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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/7

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Investigation of the association between nitric oxide synthase gene variants and NAFLD in adolescents with obesity
(De Gruyter, 2025) Hasanoğlu Sayın, Sevde; Kandemir, İbrahim; Oyacı, Yasemin; Khudiyeva, Shahri; Şahin, Memduh; Yetim Şahin, Aylin; Pehlivan, Sacide
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme gene variants (iNOS rs1060826, eNOS rs1799983, eNOS 27-bp VNTR) play a role in the etiopathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with obese adolescents [body mass index (BMI) standard devia tion score (SDS) ≥2] aged 10–19 years (104 individuals) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (64 individuals) whose presence of NAFLD was determined by ultrasound. The iNOS rs1060826 and eNOS rs1799983 variants were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Frag ment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the eNOS 27-bp VNTR variant was analyzed using the PCR method. The genotypes detected were compared between the patient group and the healthy controls and with the clinical parameters of the patients. Results: iNOS rs1060826 and eNOS rs1799983 were inde pendent of obesity, whereas eNOS 27-bp VNTR was inde pendent of NAFLD. However, in the obese group, especially in those with NAFLD (+), the iNOS rs1060826 GG genotype was found to be associated with lower diastolic blood pres sure (DBP) (p=0.011). Compared with the clinical parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in those carrying the eNOS rs1799983 gene variant-TT genotype in the NAFLD (+) group (p=0.051). Conclusions: While the three functional gene variants of the NOS enzyme did not show a significant difference in terms of genotype between patients and healthy controls, it was determined that both the iNOS rs1060826 gene variant GG allele was associated with low DBP and HOMA-IR may be higher in those carrying the eNOS rs1799983 gene variant TT genotype in NAFLD (+) patients. The iNOS rs1060826 poly morphism is a potentially important genetic variant that may influence DBP regulation through its effects on nitric oxide production.
A randomised clinical trial to evaluate a digital therapeutic (TH-001) for improving glycaemic control in adults with prediabetes
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Çakmak, Ramazan; Tosun, İlker; Avcu, Hasan; Birer, Gürkan Caner; Akgül, Özer; Saini, Kamal S.; Carnell, Jonathan; Kutlu, Orkide
Background and Aims: Prediabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels below diabetes diagnostic thresh olds, presents a significant global health challenge due to high prevalence and associated risks for developing type 2 dia betes. Traditional diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) often face challenges in scalability and accessibility, particularly in underserved communities. Digital therapeutics (DTx), like TH-001, offer potential scalable solutions requiring clinical val idation. This randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TH-001, a digital therapeutic application, reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among adults with prediabetes over a 90-day intervention period. Methods: 68 eligible adults were randomly assigned to either standard care alone or standard care plus the TH-001 intervention. Primary outcomes measured were glycaemic parameters including HbA1c, fasting glucose, 2-h post-load glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin levels, while secondary outcomes included anthropometric mea sures. User engagement metrics were also assessed. Results: The intervention significantly reduced HbA1c levels (mean difference −0.22%, p = .023) and body weight (−2.53 kg, p < .001) compared to the control group. Although fasting glucose and insulin levels showed positive trends, differences were not statistically significant. User engagement was high, correlating strongly with HbA1c reduction (r = .95, p < .001), demonstrating the critical role of sustained interaction with TH-001. Conclusions: TH-001 demonstrates significant effectiveness in HbA1c reduction and body weight, with strong user engagement suggesting it may effectively overcome traditional barriers of DPPs. Long-term studies are needed to confirm sustained benefits.
Sex specific knee joint soft tissue mineralization with fibrillin-1 mutation in male tight skin mice
(Forum Multimedia Publishing, 2025) Keenan, Craig; Wang, Xia; Dikmen, Tayfun; Wen, Y.; Ramos-Mucci, Lorenzo; Shorter, Emily; Abraham, David; Bou-Gharios, George; Poulet, Blandine
Articular soft tissue mineralization and ossification are clear pathological signs of osteoarthritis (OA) joints. However their molecular and cellular aetiologies remain largely unknown. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family members are known contributors to both pathological ossification and osteoarthritis development. In this study, we used a fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) mutant mouse, the tight skin (TSK) mouse, to define the detrimental effects of abnormal Fbn1 in TSK mice and known high TGF-β activity in joint pathology such as articular soft tissue mineralization and ossification. Methods: Knee joints of male and female TSK and wild-type (WT) littermates were analysed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and histology for articular soft tissue pathologies, as well as OA severity. Both aged (10, 26, 35 and 52 weeks) and following in vivo non-invasive repetitive joint overloading were used. Results: We find that male TSK mice develop spontaneous soft tissue ossification from 26 weeks of age, followed by increased osteoarthritis at 1 year-old. In addition, knee joint overloading induced ligament and meniscal mineralisation and ossification in both WT and TSK male mice, but were significantly more severe in TSK knees, including ossification of the patella ligament and synovial lining. In contrast, female TSK knees did not develop more severe soft tissue mineralisation compared to littermate WT mice in neither aged nor overloaded knees. Conclusions: We conclude that Fbn1 mutation, and possibly overactive TGF-β activity in TSK mice, induce articular soft tissue ossification and osteoarthritis in a sex-specific manner. Further studies are needed to confirm the specific signalling involved and the relative protection from female mice from such pathologies.
Differential expression of erythrocyte proteins in patients with alcohol use disorder
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Boşgelmez, İffet İpek; Güvendik, Gülin; Dilbaz, Nesrin; Esen, Metin
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) poses global health challenges, and causes hematological alterations such as macrocytosis and oxidative stress. Disruption of protein structures by alcohol and/or its metabolites may exacerbate AUDs; proteomics can elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms. This study examined the proteins differentially ex pressed in the cytosol and membrane fractions of erythrocytes obtained from 30 male patients with AUD, comparing them to samples from 15 age- and BMI-matched social drinkers (SDs) and 15 non-drinkers (control). The analysis aimed to identify the molecular differences related to alcohol consumption. The AUD patient subgrouping was based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with 16 individuals classified as having a normal MCV and 14 having a high MCV. Proteins were separated via two-dimensional(2D)-gel electrophoresis, digested with trypsin, and identified via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorp tion/Ionization Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Additionally, levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + HAE), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), disialotransferrin (%DST), and sialic acid (SA) were analyzed. The results showed increased MDA + HAE and decreased total thiols in AUD patients, with GSSG elevated and the GSH/GSSG ratio reduced in the AUD MCV-high subgroup. Serum %CDT, %DST, and SA were significantly higher in AUD. Compared to the control profiles, the AUD group exhibited differential protein expression. Few proteins, such as bisphosphoglycerate mu tase, were downregulated in AUD versus control and SD, as well as in the MCV-high AUD subgroup. Conversely, endoplasmin and gelsolin were upregulated in AUD relative to control. Cytoskeletal proteins, including spectrin-alpha chain, actin cytoplasmic 2, were overexpressed in the AUD group and MCV-high AUD subgroup. Several proteins, such as 14-3-3 isoforms, alpha-synuclein, translation initiation factors, heat shock proteins, and others, were upregulated in the MCV-high AUD subgroup. Under-expressed proteins in this subgroup include band 3 anion transport protein, bisphosphoglycerate mutase, tropomyosin alpha-3 chain, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and WD repeat-containing protein 1. Our findings highlight the specific changes in protein expression associated with oxidative stress, cytoskeletal alterations, and metabolic dysregulation, specifically in AUD patients with an elevated MCV. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions and identifying biomarkers of alcohol-induced cellular damage. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, membrane composition, and cellular function illustrates how chronic alcohol exposure affects cellular physiology.
Evaluation of pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of lasers
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Arat Maden, Eda; Tırnaksız Müftüoğlu, Mine; Özen, Buğra; Altun, Ceyhan
This study aims to evaluate pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices regarding the use of laser tech nology. Additionally, it seeks to identify educational needs to support the accurate and effective implementation of laser applications in pediatric dentistry. The study received ethical approval from the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Com mittee of ………….University. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via email and social media. A total of 233 volunteer pediatric dentists participated in the survey, which included 26 questions across five sections: sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitudes, clinical practices regarding laser use in pediatric dentistry, and laser-related training. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained at the beginning of the survey. The results of the study showed that 85.8% of pediatric dentists were knowledgeable about the use of lasers in pediatric dentistry. How ever, this knowledge was not fully reflected in clinical practice. It was found that only 35.2% of pediatric dentists had performed laser-assisted procedures. Among these, the most frequently performed procedures were frenectomy (73.2%) and the exposure of unerupted teeth (64.6%). Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher among dentists aged 41–50 and those with more than 20 years of professional experience (p<0.05). 73.8% of the participants stated that laser education should be integrated into pediatric dentistry training programs.There are variations in pediatric dentists’ knowledge and clinical practices regarding the use of lasers. To ensure the safe and effective use of this technology, edu cational opportunities need to be improved.
Dermoscopy-guided surveillance in xeroderma pigmentosum: A retrospective analysis
(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Oraloğlu, Göktürk; Duman, Nilay; Yaman, Banu; Akalın, Taner; Karaarslan, Işıl
Aim: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a life-threatening disease characterized by high rates of skin cancers. Therefore, it is important to establish key guidelines for the follow-up of these patients to detect skin cancers, particularly melanoma, at an early stage. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study that includes the analysis of the follow-up findings and medical records of XP patients who were followed up with whole-body skin examination, dermoscopic examination, and whole-body photographing between 2003 and 2021 in the Dermato Oncology unit of Ege University Department of Dermatology. Results: Of the 19 patients, 10 were male and 9 were female. The youngest patient was 5 years old, while the oldest patient was 64 years old. A total of 234 lesions were excised from these patients. Seventeen melanomas were excised, including 11 in situ, with a Breslow thickness of less than 1 mm. The highest Breslow scores belong to patients who missed their appointments or did not receive follow-up care previously. Conclusion: It was observed that regular full-body skin examinations, whole-body photography, and dermoscopic monitoring performed at 3-month intervals in XP patients are helpful in detecting skin malignancies at an early stage and preventing unnecessary excisions.
Anatomical investigation of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the distribution pattern of oculomotor nerve
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Gayretli, Özcan; Özbilen, Kemal Turgay; Önal, Vildan; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the morphological features of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (LPS) and the variations in the distribution of the oculomotor nerve in the muscle. Methods 100 bilateral orbits from 50 cadavers were included in our study. In our study, the medial, lateral, and middle length, width, and thickness of the LPS were measured from 3 different points and recorded. In addition, the number of branches of the oculomotor nerve entering the LPS muscle was calculated. Results The medial, lateral, and middle length of LPS were 34.85±5.30 mm, 34.62±5.67 mm, 35.77±5.31 mm on the right side and 33.66±4.74 mm, 33.81±4.83 mm, 34.54±5.14 mm on the left side, respectively. The width of the muscle was seen to expand from proximally to distally. It was noted that the middle 1/3 thickness of the LPS was the thickest part of the muscle compared to the other parts. A total of 239 oculomotor branches entered the LPS. The middle 1/3 of the LPS was reached by 151 oculomotor nerve branches. It was noted that the largest number of oculomotor nerves entered the middle 1/3 part of LPS. Conclusion The morphometric and morphological findings of LPS and branches of the oculomotor nerve may be useful in surgical planning for the LPS and levator aponeurosis and in preventing complications during surgical interventions.
Energy and exergy analysis of a cycle‑skipping strategy in an HCCI engine fueled with natural gas
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Atak, Nisa Nur; Tunçer, Erdal; Doğan, Battal; Ünal, Kenan
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have attracted considerable interest due to its incorporation of features from both gasoline and diesel engines. In this study, the effects of cycle-skipping strategies on engine perfor mance, efficiency, and emissions in a natural gas-fired HCCI engine were investigated experimentally. Experiments were conducted under constant engine speed, at 25, 50, and 75% load levels, in the Normal, 3 Normal-1 Skip (3N1S), 2 Normal-1 Skip (2N1S), and 1 Normal-1 Skip (1N1S) cycle modes. Emissions, fuel consumption, energy–exergy flow, thermal losses, irreversibilities, entropy generation, thermal, and exergy efficiencies were calculated based on the experimental data. Under 50% engine load, the NOx emission in the 3N1S operating mode was measured at 1594 ppm, whereas it increased by 52.5% to 2431 ppm in the 2N1S mode. The correlation between cycle-skipping tactics and thermal efficiency was determined to be contingent upon engine load. In Normal and 3N1S modes, thermal efficiency generally improves with elevated engine loads, while the 2N1S and 1N1S modes provide superior performance at low to medium loads. At a constant 50% load, heat effi ciency in the 2N1S mode increased by 7.84% to reach 28.34% compared to the Normal mode. Additionally, thermodynamic analyses revealed that the 1N1S mode has the lowest entropy generation and the least irreversibility, at 0.021 kW/K. These results demonstrate that cycle-skipping strategies can be an effective tool for optimizing engine performance based on load.
Investigation of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using zinc oxide-supported chitosan hydrogel beads
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Kaba, İbrahim; Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Kılıç, Behris
In this study, chitosan-based ZnO supported hydrogels (CZ–H) were synthesized to evaluatetheir photocatalytic degradation performance against methyl orange (MO) dye. The compos-ite hydrogels were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis DRS, ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier TransformInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These characterization results confirmed the successful forma-tion of the CZ–H composite structure. The band gap of the composite was approximately2.77 eV, supporting enhanced photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic experiments showedthat CZ–H removed 74% of MO within 60 min, compared to 42% for pure chitosan beads,with reaction rate constants of 0.0237 min−1 and 0.0113 min−1, respectively. Moreover, theCZ–H beads demonstrated good reusability with minimal loss in efficiency over multiplecycles. These findings highlight the potential of CZ–H as a stable, effective, and reusablephotocatalyst for the efficient removal of dyes from wastewater.
Harnessing GPT technology for clinical decision support in retinal detachment
(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Ağın, Abdullah; Öztürk, Yücel; Kıvrak, Ulviye
Aim: Considering the increasing incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, it is crucial to comprehend the advantages and constraints of these technologies within ophthalmologic settings for their secure and efficient clinical utilization. This study aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy of three leading Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) -based platforms in providing clinical decision-support for retinal detachment (RD). Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between April 2024 and May 2024. Fifty questions were created based on the American Academy of Ophthalmology “Retina Book”, specifically targeting RD. The answers were produced by three different platforms and assessed by three independent reviewers who used Likert scales to evaluate their comprehensiveness and accuracy. Six readability metrics, including the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), average words per sentence, average syllables per word, total sentence count, and total word count, were assessed. Results: Gemini earned the most outstanding results for comprehensiveness (4.11±0.72) and accuracy (1.49±0.61), followed by ChatGPT and Copilot. ChatGPT had superior readability metrics, achieving an FKGL of 15.62±2.85 and a FRES of 62.54±12.34, establishing it as the most accessible platform. ChatGPT demonstrated significantly higher performance compared to other platforms in the metrics of average syllables per word (p=0.0421) and total word count (p=0.0115). At the same time, no significant differences were found among the platforms in the metrics of average words per sentence (p=0.0842) and total sentence count (p=0.1603). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values indicated strong inter-rater agreement for comprehensiveness (ICC >0.74) and moderate to-high agreement for accuracy (ICC >0.56). Conclusion: Gemini’s detailed and accurate responses position it as a robust tool for professional use, while ChatGPT’s superior readability makes it suitable for patient education. These findings emphasize the synergistic advantages of AI platforms in research and development management and show the necessity for hybrid systems that integrate accessibility with accuracy.
Transgenerational effect of nicotine consumption on the TCF7l2 signalling pathway and glucose metabolism
(Wiley, 2025) Citci, İbrahim Halil; Gökmen, Ramazan Can; Çekin, Ayşe; Yeşil, Ege Sevinç; Koylu, Ersin Oğuz; Kanıt, Lutfiye; Gözen, Oğuz; Kosova, Buket
Transgenerational Effect of Nicotine Consumption on the TCF7L2 Signalling Pathway and Glucose Metabolism
Management of acute variceal bleeding: Updated APASL guidelines
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya; Shukla, Akash; Kumar, Ashish; Shalimar; Qi, Xiaolong; Gani, Rino Alvani; Dökmeci, Abdul Kadir; Örmeci, Necati; Sarin, Shiv Kumar
Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension (PHT), having a six-week mortality of 10%-20%. Major advances in the hemodynamic management, risk stratification, pharmacotherapy, endoscopy techniques, hemostatic devices and radiological interventions have led to improved management and outcome of AVB patients in the recent past. Therefore, the APASL Portal Hypertension Working Party, chose a panel of experts, primarily from the Asia–Pacific region, to identify important developments and controversial areas in the field of AVB. They discussed through a pre-defined and structured process, advances in the field and proposed updates to the previous APASL AVB guidelines. These included emphasis on safe transportation, defining time frames for AVB episodes and re-bleeding, reporting of clinical outcomes, optimizing early intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, medical management, endoscopic therapies, and salvage modalities, including TIPS and self-expanding metal stents. The current updates also cover variceal bleeding in special populations and situations, the skill sets required for managing AVB patients, and the research priorities in the field. The updated guidelines are based on the latest evidence and incorporate emerging trends to provide a contemporary template for management of AVB in both patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Palatal donor site management using tissue adhesives with adjunctive coconut oil in a randomized clinical trial
(Springer Nature, 2025) Yılmaz, Melis; Balcı, Nur; Günay, Bestegül; Parlak, Hanife Merva; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Toygar, Hilal; Keçeli, Hüseyin Gencay
Management of the complications occurring in the donor area after epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) harvesting still poses a challenge for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gelatin sponge (GS), cyanoacrylate (CY), and coconut oil (CO) combination in comparison with GS+CY in donor site management. Fifty EGG were harvested from the lateral palate in 50 patients, who were subsequently randomized to receive the GS+CY (control) or GS+CY+CO combination (test). Postoperative pain perception (PP), quantity of analgesics (QA), epithelization level (EL), color match (CM), sensation loss (SL), postoperative discomfort (PD), and delayed bleeding (DB) were evaluated. The GS+CY+CO group showed lower PP scores compared to the GS+CY (p<0.05). The QA intake was similar in both groups. On day 14, the GS+CY+CO group achieved 80% full EL rate, which was higher than the GS+CY group (32%) (p=0.002). CM scores were higher in the GS+CY+CO group at all follow up periods (p<0.001). Both groups reported similar SL, PD, and DB values (p>0.05). GS+CY+CO combination is more effective in reducing pain compared to GS+CO in donor site management after EGG harvesting. Additionally, GS+CY+CO combination may accelerate epithelialization and improve color match compared to GS+CY alone.
Endometrial sampling in the absence of hysteroscopy: Insights from more than 1000 dilatation and curettage cases
(Wiley, 2025) Şentürk, Şenol; Aydın, Gerçek; Can Bayrak, Çiğdem; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Stojković, Marta; Sparic, Radmila; Pecorella, Giovanni; Tinelli, Andrea
Objectives: The aim of this epidemiological study is to present the distribution of histopathological results of endometrial biopsies performed for indications in women and their relationship with symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) assessed by endometrial biopsy between January 2020 and July 2022. Analyzing the distribution and association of patients' demographic traits, biopsy motivations, and histopathologic findings was the main goal of the study. Results: A total of 1216 patients were included in the study, and their average age was 48.48 ± 8.79 years. AUB was found to be the most common reason for biopsy (n= 616; 50.7%). The most common diagnosis among the histologic findings (320; 26.3%) was endometrial polyp. The most common symptoms among individuals with premalignant and malignant diseases were AUB, endometrial thickening, and postmenopausal hemorrhage. Additionally, it was determined that 21 (6.3%) postmenopausal patients had inadequate material. Conclusions: The most common histologic diagnosis from the procedure was endometrial polyp. It is important to make sure that the sample taken includes the entire uterine cavity because postmenopausal women may have insufficient biopsy samples. This is especially true if a hysteroscopy with biopsy cannot be performed (for a variety of reasons). In fact, suspect endometrial cancers should be thoroughly evaluated by hysteroscopy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and atypical uterine bleeding.
Dynamics of the forced thirring instanton with two forcing terms
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Ak, Mine
We consider the dynamical behavior of fermionic instanton solutions of the Thirring Model with two forcing terms. In particular, the study focuses on the effect of the frequency and amplitude of the forcing terms on the behavior of fermionic instanton solutions. Numerical analysis based on the Smaller Alignment Index (SALI) method, Bifurcation Diagram and Permutation Entropy (PE) are used to show how and which dynamical behaviors occur in the system. Color maps and diagrams of the SALI time (St ) (the time St required for the SALI index to below a threshold value of 10−12) and PE of the system with respect to varying of frequency and amplitude values of the forcing terms are plotted comparatively to determine different dynamical behavior of the system. The study shows that fermionic instanton solutions exhibit a wide variety of dynamical behavior due to two forcing terms. Furthermore, it is emphasized that SALI time (St ) can be easily compared with bifurcation diagram and complexity method as a fast, efficient and precise method to investigate different degrees of chaos. In general, the instanton solutions with two forcing terms have been observed to exhibit different type of dynamical behavior. In this study, identical and symmetric coexisting attractors are demonstrated for these different types of behavior of the forced Thirring instanton.
Enhancing the aerodynamic performance of a biomimetic wing with topography optimization
(Springer India, 2025) Çalışkan, Mehmet Erman; Sabırlı, Muhammet Üsame; Oruç, Emre; Karagöz, İrfan
This paper presents the optimization of the external shape of a model wing obtained from samara (maple seed) by means of biomimicry in order to improve its aerodynamic performance. Samaras, winged seeds of maples, have drawn attention in biomimetic design because of their high lift and low drag properties and autorotation capability. This makes them ideal for winged structures, which can operate in a wide range of wind conditions. This study aims to demonstrate that a samara wing can be modified using mathematical modelling, and different surface geometries can be created by making desired changes in the design parameters. Optimization of the topography of a samara wing model is presented using the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The model wing was divided into three regions, and topography optimization was performed in five steps. Intermediate forms and final forms of the model are presented together with the CFD results. The final form of the model provided an aerodynamic performance increase of up to 28% depending on the angle of attack. In addition, as a result of these improvements, the biomimetic wing has simpler design parameters and a more applicable structure. These results suggest that aerodynamic performance can be enhanced by topography study on a biomimetic wing.
The effect of adding hydrogen peroxide to an engine used in unmanned aerial vehicles on fuel consumption, energy, exergy, and sustainability parameters
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Arslan, Ahmet; Doğan, Battal; Vural, Erdinç; Arslan, Ömer
This study explores the use of hydrogen peroxide solution—a novel additive not previously used in UAV engines—to improve the energy efficiency of commercially available unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Different hydrogen peroxide ratios were blended with JP-8 fuel, a common UAV fuel, to boost engine performance and optimise operating conditions. The effects of these fuel blends on engine performance and emissions were thoroughly analysed at various UAV thrust levels (5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg). Energy, exergy, and sustainability assessments were conducted based on the findings. It was found that increasing engine thrust with the same fuel mixture resulted in higher system disorder and entropy production. For instance, at 5 kg thrust with the P20 fuel mixture, entropy generation was 0.046 kW/K, rising to 0.112 kW/K at 25 kg thrust. The study indicates that adding hydrogen peroxide to JP-8 fuel in UAVs decreases energy and exergy efficiencies. Specifically, at 15 kg thrust, JP-8's energy and exergy efficiencies were 18.54% and 17.37%, respectively. These values dropped to 15.50% and 14.59% with the P30 fuel blend. The sustainability index ranged from 1.226 to 1.070 across all fuel types.
Making health out of recycling: The innovative role of hawthorn seed waste in diabetes management
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Savcı, Serap; Kocadağ Kocazorbaz, Ebru; Menfaatli, Esra; Gündeğer, Ersin
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to global population growth and lifestyle changes. One of the key strategies in managing DM is the inhibition of enzymes such as α-glucosidase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), as well as reducing protein glyca tion. In this study, the antidiabetic potential of Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) seeds, which are generally considered agricultural waste, was investigated. Hawthorn seeds were extracted using water, ethanol, and methanol as solvents, and the obtained extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxi dant activity, enzyme inhibitory effects, and antiglycation potential. The methanol extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (53.21±4.69 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity, while the ethanol and methanol extracts showed strong anti glycation effects. The water extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against DPP-IV (IC50: 0.21 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50: 85.23 µg/mL). In silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B1 exhibited strong binding affinities for DPP-IV and α-glucosidase, respectively, and that these complexes were stable. These results suggest that hawthorn seeds, traditionally considered waste, possess significant pharmacological potential and could offer a new, natural, and sustainable therapeutic option for diabetes management. This study serves as an important example for the valorization of biomass and the repurposing of waste materials in the pharmaceutical field.
Thermosonication-assisted fortification of kiwi juice with bee bread: Enhancing nutritional and functional properties through ANFIS-RSM optimization
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Yıkmış, Seydi; Duman Altan, Aylin; Türkol, Melikenur; Tokatlı, Nazlı; Yıldırım Maviş, Çiğdem; Tokatlı Demirok, Nazan; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Karrar, Emad; Aljobair, Moneera O.; Mohamed Ahmed, I. A.
This study investigated the effects of thermosonication on the preservation and enhancement of bioactive components in kiwi juice fortified with bee bread. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were employed to optimize processing parameters by evaluating FRAP, total phenolics, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid levels. Thermosonication significantly enhanced the levels of phenolic compounds (127.97 GAE mg/100 mL) and ascorbic acid (14.89 mg/100 mL), while a reduction in chlorophyll content was observed. The ANFIS model provided more accurate predictions compared to RSM, particularly under optimal processing conditions. Additionally, the thermosonication-treated kiwi juice with bee bread (TS-KJB) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid, and dietary fiber content. The findings demonstrate that thermosonication is an effective and sustainable technique for improving the functional and nutritional properties of bee bread-fortified kiwi juice. This approach offers a promising alternative for the production of additive- and preservative-free functional fruit juices.
Tailoring natural solvents: Deep eutectic approach for recovering bioactives from Prunus Spinosa L.
(Wiley, 2025) Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Falsafi, Seid Reza; Şahin, Selin
In this study, several choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) combinations were prepared at different molarratios (1/1, 1/2, and 2/1) using amine (urea), polyols (ethylene glycol and glycerol), and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, formic acid,propionic acid, and acetic acid). The performances of the DESs in the homogeniser-assisted extraction of Prunus spinosa L.fresh fruit were compared depending on the total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant activity [AA]) yields. Based on the findings of Tukey’s test formultiple comparisons, ChCl/formic acid (2/1) provided the best extraction efficiency with statistically significant differences(p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of the proposed DES. Furthermore, theproposed DES also showed better performance compared to conventional aqueous ethanol (60%, v/v) and water. Then, theselected DES (ChCl/formic acid, 2/1) was employed for the optimization study using the Box-Behnken Design of the responsesurface methodology. The optimum process conditions for the maximum yields of TPC (52.34 mg-GAE/g-FF), TAC (2.09 mg-cyn-3-glu/g-FF), and AA (89.21%) were found to be 50% (v/v) water in the DES, 0.833 g of material, and 69.906 s extractiontime.

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