the 660nm and 808nm wavelengths increased serum vitamin D levels significantly. The most successful outcomes were observed in clinical scoring, dead bone count, epithelial cell regeneration, and bone density in the 660nm and 808nm wavelength groups. Conclusions: The combined use of lasers at 660nm and 808nm wavelengths may yield successful results in treating MRONJ.
The effect of rapamycin treatment on mouse ovarian follicle development in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model
(Zygote, 2024) Yıldırım, Ecem; Önel, Tuğçe; Aguş, Sami; Günalan, Elif; Yılmaz, Bayram; Aydın, Mehmet Şerif; Yaba, Aylin
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive and endocrine disorder affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age, but the pathophysiology of PCOS still remains unknown. Here, the aim of our study was to analyze the effects of rapamycin treatment that may regulate impaired hormonal levels and folliculogenesis in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-treated PCOS mouse. We hypothesized that rapamycin may ameliorate the negative effects of PCOS in DHEA-induced PCOS mouse model. The target of rapamycin (TOR) gene product is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth, proliferation and autophagy, and rapamycin is a potent inhibitor of mTORC1 pathway. In this study, for the first time, mTORC1 and activation products are presented at protein and mRNA levels after rapamycin treatment in DHEA-induced PCOS mouse ovary. We showed that rapamycin treatment may regulate follicular development, hormonal levels and provide ovulation in DHEA-induced PCOS mouse. Additionally, we assessed decreased primordial follicle reserve, increased number of primary and secondary follicles, corpus luteum structure forms again after 10 days of rapamycin treatment. This study presented here suggests rapamycin treatment regulates hormonal phenotype and folliculogenesis in the ovary and also mTOR signalling pathway in granulosa cells of DHEA-induced PCOS mouse ovary which may have potential to attenuate understanding the mechanism of dominant follicle selection and anovulatory infertility.
Perceived social support and depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women diagnosed with foetal anomaly
(John Wiley & Sons, 2024) Mecdi Kaydırak, Meltem; Balkan, Elif; Bacak, Nilgül; Kızoğlu, Filiz
Aim: To examine the relationship between perceived social support level and depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women diagnosed with foetal anomaly. Design/Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in an advanced prenatal evaluation unit of a university hospital between December 2021 and May 2022. The study data collected from 131 pregnant women through a personal information form, depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-42) and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Results: Most of the pregnant women were in the second trimester of pregnancy, and more than half had been advised by a healthcare professional to terminate their pregnancy. Overall, the pregnant women reported moderate levels of social support, while their depression, anxiety and stress levels varied. There was a weak negative correlation between perceived social support from family, friends and multidimensional sources with stress, but the effect rate was low. Conclusion: Most pregnant women diagnosed with foetal anomaly have normal levels of depression, stress and anxiety. There is a weak negative correlation between perceived social support and stress, with family and friend support affecting stress levels at a low rate. Professional support should be provided, and both the woman's mental health and social support mechanisms must be evaluated. Impact: This study highlights the importance of social support in managing stress among pregnant women with foetal anomalies. While most women had normal levels of depression, anxiety and stress, increased social support from family and friends was shown to reduce stress. The findings underscore the need for healthcare professionals to assess and strengthen mental health and social support systems in this vulnerable population, informing interventions to improve psychosocial outcomes. Reporting Method: This descriptive and correlational study adhered to the CONSORT guidelines for reporting non-randomised trials. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.
Characterizing the amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and optimizing the passage number for targeted applications
(Faculty Of Veterinary Science, University Of Agriculture, 2024) Dikmen, Tayfun; Erdoǧan, Metin; Altunbaş, Korhan
Mesenchymal stem cells are considered potent sources that can be used for tissue regeneration and treatment of various diseases and syndromes. Among the mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells come forward as they possess some pluripotent properties and there are no serious ethical concerns upon their derivation. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the nature of amniotic fluid stem cells is important. Although it is known that stem cells show slightly different characteristics between passages, scientists often consider only cell numbers and the proliferation pattern of the cells when deciding the passage to use in their studies. In this study, it was aimed to characterize rat amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for their mesenchymal and pluripotent features and make inter-passage comparisons by real-time qPCR to reveal their distinctions between different passages, and eventually help decide the appropriate passage numbers to be used in future research. The outcomes of the study showed that using rat amniotic fluid-derived stem cells at P5 could be beneficial for mesodermal differentiation studies and using them in earlier passages may be more favorable for the studies requiring better ectodermal differentiation properties.
Investigating leptin gene variants and methylation status in relation to breastfeeding and preventing obesity
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Kılıç, Ayşe; Pehlivan, Sacide; Varkal, Mehmet Ali; Tuncel, Fatima Ceren; Kandemir, İbrahim; Özçetin, Mustafa; Poyrazoğlu, Şükran; Kardelen, Aslı Derya; Özdemir, İrem; Yıldız, İsmail
Objective: We investigated whether the results of leptin gene (LEP) 2548G/A (rs7799039) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) 668 A/G (rs1137101) variants, as well as the methylation analysis of CpG regions at nucleotides −31 and −51 of the LEP gene, showed any differences between breastfed and non-breastfed children in this study. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included 100 children aged 2–5 years who were attending nursery and kindergarten and had been accepted to the Department of General Paediatrics. Infants who were exclusively breastfed for the first six months after birth constituted the study group, and those who were not only breastfeed constituted the control group. Methylation percentages at CpG islands of the LEP gene were compared between exclusively breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed infants, and the statistical significance was analyzed by looking for changes in LEP −31 and −51 nt methylation and LEP 2548G/A ve LEPR 668 A/G variants. Results: Both groups were compared by feeding, and the association of LEPR and LEP gene polymorphisms and −51 nt and −31 nt methylations were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding genotype and allele frequency for the LEPR 668 A/G, LEP 2548 G/A gene variant, −31 nt methylation, and −51 nt methylation status. Similarly, there was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequency for the LEPR 668 A/G gene variant in terms of duration of exclusive breastfeeding, total breastfeeding, body mass index, family obesity, and satiety status. However, maternal support from family elders and physical activity increased the 51 nt methylation, but this methylation was not significantly affected by BMI, age, or satiety status. Conclusions: Maternal support from family elders and physical activity were associated with increased 51 nt methylation, but this methylation was not significantly affected by BMI, age, or satiety status. However, there are not enough studies in this area to reach a definitive conclusion, and further research is needed.
Effect of obesity and NAFLD on leukocyte telomere length and hTERT gene MNS16A VNTR variant
(Springer Nature, 2024) Kandemir, İbrahim; Yetim Şahin, Aylin; Oyacı, Yasemin; Khudiyeva, Shahri; Şahin, Memduh; Aksakal, Melike Tuğrul; Pehlivan, Mustafa; Baş, Firdevs; Pehlivan, Sacide
It is known that telomere length (TL) (evaluated with T/S ratio) is shortened in the presence of obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate how obesity in adolescents and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) within the obese group affect TL and the clinical significance of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene MNS16A VNTR variant in terms of NAFLD. Adolescents with exogenous obesity and healthy controls (aged 10-19 years) who applied to our adolescent outpatient clinic between May-October 2023 were included in this study. We performed upper abdominal ultrasonography to investigate the presence of NAFLD in adolescents with obesity and divided into two groups: those without hepatosteatosis (obese NAFLD (-)) and those with hepatosteatosis (obese NAFLD (+)). We recorded body weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure measurements and measured the T/S ratio (telomere sequence copy number/gene single copy number) by the Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The groups were compared using frequentist and Bayesian methods. Eighty-three obese adolescents [63 NAFLD(+) 20 NAFLD(-)] and 69 lean controls were included in the study. Pairwise comparisons revealed that T/S ratio was significantly lower in the obese NAFLD (-) group than the obese NAFLD (+) and the control group (p = 0.025, p = 0.007, respectively). T/S ratio was lower in the LL allele group than in the other alleles (p = 0.022) and slightly higher in the obese group with metabolic syndrome compared to the obese group without metabolic syndrome (p = 0.072). hTERT-MNS16A-VNTR gene variant LL allele had a negative correlation with T/S ratio among the obese adolescent group. Patients with LL alleles had higher ALT, GGT, HOMA-IR, and ALT/AST. Diastolic blood pressure had a significant correlation with the T/S ratio. The T/S ratio was shorter in the obese adolescent group compared to healthy ones but was higher in the NAFLD (+) obese compared to the NAFLD (-) obese. ALT level and ALT/AST ratio were higher, T/S ratio was lower in the hTERT MNS16A VNTR variant LL allele group among obese adolescents. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the T/S ratio and diastolic blood pressure in obese adolescents.
Magnetic micro solid-phase extraction for a novel UHPLC-DAD method for the determination of atomoxetine (ATX) in breast milk and human plasma
(Academia Română, 2024) Ceylan, Burhan; Kurnaz Yetim, Nurdan; Özcan, Cemile; Koç, Mümin Mehmet; Önal, Cem
Atomoxetine is a special pharmaceutics used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It finds application in various age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatographic technique (UHPLC) is an exceptional technique and provides swift, uncomplicated, and highly sensitive results. Such a technique has been formulated to analyse atomoxetine levels in both breast milk and human plasma. Magnetic micro solid phase extraction is simple, rapid, efficient, and precise method which was applied prior to chromatographic separation. In this method, magnetic adsorbents in the form of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were employed, and the adsorption process underwent optimization. Chromatographic separation was carried out using a reversed-phase C18 analytical column (5 μm × 4.6 mm × 150 mm) with a mobile phase composed of monobasic potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH=6.8) and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v). The flow rate was set at 0.8 mL/min, and investigation was performed using DAD at 215±2 nm. The method's linearity was evaluated within the range of 0.5–20 μg/mL, achieving a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. Validation of the method encompassed accuracy, reproducibility, precision, robustness, specificity, quantification limits, and detection limits, adhering to EMA guidelines. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.03, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.11 μg/mL for both matrices. Interday and intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) values were determined to be below 2.5% for both assays. The suggested method is deemed to be a useful candidate for the conventional quantification of atomoxetine in human spiked breast milk and plasma.
Modifying the refuse chute design to prevent infection spread: Engineering analysis and optimization
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Tanrıver, Kürşat; Ay, Mustafa
Considering the presence of airborne viruses, there is a need for renovation in refuse chutes, regarded as the first step in recycling household waste in buildings. This study aimed to revise the design of existing refuse chutes in light of the challenging experiences in waste management and public health during the coronavirus pandemic. This research primarily focused on the risks posed by various types of coronaviruses, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and acute respiratory syndrome (SARS and SARS-CoV), on stainless steel surfaces, with evidence of their survival under certain conditions. Refuse chutes are manufactured from stainless steel to resist the corrosive effects of waste. In examining the existing studies, it was observed that Casanova et al. and Chowdhury et al. found that the survival time of coronaviruses on stainless steel surfaces decreases as the temperature increases. Based on these studies, mechanical revisions have been made to the sanitation system of the refuse chute, thus increasing the washing water temperature. Additionally, through mechanical improvements, an automatic solution spray entry is provided before the intake doors are opened. Furthermore, to understand airflow and clarify flow parameters related to airborne infection transmission on residential floors in buildings equipped with refuse chutes, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted using a sample three-story refuse chute system. Based on the simulation results, a fan motor was integrated into the system to prevent pathogens from affecting users on other floors through airflow. Thus, airborne pathogens were periodically expelled into the atmosphere via a fan shortly before the intake doors were opened, supported by a PLC unit. Additionally, the intake doors were electronically interlocked, ensuring that all other intake doors remained locked while any single door was in use, thereby ensuring user safety. In a sample refuse chute, numerical calculations were performed to evaluate parameters such as the static suitability of the chute body thickness, static compliance of the chute support dimensions, chute diameter, chute thickness, fan airflow rate, ventilation duct diameter, minimum rock wool thickness for human contact safety, and the required number of spare containers. Additionally, a MATLAB code was developed to facilitate these numerical calculations, with values optimized using the Fmincon function. This allowed for the easy calculation of outputs for the new refuse chute systems and enabled the conversion of existing systems, evaluating compatibility with the new design for cost-effective upgrades. This refuse chute design aims to serve as a resource for readers in case of infection risks and contribute to the literature. The new refuse chute design supports the global circular economy (CE) model by enabling waste disinfection under pandemic conditions and ensuring cleaner source separation and collection for recycling. Due to its adaptability to different pandemic conditions including pathogens beyond coronavirus and potential new virus strains, the designed system is intended to contribute to the global health framework. In addition to the health measures described, this study calls for future research on how evolving global health conditions might impact refuse chute design.
The course of the phrenic nerve in the neck region and its relationship with adjacent anatomical structures in the thoracic inlet
(Springer, 2024) Yıldız, Nilay; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, Özcan
Pupose: This study aims to reveal the relationship of the phrenic nerve (PhN) with its neighboring structures in the lower neck region more comprehensively than previous studies and to minimize nerve damage by enabling invasive procedures in this region to be performed with high accuracy. Methods: Forty-one heminecks were evaluated. The relationship between the PhN and the anterior scalene muscle (ASM), internal thoracic artery (ITA), branches of subclavian artery (SA) and subclavian vein (SV) was examined. Results: It was observed that the PhN was located medial to the ASM in all cases. The distances were higher in male cadavers. The PhN was found to enter the thorax lateral to the ITA in 15/41 and medial to it in 25/41 sides. In 17/41 cases, the closest SA branch to the PhN was the thyrocervical trunk (TT) and in 24 cases the ITA. The PhN was located behind the SV in 38 cases and in front of it in 2 cases.The accessory PhN was found in 4/41 sides. There was no significant difference in morphometric findings between genders (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anatomy and variations of the PhN are of great importance in surgical interventions and invasive procedures in the neck region. The study provides important information to reduce the risk of damage to the PhN in surgical procedures. In addition, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the nerve may contribute to more successful results in nerve grafting and other surgical applications.
Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer prevention inAfghanistan: The imperative for an HPV vaccination andscreening program
(Wiley, 2024) Sadat, Rowaida; Saçıntı, Koray Görkem; Topçu, Elif Göknur; Saeed, Saeeda
The critical situation of cervical cancer screening and human papillo-mavirus (HPV) vaccination in Afghanistan demands urgent attention,especially in view of the ongoing political unrest and humanitarianchallenges faced by the country. Recent data underscore the urgentneed for immediate action to address this pressing issue.
Synthesis of new piperazine‐oxadiazole derivatives and investigation of their anticancer activities
(Elsevier, 2025) Uslu, Harun; Göktaş, Bünyamin; Osmaniye, Derya; Levent, Serkan; Peçe Göktaş, Sare; Sağlık Özkan, Begüm Nurpelin; Özkay, Yusuf; Benkli, Kadriye
Since cancer is one of the leading causes of human death, recent research has largely focused on developing multi-target drug designs. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of piperazine-oxadiazole derivatives as aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Their structures were confirmed by 1 C NMR, HRMS and FTIR spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxicity (MTT) was performed to determine the anticancer activity of the compounds as aromatase inhibitors against breast (MCF7), fibroblast (NIH3T3) and lung (A549) cell lines. Letrazol was used as the reference agent, compound 4b exhibited a significant effect among other derivatives with a value of IC H NMR, 50 =2.103±0.088 μ 13 Magainst the MCF7 cell line. Docking study showed that 4b was one of the compounds with the best pose on the aromatase. The docking study showed that 4e was one of the compounds that gave the best pose on EGFR and topoisomerase. When the aromatase, EGFR and topoisomerase docking results were compared, it was concluded that our synthesized compounds may be more effective on the Aromatase macromolecule. From the obtained evaluations of the designed batches, compound 4b appeared to be a promising agent as an aromatase inhibitor for further research and evaluation studies in the future.
A deep feature driven expert system to estimate the postmortem interval from corneal opacity development
(Wiley, 2024) Cantürk, İsmail; Özyılmaz, Lale
Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation remains an unresolved challenge in forensic science, necessitating practical, reliable andmore accurate tools. This study aimed to develop a quantitative PMI estimation tool that effectively meets these needs. Focusingon the postmortem opacity development of the eye as a key marker for determining time since death, we propose an artificialintelligence-based clinical PMI prediction system utilising computer vision, deep learning and machine learning methods. TheAlexNet algorithm was utilised to extract deep features from the postmortem eye images. Extracted features were then processedby machine learning algorithms. For feature selection, Lasso and Relief techniques were employed, while SVM and KNN wereapplied for classifications. The results were validated using the leave- one-subject-out method. The system was tested across dif-ferent postmortem ranges, providing multi-label predictions. The performance was evaluated using various metrics. The deepfeatures exhibited effective performance in grading postmortem opacity development, achieving state-of-the-art results. Theaccuracy scores were 0.96 and 0.97 for 3-h intervals (i.e., 5-class) and 5-h intervals (i.e., 3-class) experiments, respectively. Theexperimental results indicate that the proposed system represents a promising tool for PMI estimation.
Development an effective adsorptive treatment strategy for the removal of cadmium from textile wastewater by CuBi2O4@Fe3O4 nanocomposites
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Büyük, Muhammed Ali; Serbest, Hakan; Dalgıç Bozyiğit, Gamze; Bakırdere, Sezgin
In this study, copper-bismuth oxide/iron oxide (CuBi2O4@Fe3O4) nanocomposites were pre-pared by microwave-assisted synthesis and used as adsorbents for the adsorptive removalof cadmium from textile wastewater. The pH/volume of buffer solution, mixing type/periodand adsorbent dosage were optimized univariately to enhance the removal efficiency of theadsorbent and determined as 1.5 mL of pH 8.0 buffer solution, vortexing for 60s, and 30 mgof CuBi2O4@Fe3O4 nanocomposite material. Following the determination of the optimumparameters, equilibrium adsorption studies were performed at five different initial concentra-tions of cadmium within the range of 0.50 − 10 mg L−1 in textile wastewater. A matrix-matching calibration strategy was utilized for the accurate and precise quantification of cad-mium in the wastewater matrix with a R2 value of 0.9961. The percent removal efficiencieswere calculated within the range of 77.2 − 81.5% for the adsorptive removal of cadmiumions from textile wastewater in the equilibrium adsorption experiments. Furthermore, theLangmuir, Freundlich, and Sips adsorption isotherm models were employed for modelingthe equilibrium data, and the results showed that all the models fitted well with the experi-mental data with R2 values higher than 0.99. The simple and efficient batch adsorption pro-cess developed was successfully utilized to remove cadmium ions from textile wastewater.

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