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Association of body mass index with orbital fat volume in lower eyelid blepharoplasty
(Springer Nature, 2025) Solmaz, İskender Alkın; Ertan, Elif
Purpose To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the volume of orbital fat excised during lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 58 patients who underwent bilateral transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty between January and December 2024. Total orbital fat volume was measured intraoperatively using a graduated cylinder. BMI was calculated from preoperative height and weight and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, and univariate and multivariable linear regression. Results The mean age of the patients was 49.2±11.6 years, and the mean BMI was 24.5±3.8 kg/m². The mean total orbital fat volume excised was 2.08 ± 0.94 cc. Fat volume differed significantly across BMI categories (p<0.001), with obese and overweight patients having greater excised fat than normal-weight individuals. Pearson correlation demonstrated a strong positive association between BMI and fat volume (r=0.592, p<0.001). In regression analysis, BMI was the only significant predictor of orbital fat volume, explaining 35.1% of the variance (R²=0.351). Conclusion BMI is strongly associated with orbital fat volume excised during lower eyelid blepharoplasty. These findings suggest that systemic adiposity extends to the periorbital region and highlight the relevance of considering BMI in preoperative planning to optimize surgical outcomes.
Limitations of MRI in differentiating solid and cystic components of craniopharyngiomas
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Karaalioğlu, Banu; Çakıcı Öksüz, Nazlı; İpek, Veyselkarani; Çakır, Aslı; Kahraman, Osman; Özbek, Muhammet Arif
Purpose Craniopharyngiomas (CP) present with both solid and cystic structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stud ies. Contrary to MRI appearance, components described as cysts are not infrequently found as non-fluent structures during surgery. This study aims to address the discrepancy between radiology and surgery regarding the nature of these lesions and to evaluate them for their preoperative predictability. Materials and methods Preoperative MRI images of 24 CP patients were analyzed. The cystic components of the tumors were assessed in terms of quantitative and qualitative signal properties and contrast enhancement on conventional pulse sequences, and analyzed based on their macroscopic appearances. Results Thirteen of 31 lesions (42%) that suggested cyst on MRI were solid during surgery, with none showing contrast uptake. MRI demonstrated 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV), 71.7% specificity, and 58% positive pre dictive value (PPV) in identifying true cysts. Most lesions resembling cysts were hyperintense on FLAIR and T1WI and isointense on ADC maps, suggesting high protein content. However, surgically confirmed fluid-filled cysts exhibited similar signal characteristics in a comparable proportion. The only significant imaging indicator was a hypointense appearance on T2WI, with a mean intensity ratio close to that of the basal ganglia. Conclusion Accurate identification of solid and cystic components in craniopharyngiomas is critical for effective treatment planning. Although MRI is traditionally considered reliable for this purpose, 42% of lesions that appeared cystic without contrast enhancement were ultimately confirmed as non-fluid or solid during surgery. This study was unable to establish definitive MRI characteristics to reliably differentiate between cystic and solid components. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate potential imaging markers and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Investigation of the association between nitric oxide synthase gene variants and NAFLD in adolescents with obesity
(De Gruyter, 2025) Hasanoğlu Sayın, Sevde; Kandemir, İbrahim; Oyacı, Yasemin; Khudiyeva, Shahri; Şahin, Memduh; Yetim Şahin, Aylin; Pehlivan, Sacide
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme gene variants (iNOS rs1060826, eNOS rs1799983, eNOS 27-bp VNTR) play a role in the etiopathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with obese adolescents [body mass index (BMI) standard devia tion score (SDS) ≥2] aged 10–19 years (104 individuals) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (64 individuals) whose presence of NAFLD was determined by ultrasound. The iNOS rs1060826 and eNOS rs1799983 variants were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Frag ment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the eNOS 27-bp VNTR variant was analyzed using the PCR method. The genotypes detected were compared between the patient group and the healthy controls and with the clinical parameters of the patients. Results: iNOS rs1060826 and eNOS rs1799983 were inde pendent of obesity, whereas eNOS 27-bp VNTR was inde pendent of NAFLD. However, in the obese group, especially in those with NAFLD (+), the iNOS rs1060826 GG genotype was found to be associated with lower diastolic blood pres sure (DBP) (p=0.011). Compared with the clinical parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in those carrying the eNOS rs1799983 gene variant-TT genotype in the NAFLD (+) group (p=0.051). Conclusions: While the three functional gene variants of the NOS enzyme did not show a significant difference in terms of genotype between patients and healthy controls, it was determined that both the iNOS rs1060826 gene variant GG allele was associated with low DBP and HOMA-IR may be higher in those carrying the eNOS rs1799983 gene variant TT genotype in NAFLD (+) patients. The iNOS rs1060826 poly morphism is a potentially important genetic variant that may influence DBP regulation through its effects on nitric oxide production.
A randomised clinical trial to evaluate a digital therapeutic (TH-001) for improving glycaemic control in adults with prediabetes
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Çakmak, Ramazan; Tosun, İlker; Avcu, Hasan; Birer, Gürkan Caner; Akgül, Özer; Saini, Kamal S.; Carnell, Jonathan; Kutlu, Orkide
Background and Aims: Prediabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels below diabetes diagnostic thresh olds, presents a significant global health challenge due to high prevalence and associated risks for developing type 2 dia betes. Traditional diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) often face challenges in scalability and accessibility, particularly in underserved communities. Digital therapeutics (DTx), like TH-001, offer potential scalable solutions requiring clinical val idation. This randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TH-001, a digital therapeutic application, reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among adults with prediabetes over a 90-day intervention period. Methods: 68 eligible adults were randomly assigned to either standard care alone or standard care plus the TH-001 intervention. Primary outcomes measured were glycaemic parameters including HbA1c, fasting glucose, 2-h post-load glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin levels, while secondary outcomes included anthropometric mea sures. User engagement metrics were also assessed. Results: The intervention significantly reduced HbA1c levels (mean difference −0.22%, p = .023) and body weight (−2.53 kg, p < .001) compared to the control group. Although fasting glucose and insulin levels showed positive trends, differences were not statistically significant. User engagement was high, correlating strongly with HbA1c reduction (r = .95, p < .001), demonstrating the critical role of sustained interaction with TH-001. Conclusions: TH-001 demonstrates significant effectiveness in HbA1c reduction and body weight, with strong user engagement suggesting it may effectively overcome traditional barriers of DPPs. Long-term studies are needed to confirm sustained benefits.
Differential expression of erythrocyte proteins in patients with alcohol use disorder
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Boşgelmez, İffet İpek; Güvendik, Gülin; Dilbaz, Nesrin; Esen, Metin
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) poses global health challenges, and causes hematological alterations such as macrocytosis and oxidative stress. Disruption of protein structures by alcohol and/or its metabolites may exacerbate AUDs; proteomics can elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms. This study examined the proteins differentially ex pressed in the cytosol and membrane fractions of erythrocytes obtained from 30 male patients with AUD, comparing them to samples from 15 age- and BMI-matched social drinkers (SDs) and 15 non-drinkers (control). The analysis aimed to identify the molecular differences related to alcohol consumption. The AUD patient subgrouping was based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with 16 individuals classified as having a normal MCV and 14 having a high MCV. Proteins were separated via two-dimensional(2D)-gel electrophoresis, digested with trypsin, and identified via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorp tion/Ionization Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Additionally, levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + HAE), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), disialotransferrin (%DST), and sialic acid (SA) were analyzed. The results showed increased MDA + HAE and decreased total thiols in AUD patients, with GSSG elevated and the GSH/GSSG ratio reduced in the AUD MCV-high subgroup. Serum %CDT, %DST, and SA were significantly higher in AUD. Compared to the control profiles, the AUD group exhibited differential protein expression. Few proteins, such as bisphosphoglycerate mu tase, were downregulated in AUD versus control and SD, as well as in the MCV-high AUD subgroup. Conversely, endoplasmin and gelsolin were upregulated in AUD relative to control. Cytoskeletal proteins, including spectrin-alpha chain, actin cytoplasmic 2, were overexpressed in the AUD group and MCV-high AUD subgroup. Several proteins, such as 14-3-3 isoforms, alpha-synuclein, translation initiation factors, heat shock proteins, and others, were upregulated in the MCV-high AUD subgroup. Under-expressed proteins in this subgroup include band 3 anion transport protein, bisphosphoglycerate mutase, tropomyosin alpha-3 chain, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and WD repeat-containing protein 1. Our findings highlight the specific changes in protein expression associated with oxidative stress, cytoskeletal alterations, and metabolic dysregulation, specifically in AUD patients with an elevated MCV. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions and identifying biomarkers of alcohol-induced cellular damage. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, membrane composition, and cellular function illustrates how chronic alcohol exposure affects cellular physiology.
Evaluation of pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of lasers
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Arat Maden, Eda; Tırnaksız Müftüoğlu, Mine; Özen, Buğra; Altun, Ceyhan
This study aims to evaluate pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices regarding the use of laser tech nology. Additionally, it seeks to identify educational needs to support the accurate and effective implementation of laser applications in pediatric dentistry. The study received ethical approval from the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Com mittee of ………….University. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via email and social media. A total of 233 volunteer pediatric dentists participated in the survey, which included 26 questions across five sections: sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitudes, clinical practices regarding laser use in pediatric dentistry, and laser-related training. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained at the beginning of the survey. The results of the study showed that 85.8% of pediatric dentists were knowledgeable about the use of lasers in pediatric dentistry. How ever, this knowledge was not fully reflected in clinical practice. It was found that only 35.2% of pediatric dentists had performed laser-assisted procedures. Among these, the most frequently performed procedures were frenectomy (73.2%) and the exposure of unerupted teeth (64.6%). Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher among dentists aged 41–50 and those with more than 20 years of professional experience (p<0.05). 73.8% of the participants stated that laser education should be integrated into pediatric dentistry training programs.There are variations in pediatric dentists’ knowledge and clinical practices regarding the use of lasers. To ensure the safe and effective use of this technology, edu cational opportunities need to be improved.
Anatomical investigation of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the distribution pattern of oculomotor nerve
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Gayretli, Özcan; Özbilen, Kemal Turgay; Önal, Vildan; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the morphological features of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (LPS) and the variations in the distribution of the oculomotor nerve in the muscle. Methods 100 bilateral orbits from 50 cadavers were included in our study. In our study, the medial, lateral, and middle length, width, and thickness of the LPS were measured from 3 different points and recorded. In addition, the number of branches of the oculomotor nerve entering the LPS muscle was calculated. Results The medial, lateral, and middle length of LPS were 34.85±5.30 mm, 34.62±5.67 mm, 35.77±5.31 mm on the right side and 33.66±4.74 mm, 33.81±4.83 mm, 34.54±5.14 mm on the left side, respectively. The width of the muscle was seen to expand from proximally to distally. It was noted that the middle 1/3 thickness of the LPS was the thickest part of the muscle compared to the other parts. A total of 239 oculomotor branches entered the LPS. The middle 1/3 of the LPS was reached by 151 oculomotor nerve branches. It was noted that the largest number of oculomotor nerves entered the middle 1/3 part of LPS. Conclusion The morphometric and morphological findings of LPS and branches of the oculomotor nerve may be useful in surgical planning for the LPS and levator aponeurosis and in preventing complications during surgical interventions.
Management of acute variceal bleeding: Updated APASL guidelines
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya; Shukla, Akash; Kumar, Ashish; Shalimar; Qi, Xiaolong; Gani, Rino Alvani; Dökmeci, Abdul Kadir; Örmeci, Necati; Sarin, Shiv Kumar
Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension (PHT), having a six-week mortality of 10%-20%. Major advances in the hemodynamic management, risk stratification, pharmacotherapy, endoscopy techniques, hemostatic devices and radiological interventions have led to improved management and outcome of AVB patients in the recent past. Therefore, the APASL Portal Hypertension Working Party, chose a panel of experts, primarily from the Asia–Pacific region, to identify important developments and controversial areas in the field of AVB. They discussed through a pre-defined and structured process, advances in the field and proposed updates to the previous APASL AVB guidelines. These included emphasis on safe transportation, defining time frames for AVB episodes and re-bleeding, reporting of clinical outcomes, optimizing early intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, medical management, endoscopic therapies, and salvage modalities, including TIPS and self-expanding metal stents. The current updates also cover variceal bleeding in special populations and situations, the skill sets required for managing AVB patients, and the research priorities in the field. The updated guidelines are based on the latest evidence and incorporate emerging trends to provide a contemporary template for management of AVB in both patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Palatal donor site management using tissue adhesives with adjunctive coconut oil in a randomized clinical trial
(Springer Nature, 2025) Yılmaz, Melis; Balcı, Nur; Günay, Bestegül; Parlak, Hanife Merva; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Toygar, Hilal; Keçeli, Hüseyin Gencay
Management of the complications occurring in the donor area after epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) harvesting still poses a challenge for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gelatin sponge (GS), cyanoacrylate (CY), and coconut oil (CO) combination in comparison with GS+CY in donor site management. Fifty EGG were harvested from the lateral palate in 50 patients, who were subsequently randomized to receive the GS+CY (control) or GS+CY+CO combination (test). Postoperative pain perception (PP), quantity of analgesics (QA), epithelization level (EL), color match (CM), sensation loss (SL), postoperative discomfort (PD), and delayed bleeding (DB) were evaluated. The GS+CY+CO group showed lower PP scores compared to the GS+CY (p<0.05). The QA intake was similar in both groups. On day 14, the GS+CY+CO group achieved 80% full EL rate, which was higher than the GS+CY group (32%) (p=0.002). CM scores were higher in the GS+CY+CO group at all follow up periods (p<0.001). Both groups reported similar SL, PD, and DB values (p>0.05). GS+CY+CO combination is more effective in reducing pain compared to GS+CO in donor site management after EGG harvesting. Additionally, GS+CY+CO combination may accelerate epithelialization and improve color match compared to GS+CY alone.
Endometrial sampling in the absence of hysteroscopy: Insights from more than 1000 dilatation and curettage cases
(Wiley, 2025) Şentürk, Şenol; Aydın, Gerçek; Can Bayrak, Çiğdem; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Stojković, Marta; Sparic, Radmila; Pecorella, Giovanni; Tinelli, Andrea
Objectives: The aim of this epidemiological study is to present the distribution of histopathological results of endometrial biopsies performed for indications in women and their relationship with symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) assessed by endometrial biopsy between January 2020 and July 2022. Analyzing the distribution and association of patients' demographic traits, biopsy motivations, and histopathologic findings was the main goal of the study. Results: A total of 1216 patients were included in the study, and their average age was 48.48 ± 8.79 years. AUB was found to be the most common reason for biopsy (n= 616; 50.7%). The most common diagnosis among the histologic findings (320; 26.3%) was endometrial polyp. The most common symptoms among individuals with premalignant and malignant diseases were AUB, endometrial thickening, and postmenopausal hemorrhage. Additionally, it was determined that 21 (6.3%) postmenopausal patients had inadequate material. Conclusions: The most common histologic diagnosis from the procedure was endometrial polyp. It is important to make sure that the sample taken includes the entire uterine cavity because postmenopausal women may have insufficient biopsy samples. This is especially true if a hysteroscopy with biopsy cannot be performed (for a variety of reasons). In fact, suspect endometrial cancers should be thoroughly evaluated by hysteroscopy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and atypical uterine bleeding.
Improving physiological solubility and gene transfer efficiency of chitosan via 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and amino acid conjugation
(Elsevier, 2025) Bal, Kevser; Kaplan, Özlem; Şentürk, Sema; Küçükertuğrul Çelik, Sibel; Demir, Kamber; Gök, Mehmet Koray
In this study, chitosan was chemically modified with 3-nitrobenzaldehyde (3NBA) and three amino acids (arginine, cysteine, and histidine) to enhance its gene delivery performance. 3-NBA was selected for its known DNA binding properties, while the amino acids were chosen based on their functional groups, which can improve solubility, facilitate cellular uptake, and contribute to endosomal escape. The modified chitosan polymers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Nanoparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method, and their particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The particle sizes ranged from 105.07 ± 3.45 to 206.15 ± 10.39 nm, with PDI values between 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.02. Zeta potentials were measured between 32.05 ± 0.49 mV and 51.95 ± 0.35 mV. The cysteine-modified chitosan (Chi-3NBACys) exhibited approximately 8.4-fold higher solubility than unmodified chitosan. In vitro studies demonstrated that the modified chitosan nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity in HEK293T cells. Among the tested formulations, Chi-3NBACys showed the highest transfection efficiency, comparable to commercial agent Lipofectamine™ 2000. These findings suggest that chitosan nanoparticles modified with 3-NBA and amino acids can be safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors.
Is neurodegeneration accelerated? Investigating covıd-19’s impact on dementia via functional connectivity
(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2025) Müdüroğlu Kırmızıbekmez, Aynur; Önder, Alparslan; Özdemir, Mustafa Yasir; Eryiğit, Önder Yüksel; Yurdakoş, Ertan
Introduction: COVID-19 has been associated with various neurological complications, including cognitive impairments such as memory deficits, attention difficulties, and executive dysfunction. These symptoms raise concerns about potential long-term effects, particularly in individuals with preexisting neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation may contribute to cognitive decline in COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of COVID-19 on functional brain connectivity, particularly in dementia patients, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the differences in functional connectivity across different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) in dementia patients with and without a history of COVID-19 (D-COVID and D-nCOVID) compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The study explores whether COVID-19 accelerates neurodegenerative processes by disrupting functional brain networks. Methods: Functional connectivity was assessed using electroencephalography (EEG)-based network analysis in three groups: D-COVID, D-nCOVID, and HC. Connectivity metrics were compared across frequency bands, with a focus on local efficiency (LE) and global network alterations. The Kruskal-Wallis test assessed statistical significance, while the Dunn test was used for post-hoc analysis. Results: Findings indicate a significant reduction in functional connectivity across multiple brain regions in dementia patients, with the D-COVID group exhibiting more pronounced declines. The observed decrease in connectivity suggests that COVID-19 may accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, the HC group demonstrated stronger connectivity and higher LE metrics, highlighting the widespread impact of dementia on brain networks. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that COVID-19 contributes to cognitive decline by exacerbating neurodegenerative mechanisms. The disruption of functional brain connectivity observed in D-COVID patients aligns with previous studies suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may indirectly promote neuronal degeneration. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the long-term cognitive consequences of COVID-19 and potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate these effects.
Thermosonication-assisted fortification of kiwi juice with bee bread: Enhancing nutritional and functional properties through ANFIS-RSM optimization
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Yıkmış, Seydi; Duman Altan, Aylin; Türkol, Melikenur; Tokatlı, Nazlı; Yıldırım Maviş, Çiğdem; Tokatlı Demirok, Nazan; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Karrar, Emad; Aljobair, Moneera O.; Mohamed Ahmed, I. A.
This study investigated the effects of thermosonication on the preservation and enhancement of bioactive components in kiwi juice fortified with bee bread. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were employed to optimize processing parameters by evaluating FRAP, total phenolics, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid levels. Thermosonication significantly enhanced the levels of phenolic compounds (127.97 GAE mg/100 mL) and ascorbic acid (14.89 mg/100 mL), while a reduction in chlorophyll content was observed. The ANFIS model provided more accurate predictions compared to RSM, particularly under optimal processing conditions. Additionally, the thermosonication-treated kiwi juice with bee bread (TS-KJB) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid, and dietary fiber content. The findings demonstrate that thermosonication is an effective and sustainable technique for improving the functional and nutritional properties of bee bread-fortified kiwi juice. This approach offers a promising alternative for the production of additive- and preservative-free functional fruit juices.
Regenerative dentistry: Applications of bioactive materials in dentin-pulp complex
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Şişmanoğlu, Soner; Işık, Vasfiye; Erçal, Pınar
Tissue engineering in dentistry is revolutionizing the regeneration of dental pulp. The dental pulp is a specialized connective tissue that plays an important role in maintaining tooth health and supporting healing processes. However, exposure of the pulp to harmful factors, such as infections or trauma, can negatively impact its function, leading to inflammation, tissue necrosis, and ultimately pulp loss. As a solution to these challenges, tissue-engineered vital pulp therapies (VPTs) are emerging as an alternative to conventional root canal treatments. These therapies aim to preserve the vitality of the pulp, stimulate natural healing processes, and restore the dentin-pulp structure. Regenerative dentistry is also exploring tissue repair through innovations such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, exosome-based therapies, and novel scaffold structures.This chapter explores the potential of tissue engineering in dental pulp regeneration, focusing on the role of stem cells, growth factors, scaffolds, and bioactive materials. In particular, stem cells derived from dental pulp are critical to this process due to their ability to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and promote dentin production. The combination of these stem cells with bioactive scaffolds that release growth factors can significantly enhance the healing of pulp tissue. Furthermore, innovative materials, such as calcium silicate-based materials and bioactive glasses, have shown promising results in pulp regeneration and restorative dentin formation. While the future of these therapies is promising, challenges such as clinical application, long-term efficacy, and cost-effectiveness remain. As research advances, the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical trials will grow in overcoming these barriers.
Tailoring natural solvents: Deep eutectic approach for recovering bioactives from Prunus Spinosa L.
(Wiley, 2025) Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Falsafi, Seid Reza; Şahin, Selin
In this study, several choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) combinations were prepared at different molarratios (1/1, 1/2, and 2/1) using amine (urea), polyols (ethylene glycol and glycerol), and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, formic acid,propionic acid, and acetic acid). The performances of the DESs in the homogeniser-assisted extraction of Prunus spinosa L.fresh fruit were compared depending on the total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant activity [AA]) yields. Based on the findings of Tukey’s test formultiple comparisons, ChCl/formic acid (2/1) provided the best extraction efficiency with statistically significant differences(p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of the proposed DES. Furthermore, theproposed DES also showed better performance compared to conventional aqueous ethanol (60%, v/v) and water. Then, theselected DES (ChCl/formic acid, 2/1) was employed for the optimization study using the Box-Behnken Design of the responsesurface methodology. The optimum process conditions for the maximum yields of TPC (52.34 mg-GAE/g-FF), TAC (2.09 mg-cyn-3-glu/g-FF), and AA (89.21%) were found to be 50% (v/v) water in the DES, 0.833 g of material, and 69.906 s extractiontime.
Considering its mechanism of action it may be logical to choose letrozole as an initial option for endometrium preparation before vitrified-warmed embryo transfer
(Wiley, 2025) Aydın, Gerçek; Aslan, Kiper; Araç, Merve; Ergin, Elif; Kasapoğlu, Işıl; Uncu, Gürkan
Aim: To assess the efficacy of letrozole and programmed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles in terms of obstetric outcomes for women undergoing a single vitrified-warmed blastocyst embryo transfer (SVBT). Methods: This study is a retrospective study conducted in a private IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinic. A total of 324 FET cycles (letrozole group = 183, HRT = 141), consisting of primary infertile patients aged <40 years, were enrolled. The cycle characteristics, pregnancy results, and perinatal parameters were recorded. The primary outcomes of this study are pregnancy and miscarriage rates, live birth rates, whereas hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth are the secondary outcomes. Results: Positive β-HCG rates were 53% (97/183) versus 61% (86/141), whereas clinical pregnancy rates were 47% (86/183) versus 51.1% (72/141) for the letrozole and HRT groups, respectively. For clinical miscarriage, the results were 6.5% (12/183) for letrozole versus 15.6% (22/141) for HRT groups, which were statistically significant. For live birth rate (LBR), letrozole was found to be slightly better compared to HRT 40.4% (74/183) versus 35.5% (50/141). Considering the perinatal outcomes, the parameters were comparable between the groups. Conclusions: In terms of perinatal outcomes and IVF success, letrozole was not found to be inferior to HRT. Letrozole can be utilized as a safe and effective agent, even as a first-line treatment, given the potential benefits offered by its mechanism of action and being a reasonable option for both ovulatory and unovulatory patients.
MAFLD: A comprehensive review of the link between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) M. Mostafa, Alaa; Pan, Ziyan; Yu, Ming-Lung; Örmeci, Necati; Fouad, Yasser; Eslam, Mohammed
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over 30% of the global population. It is a multisystem condition with a strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Key shared mechanisms, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predisposition, couple MAFLD with increased risks of coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Early detection via non-invasive imaging and biomarkers is crucial for effective risk stratification. Management strategies emphasize lifestyle modifications and the development of targeted pharmacotherapies addressing metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Understanding the interconnected pathogenic mechanisms facilitates personalized interventions to reduce morbidity and improve long-term outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential to prevent and manage the cardiovascular implications of MAFLD.
Smart thermoresponsive sol–gel formulation of polyhexanide for rapid and painless burn and wound management
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Alparslan, Levent; Torkay, Gülşah; Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel; Özdemir, Samet
Traditional wound and burn treatments often fall short in balancing antimicrobial efficacy, patient comfort, and ease of application. This study introduces a novel, transparent, ther moresponsive sol–gel formulation incorporating polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) for advanced topical therapy. Utilizing Poloxamer 407 as a biocompatible carrier, the formulation remains a sprayable liquid at room temperature and instantly gels upon contact with body temperature, enabling painless, pressure-free application on sensitive, injured skin. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed the formulation’s broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy (≥5 log10 reduction in 30 s), high biocompatibility (viability > 70% in fibroblasts), non-irritancy (OECD 425-compliant), and physical stabil ity across three months. Importantly, the formulation maintained fibroblast migration capacity—crucial for wound regeneration—while exhibiting rapid sol-to-gel transition at ~34 ◦C. These findings highlight the system’s potential as a next-generation wound dressing with enhanced user compliance, transparent monitoring capability, and rapid healing support, particularly in disaster or emergency scenarios.
A pilot investigation on possible interactions between clinical parameters and the psychology of couples undergoing IVF
(Wiley, 2025) Aydın, Gerçek; Bülbül, Mehmet; Ergin, Elif; Aydin, Ayşe Gül; Akkaya, Cengiz; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Tinelli, Andrea
Objective: To investigate the potential reciprocal influences between in vitro fertiliza tion (IVF) and the psychological states of patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study involved 180 couples who sought consultation for IVF. To monitor the fluctuations in the emotional states of the cou ples throughout the IVF process, questionnaires were administered on two separate occasions: the first was conducted immediately before the initiation of medication, and the second was administered promptly following the completion of embryo trans fer. The BECK inventories for anxiety and depression were employed for evaluation. Pregnancy outcomes were exclusively analyzed for women who received high-quality blastocysts, with cleavage-stage embryo transfers being excluded from consideration. Results: Pregnancy rates did not significantly differ based on the presence of height ened anxiety and/or depression among couples. Notably, a correlation was identified between severe anxiety in women before IVF and diminished rates of fertilization, as well as lower blastocyst/oocyte and blastocyst/metaphase II (M2) ratios (8.7 ± 5.0 vs. 7.5 ± 6.1, P= 0.029; 0.284 ± 0.199 vs. 0.218 ± 0.209, P= 0.001; and 0.333 ± 0.209 vs. 0.272 ± 0.232, P= 0.016, respectively). In the male cohort, elevated anxiety scores, ei ther pre- or post-IVF treatment, were found to be linked with a reduced mean oocyte count, as well as lower rates of M2, fertilization, blastocyst, and total embryo counts (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Pregnancy rates were not affected by the presence of anxiety and de pression, as they do not exert a significant impact on the implantation success of blas tocysts. However, given that fertilization rates are statistically diminished in instances of severe anxiety, which consequently results in a reduced number of blastocysts and total embryos, a decline in cumulative pregnancy rates may be anticipated.
Addressing nutrition service management after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Günalan, Elif; Turgut, Rana; Işıklar, Handan
The study addresses nutrition service management after the 7.8M and 7.6M Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Initially, permission from the Turkish Red Crescent General Directorate and the support of the Turkish Red Crescent Academy were obtained to gather knowledge about the disaster response. In the short term, nutritional support was achieved for some settlements by the Turkish Red Crescent because the affected area was on a large scale. As a result, risk management should be considered, especially when planning nutrition services for the acute period. Nevertheless, the Turkish Red Crescent coordinated the long-term transportation and management of all food aid. Nearly 100 000 earthquake victims received nutrition services from the Turkish Red Crescent, while more than 3 million earthquake victims received food aid from nutrition platforms and other institutions. A multilevel nutrition service management model, which includes pre-disaster, disaster, and post-disaster, can accelerate the transition to normalization following the earthquake with a high-quality food supply and nutrition service.

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