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Management of acute variceal bleeding: Updated APASL guidelines
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya; Shukla, Akash; Kumar, Ashish; Shalimar; Qi, Xiaolong; Gani, Rino Alvani; Dökmeci, Abdul Kadir; Örmeci, Necati; Sarin, Shiv Kumar
Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension (PHT), having a six-week mortality of 10%-20%. Major advances in the hemodynamic management, risk stratification, pharmacotherapy, endoscopy techniques, hemostatic devices and radiological interventions have led to improved management and outcome of AVB patients in the recent past. Therefore, the APASL Portal Hypertension Working Party, chose a panel of experts, primarily from the Asia–Pacific region, to identify important developments and controversial areas in the field of AVB. They discussed through a pre-defined and structured process, advances in the field and proposed updates to the previous APASL AVB guidelines. These included emphasis on safe transportation, defining time frames for AVB episodes and re-bleeding, reporting of clinical outcomes, optimizing early intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, medical management, endoscopic therapies, and salvage modalities, including TIPS and self-expanding metal stents. The current updates also cover variceal bleeding in special populations and situations, the skill sets required for managing AVB patients, and the research priorities in the field. The updated guidelines are based on the latest evidence and incorporate emerging trends to provide a contemporary template for management of AVB in both patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Palatal donor site management using tissue adhesives with adjunctive coconut oil in a randomized clinical trial
(Springer Nature, 2025) Yılmaz, Melis; Balcı, Nur; Günay, Bestegül; Parlak, Hanife Merva; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Toygar, Hilal; Keçeli, Hüseyin Gencay
Management of the complications occurring in the donor area after epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) harvesting still poses a challenge for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gelatin sponge (GS), cyanoacrylate (CY), and coconut oil (CO) combination in comparison with GS+CY in donor site management. Fifty EGG were harvested from the lateral palate in 50 patients, who were subsequently randomized to receive the GS+CY (control) or GS+CY+CO combination (test). Postoperative pain perception (PP), quantity of analgesics (QA), epithelization level (EL), color match (CM), sensation loss (SL), postoperative discomfort (PD), and delayed bleeding (DB) were evaluated. The GS+CY+CO group showed lower PP scores compared to the GS+CY (p<0.05). The QA intake was similar in both groups. On day 14, the GS+CY+CO group achieved 80% full EL rate, which was higher than the GS+CY group (32%) (p=0.002). CM scores were higher in the GS+CY+CO group at all follow up periods (p<0.001). Both groups reported similar SL, PD, and DB values (p>0.05). GS+CY+CO combination is more effective in reducing pain compared to GS+CO in donor site management after EGG harvesting. Additionally, GS+CY+CO combination may accelerate epithelialization and improve color match compared to GS+CY alone.
Endometrial sampling in the absence of hysteroscopy: Insights from more than 1000 dilatation and curettage cases
(Wiley, 2025) Şentürk, Şenol; Aydın, Gerçek; Can Bayrak, Çiğdem; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Stojković, Marta; Sparic, Radmila; Pecorella, Giovanni; Tinelli, Andrea
Objectives: The aim of this epidemiological study is to present the distribution of histopathological results of endometrial biopsies performed for indications in women and their relationship with symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) assessed by endometrial biopsy between January 2020 and July 2022. Analyzing the distribution and association of patients' demographic traits, biopsy motivations, and histopathologic findings was the main goal of the study. Results: A total of 1216 patients were included in the study, and their average age was 48.48 ± 8.79 years. AUB was found to be the most common reason for biopsy (n= 616; 50.7%). The most common diagnosis among the histologic findings (320; 26.3%) was endometrial polyp. The most common symptoms among individuals with premalignant and malignant diseases were AUB, endometrial thickening, and postmenopausal hemorrhage. Additionally, it was determined that 21 (6.3%) postmenopausal patients had inadequate material. Conclusions: The most common histologic diagnosis from the procedure was endometrial polyp. It is important to make sure that the sample taken includes the entire uterine cavity because postmenopausal women may have insufficient biopsy samples. This is especially true if a hysteroscopy with biopsy cannot be performed (for a variety of reasons). In fact, suspect endometrial cancers should be thoroughly evaluated by hysteroscopy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and atypical uterine bleeding.
Improving physiological solubility and gene transfer efficiency of chitosan via 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and amino acid conjugation
(Elsevier, 2025) Bal, Kevser; Kaplan, Özlem; Şentürk, Sema; Küçükertuğrul Çelik, Sibel; Demir, Kamber; Gök, Mehmet Koray
In this study, chitosan was chemically modified with 3-nitrobenzaldehyde (3NBA) and three amino acids (arginine, cysteine, and histidine) to enhance its gene delivery performance. 3-NBA was selected for its known DNA binding properties, while the amino acids were chosen based on their functional groups, which can improve solubility, facilitate cellular uptake, and contribute to endosomal escape. The modified chitosan polymers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Nanoparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method, and their particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The particle sizes ranged from 105.07 ± 3.45 to 206.15 ± 10.39 nm, with PDI values between 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.02. Zeta potentials were measured between 32.05 ± 0.49 mV and 51.95 ± 0.35 mV. The cysteine-modified chitosan (Chi-3NBACys) exhibited approximately 8.4-fold higher solubility than unmodified chitosan. In vitro studies demonstrated that the modified chitosan nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity in HEK293T cells. Among the tested formulations, Chi-3NBACys showed the highest transfection efficiency, comparable to commercial agent Lipofectamine™ 2000. These findings suggest that chitosan nanoparticles modified with 3-NBA and amino acids can be safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors.
Thermosonication-assisted fortification of kiwi juice with bee bread: Enhancing nutritional and functional properties through ANFIS-RSM optimization
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Yıkmış, Seydi; Duman Altan, Aylin; Türkol, Melikenur; Tokatlı, Nazlı; Yıldırım Maviş, Çiğdem; Tokatlı Demirok, Nazan; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Karrar, Emad; Aljobair, Moneera O.; Mohamed Ahmed, I. A.
This study investigated the effects of thermosonication on the preservation and enhancement of bioactive components in kiwi juice fortified with bee bread. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were employed to optimize processing parameters by evaluating FRAP, total phenolics, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid levels. Thermosonication significantly enhanced the levels of phenolic compounds (127.97 GAE mg/100 mL) and ascorbic acid (14.89 mg/100 mL), while a reduction in chlorophyll content was observed. The ANFIS model provided more accurate predictions compared to RSM, particularly under optimal processing conditions. Additionally, the thermosonication-treated kiwi juice with bee bread (TS-KJB) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid, and dietary fiber content. The findings demonstrate that thermosonication is an effective and sustainable technique for improving the functional and nutritional properties of bee bread-fortified kiwi juice. This approach offers a promising alternative for the production of additive- and preservative-free functional fruit juices.
Regenerative dentistry: Applications of bioactive materials in dentin-pulp complex
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Şişmanoğlu, Soner; Işık, Vasfiye; Erçal, Pınar
Tissue engineering in dentistry is revolutionizing the regeneration of dental pulp. The dental pulp is a specialized connective tissue that plays an important role in maintaining tooth health and supporting healing processes. However, exposure of the pulp to harmful factors, such as infections or trauma, can negatively impact its function, leading to inflammation, tissue necrosis, and ultimately pulp loss. As a solution to these challenges, tissue-engineered vital pulp therapies (VPTs) are emerging as an alternative to conventional root canal treatments. These therapies aim to preserve the vitality of the pulp, stimulate natural healing processes, and restore the dentin-pulp structure. Regenerative dentistry is also exploring tissue repair through innovations such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, exosome-based therapies, and novel scaffold structures.This chapter explores the potential of tissue engineering in dental pulp regeneration, focusing on the role of stem cells, growth factors, scaffolds, and bioactive materials. In particular, stem cells derived from dental pulp are critical to this process due to their ability to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and promote dentin production. The combination of these stem cells with bioactive scaffolds that release growth factors can significantly enhance the healing of pulp tissue. Furthermore, innovative materials, such as calcium silicate-based materials and bioactive glasses, have shown promising results in pulp regeneration and restorative dentin formation. While the future of these therapies is promising, challenges such as clinical application, long-term efficacy, and cost-effectiveness remain. As research advances, the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical trials will grow in overcoming these barriers.
Tailoring natural solvents: Deep eutectic approach for recovering bioactives from Prunus Spinosa L.
(Wiley, 2025) Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Falsafi, Seid Reza; Şahin, Selin
In this study, several choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) combinations were prepared at different molarratios (1/1, 1/2, and 2/1) using amine (urea), polyols (ethylene glycol and glycerol), and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, formic acid,propionic acid, and acetic acid). The performances of the DESs in the homogeniser-assisted extraction of Prunus spinosa L.fresh fruit were compared depending on the total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant activity [AA]) yields. Based on the findings of Tukey’s test formultiple comparisons, ChCl/formic acid (2/1) provided the best extraction efficiency with statistically significant differences(p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of the proposed DES. Furthermore, theproposed DES also showed better performance compared to conventional aqueous ethanol (60%, v/v) and water. Then, theselected DES (ChCl/formic acid, 2/1) was employed for the optimization study using the Box-Behnken Design of the responsesurface methodology. The optimum process conditions for the maximum yields of TPC (52.34 mg-GAE/g-FF), TAC (2.09 mg-cyn-3-glu/g-FF), and AA (89.21%) were found to be 50% (v/v) water in the DES, 0.833 g of material, and 69.906 s extractiontime.
Considering its mechanism of action it may be logical to choose letrozole as an initial option for endometrium preparation before vitrified-warmed embryo transfer
(Wiley, 2025) Aydın, Gerçek; Aslan, Kiper; Araç, Merve; Ergin, Elif; Kasapoğlu, Işıl; Uncu, Gürkan
Aim: To assess the efficacy of letrozole and programmed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles in terms of obstetric outcomes for women undergoing a single vitrified-warmed blastocyst embryo transfer (SVBT). Methods: This study is a retrospective study conducted in a private IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinic. A total of 324 FET cycles (letrozole group = 183, HRT = 141), consisting of primary infertile patients aged <40 years, were enrolled. The cycle characteristics, pregnancy results, and perinatal parameters were recorded. The primary outcomes of this study are pregnancy and miscarriage rates, live birth rates, whereas hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth are the secondary outcomes. Results: Positive β-HCG rates were 53% (97/183) versus 61% (86/141), whereas clinical pregnancy rates were 47% (86/183) versus 51.1% (72/141) for the letrozole and HRT groups, respectively. For clinical miscarriage, the results were 6.5% (12/183) for letrozole versus 15.6% (22/141) for HRT groups, which were statistically significant. For live birth rate (LBR), letrozole was found to be slightly better compared to HRT 40.4% (74/183) versus 35.5% (50/141). Considering the perinatal outcomes, the parameters were comparable between the groups. Conclusions: In terms of perinatal outcomes and IVF success, letrozole was not found to be inferior to HRT. Letrozole can be utilized as a safe and effective agent, even as a first-line treatment, given the potential benefits offered by its mechanism of action and being a reasonable option for both ovulatory and unovulatory patients.
MAFLD: A comprehensive review of the link between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) M. Mostafa, Alaa; Pan, Ziyan; Yu, Ming-Lung; Örmeci, Necati; Fouad, Yasser; Eslam, Mohammed
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over 30% of the global population. It is a multisystem condition with a strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Key shared mechanisms, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predisposition, couple MAFLD with increased risks of coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Early detection via non-invasive imaging and biomarkers is crucial for effective risk stratification. Management strategies emphasize lifestyle modifications and the development of targeted pharmacotherapies addressing metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Understanding the interconnected pathogenic mechanisms facilitates personalized interventions to reduce morbidity and improve long-term outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential to prevent and manage the cardiovascular implications of MAFLD.
Smart thermoresponsive sol–gel formulation of polyhexanide for rapid and painless burn and wound management
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Alparslan, Levent; Torkay, Gülşah; Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel; Özdemir, Samet
Traditional wound and burn treatments often fall short in balancing antimicrobial efficacy, patient comfort, and ease of application. This study introduces a novel, transparent, ther moresponsive sol–gel formulation incorporating polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) for advanced topical therapy. Utilizing Poloxamer 407 as a biocompatible carrier, the formulation remains a sprayable liquid at room temperature and instantly gels upon contact with body temperature, enabling painless, pressure-free application on sensitive, injured skin. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed the formulation’s broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy (≥5 log10 reduction in 30 s), high biocompatibility (viability > 70% in fibroblasts), non-irritancy (OECD 425-compliant), and physical stabil ity across three months. Importantly, the formulation maintained fibroblast migration capacity—crucial for wound regeneration—while exhibiting rapid sol-to-gel transition at ~34 ◦C. These findings highlight the system’s potential as a next-generation wound dressing with enhanced user compliance, transparent monitoring capability, and rapid healing support, particularly in disaster or emergency scenarios.
A pilot investigation on possible interactions between clinical parameters and the psychology of couples undergoing IVF
(Wiley, 2025) Aydın, Gerçek; Bülbül, Mehmet; Ergin, Elif; Aydin, Ayşe Gül; Akkaya, Cengiz; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Tinelli, Andrea
Objective: To investigate the potential reciprocal influences between in vitro fertiliza tion (IVF) and the psychological states of patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study involved 180 couples who sought consultation for IVF. To monitor the fluctuations in the emotional states of the cou ples throughout the IVF process, questionnaires were administered on two separate occasions: the first was conducted immediately before the initiation of medication, and the second was administered promptly following the completion of embryo trans fer. The BECK inventories for anxiety and depression were employed for evaluation. Pregnancy outcomes were exclusively analyzed for women who received high-quality blastocysts, with cleavage-stage embryo transfers being excluded from consideration. Results: Pregnancy rates did not significantly differ based on the presence of height ened anxiety and/or depression among couples. Notably, a correlation was identified between severe anxiety in women before IVF and diminished rates of fertilization, as well as lower blastocyst/oocyte and blastocyst/metaphase II (M2) ratios (8.7 ± 5.0 vs. 7.5 ± 6.1, P= 0.029; 0.284 ± 0.199 vs. 0.218 ± 0.209, P= 0.001; and 0.333 ± 0.209 vs. 0.272 ± 0.232, P= 0.016, respectively). In the male cohort, elevated anxiety scores, ei ther pre- or post-IVF treatment, were found to be linked with a reduced mean oocyte count, as well as lower rates of M2, fertilization, blastocyst, and total embryo counts (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Pregnancy rates were not affected by the presence of anxiety and de pression, as they do not exert a significant impact on the implantation success of blas tocysts. However, given that fertilization rates are statistically diminished in instances of severe anxiety, which consequently results in a reduced number of blastocysts and total embryos, a decline in cumulative pregnancy rates may be anticipated.
Addressing nutrition service management after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Günalan, Elif; Turgut, Rana; Işıklar, Handan
The study addresses nutrition service management after the 7.8M and 7.6M Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Initially, permission from the Turkish Red Crescent General Directorate and the support of the Turkish Red Crescent Academy were obtained to gather knowledge about the disaster response. In the short term, nutritional support was achieved for some settlements by the Turkish Red Crescent because the affected area was on a large scale. As a result, risk management should be considered, especially when planning nutrition services for the acute period. Nevertheless, the Turkish Red Crescent coordinated the long-term transportation and management of all food aid. Nearly 100 000 earthquake victims received nutrition services from the Turkish Red Crescent, while more than 3 million earthquake victims received food aid from nutrition platforms and other institutions. A multilevel nutrition service management model, which includes pre-disaster, disaster, and post-disaster, can accelerate the transition to normalization following the earthquake with a high-quality food supply and nutrition service.
Regenerative strategies in pediatric dentistry: A comprehensive overview of tissue engineering from past to future
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Şirinoğlu Çapan, Belen; Birant, Sinem; Gümüştaş, Burak; Erçal, Pınar; Şişmanoğlu, Soner
Tissue engineering in pediatric dentistry focuses on regenerating damaged dental tissues in children, aiming to restore their natural functions and address challenges associated with immature teeth. This field applies interdisciplinary biological principles to repair and regenerate tissues, using biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors. Current advancements emphasize the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex and tooth development through the use of biomaterials such as collagen, which offers structural support for cell growth and favorable interactions in tissue engineering. Additionally, various growth factors like FGF, TGF-β, BMP, and VEGF play vital roles in tissue regeneration by regulating signaling mechanisms in the dentin-pulp complex. Stem cells, particularly dental-derived ones such as DPSCs, SHEDs, and PDLSCs, have shown great potential in regenerating dental tissues in pediatric patients. These multipotent cells are capable of differentiating into various lineages, including odontoblasts, and are essential for the regeneration of both soft and hard dental tissues. While gene therapy, scaffolding techniques, and advanced technologies like three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting hold promise for tissue engineering, challenges remain in clinical implementation due to high costs and the need for further research. However, tissue engineering has already begun revolutionizing pediatric dental treatments, particularly in regenerative endodontics, and offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional procedures like root canal treatments for young immature teeth. The future of regenerative dentistry in pediatric care lies in improving the application of stem cell–based therapies and bioactive materials to achieve complete tissue regeneration and provide more effective, personalized care for young patients.
Evaluation of posterior segment changes in pediatric asthma patients with and without inhaled corticosteroid therapy
(Springer Nature, 2025) Kıvrak, Ulviye; Çiçek, Fatih; Köle, Mehmet Tolga; Kaya Adaş, Büşra; Kandemir, İbrahim
This study aimed to evaluate and compare changes in the posterior segment of pediatric asthma patients, potentially associated with asthma or inhaled corticosteroids. A retrospective analysis was conducted on children aged 7–17 diagnosed with atopic asthma. The participants were categorized into groups: Group 1 (no inhaled corticosteroids) and Group 2 (inhaled corticosteroid treatment). A control group of healthy children was also included. Demographic data, clinical findings, and laboratory results (e.g., eosinophil count, IgE, CRP levels) were collected. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to measure posterior segment parameters. Asthma patients demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in subfoveal choroidal thickness, the superficial capillary plexus in the superior and nasal quadrants, the choriocapillaris in the foveal quadrant, and the peripapillary vascular density in the inferior and superior quadrants compared to controls. Inflammation markers such as eosinophil count and CRP showed significant correlations with changes in vascular density. Asthma, as a chronic inflammatory and hypoxic condition, can significantly affect posterior segment parameters, leading to potential visual function impairments in children. Regular monitoring with OCT and OCTA can help detect early microvascular changes, allowing for timely interventions to preserve visual health.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for detecting cutaneous metastasis in breast cancer
(Mattioli 1885, 2025) Duman, Nilay; Yaman, Banu; Oraloğlu, Göktürk; Kararaslan, Işıl
A 45-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDBC) presented with an asymptomatic erythematous nodule on the right mastectomy scar. Dermos copy revealed erythematous peripheral border, polymor phous and atypical vessels, focal scaling, and multiple white structureless areas appearing as white clods and strands. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed a normal epidermis with a preserved honeycombed pattern, with der mal tumoral clusters of varying sizes consisting of highly polymorphous hyporeflective cells with different sizes and shapes.
Evaluation of enamel surface roughness and volumetric change after resin remnant removal following orthodontic bracket debonding
(Quintessence Publishing Deutschland, 2025) Korkut, Bora; Uzun, Kadir Emre; Hacıali, Çiğdem; Ünal, Tuna; Tağtekin, Dilek
Purpose: To evaluate surface roughness and volumetric change of enamel after using different resin remnant removal (RRR) techniques, following orthodontic bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: Metal orthodontic brackets (Mini Twin Brackets, RMO) were bonded to 60 human (central or lateral) labial mid-third surfaces, and debonded 24 h after by a single orthodontist. The remaining composites were completely removed with the fluorescence light guidance by the D-Light-Pro led curing unit (GC/detection mode). The removal procedures were performed without magnification (n = 30) or with 20× magnification/5500 K illumination by a dental microscope (OMS2000, Zumax) (n = 30). Three RRR techniques were used: 12-bladed carbide bur (Horico), red-banded diamond bur (Horico), SofLex Disc (medium/40 μm, fine/24 μm, and superfine/8 µm; 3M). Surface changes were evaluated visually through microscope photographs by enamel surface index (ESI) and volumetrically by overlapping the three-dimensional images of a laser scanner device (LAS-20, SD-Mechatronik) in the Geomagic Design X (3D Systems) software. The deemed significance was set at 0.050 for the statistical analyses. Results: A positive, strong correlation was found between visual and volumetric change scores (P 0.001). Lesser volumetric loss (P 0.001) and roughness (P = 0.009) were observed for all RRR techniques when the magnification was used. Volumetric loss (mm3) by diamond bur was significantly the highest [1.85(1–3)a], followed by SofLex Disc [1.1(1–1)c] and carbide bur [0.59(0–1)b](P 0.001). Visual surface roughness scores (Ra) were significantly higher for diamond bur [4.5(4–5)b](P 0.001), followed by carbide bur 2(1–3)a and SofLex Disc 1(1–2)a. Conclusion: Surface roughness should always be assessed together with the volumetric enamel loss for the selection of RRR technique. Red-banded diamond bur should not be used for RRR. Even though the least surface roughness can be provided by SofLex Disc system, it can provide more intact enamel surface loss than the carbide bur. Magnification was considered useful for the RRR to provide a smoother surface while better preserving the intact enamel tissue.
Biomimetic management of orthodontic white spot lesions
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Tunalı, Esra; Karaçay, Şeniz; Özen, Buğra; Albayrak, Önder
Objectives: white spot lesions (WSLs) may develop in patients with inadequate oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to develop a natural remineralization agent by creating artificial WSLs in vitro. Materials/methods: WSLs were created in teeth with orthodontic buttons in vitro. The teeth were divided into the following groups: P11-4 (group 1), Nano-HA solution before sintering (group 2), Nano-HA solution after sintering (group 3), P11-4 and Nano-HA mixture before sintering (group 4), P11-4 and Nano-HA mixture after sintering (group 5), boron-containing Nano-HA mixture before sintering (group 6), boron-containing Nano-HA mixture after sintering (group 7), CPP-ACP (group 8), and artificial saliva (group 9). Measurements were taken before and after demineralization, and at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days of remineralization. Images were recorded using DIAGNOcam and VistaCamIX, area measurements were made using ImageJ, and SEM was used for remineralization assessment. Results: all groups except group 9 showed a reduction in the WSL area, with statistically significant results. SEM analysis revealed the lowest remineralization in groups 8 and 9, while the other groups exhibited more intense remineralization. Conclusions: the most successful groups for WSL remineralization were those containing pure Nano-HA (groups 2 and 3), with the other groups showing varying levels of remineralization.
Role of ovarian stem cells in postnatal oogenesis and implications in fertility preservation
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Benlioğlu, Can; Turan, Volkan; Öktem, Özgür
It is a long-held dogma in reproductive biology that females are born with a set nonrenewable number of oocytes in the ovary. While some animal studies challenged this dogma by demonstrating allegedly postnatal oogenesis and the presence of certain stem cell factor expression germ cell markers, their biological roles are yet to be defined. In this chapter, we revisited this issue revisit this dogma in light of most recent data. The chapter outlines the characteristics of these putative OSCs, including their morphological features, expression of germline markers (e.g., DDX4, DAZL), telomerase activity, and methods for their isolation and culture, acknowledging the ongoing debate and methodological controversies surrounding their identification, particularly the reliability of DDX4-based sorting. We critically evaluate the evidence for their capacity to differentiate into oocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo, including experiments involving transplantation into animal models. Finally, the chapter explores the profound implications these OSCs hold for fertility preservation, especially for women facing premature ovarian insufficiency, age-related infertility, or gonadotoxic treatments. We discuss potential future applications, such as autologous OSC transplantation to restore ovarian function or in vitro generation of mature oocytes for fertilization. We highlight the significant technical and safety hurdles that must be overcome, including optimizing culture systems, ensuring genomic stability, and validating human functional competency. While the physiological role and definitive existence of functional OSCs in adult human ovaries remain contentious subjects requiring further rigorous investigation using advanced techniques like single-cell analysis and lineage tracing, the potential therapeutic promise continues to drive research in this exciting, albeit controversial, area of reproductive medicine.
Individualized oral hygiene home visits for children with special needs
(Wiley, 2025) Tunalı, Esra; Ataş, Cafer; Çağ, Yakup; Orhan, Ahmet Lütfullah; Aydınbelge, Mustafa; Tunalı, Mustafa; Özen, Buğra
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the 6-month effects of an applied oral hygiene education program delivered through homevisits for children with special needs in Istanbul. Additionally, the study seeks to establish an individualized oral health monitoringprogram and promote non-cariogenic dietary habits.Methods and Results: The study included 279 children with special needs aged 1–8 years. Participants’ oral hygiene practices,dietary habits, and dental health status were compared before and after the education program. Plaque levels were assessed usingthe Silness-Löe Plaque Index, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels were measured using the Saliva-Check Mutans test kit.After the intervention, the proportion of children brushing twice daily increased from 13.8% to 33% (p < 0.05), while the percentageof children with moderate plaque levels decreased from 40.1% to 26.5%. Additionally, the proportion of children with S. mutanslevels exceeding 105 CFU/mL decreased significantly from 91.3% to 68.0% (p < 0.005).Conclusion: Individualized oral hygiene education was found to be effective in improving oral health in children with specialneeds. Significant reductions in plaque levels and S. mutans concentrations were observed, along with increased parentalawareness. Future multidimensional educational programs incorporating home visits may play a crucial role in maintaininglong-term oral hygiene habits in children with special needs.
Advanced low-thermal fortification strategy for dill juice: Enhanced bioaccessibility and functional properties through MLP-RSM optimization
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Yıkmış, Seydi; Duman Altan, Aylin; Demirel, Selinay; Türkol, Melikenur; Tokatlı, Nazlı; Tokatlı Demirok, Nazan; Aljobair, Moneera O.; Karrar, Emad; Mohamed Ahmed, Isam A.
In this study, a combination of ultrasound and microwave technologies (USMW) was applied to increase the functional properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) juice and the obtained samples were comprehensively evaluated in terms of biofunctionality. Total phenolic content (TPC), β-carotene, total chlorophyll, antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and antidiabetic enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase, α-amylase) were determined. The optimum process parameters were successfully estimated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models. USMW process increased the extraction of phenolic compounds and carotenoids, providing significant increases in TPC (126.08 mg GAE/100 mL), β-carotene (42.82 mg/100 mL) and chlorophyll (4.42 g/100 mL) levels (*p < 0.05). In the simulated post-digestion bioavailability assessments, the ultrasound and microwave (DJ-USMW) group showed the highest recovery rates. In addition, potential antidiabetic effects were confirmed by the inhibition of α-glucosidase (61.65%) and α-amylase (53.11%). PCA and clustering analyses showed that USMW application significantly separated the samples. The obtained results demonstrate that USMW technology is a sustainable and effective method, especially for the development of functional beverages, as an alternative to traditional heat treatments.

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