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Techno-economic and environmental analyses of the use of ammonia-diesel dual fuel in compression ignition engines
(Elsevier, 2025) Karagöz, Yasin; Pusat, Şaban; Tunçer, Erdal; Teksan, A. Emre
In this study, a single-cylinder diesel engine, normally running on diesel fuel, was converted to ammonia-diesel dual fuel. The effects of ammonia fuel at different energy content levels (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %) were investigated on thermal efficiency, CO, THC, NOx, and smoke emissions. Subsequently, GWP (Global Warming Potential) emission values and tax calculations were performed. Furthermore, economic and exergy analyses were performed using the present value method for converting the engine to ammonia-diesel dual fuel. Finally, the economic analysis was re-conducted by calculating the carbon tax based on the GWP emission value. Based on the results, the lowest GWP emission values were obtained with the addition of ammonia at 10 % energy content.
Development and validation of an ICF-based new scale—Atılım Kinesiophobia Scale: A methodological study
(Wolters Kluwer, 2025) Uluğ, Naime; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Begen, Sena Nur; Can Karahan, Zehra; Yılmaz, Seval; Adalı, Mehmet Fatih; Aslan, Sema Nur; Uysal, Özgür Selim; Er, Dudu Melek; Tunca, Öznur; Kılıç, Erden
It is important to assess kinesiophobia, which increases the risk of disability by limiting physical activity. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to develop a scale that assesses kinesiophobia with the multidimensional structure of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Atılım Kinesiophobia Scale (AKS) was developed in Turkish by an expert panel using questionnaires replied by 367 subjects. Finally, 38 questions based on the sub-domains of the ICF described by World Health Organization. In the scope of this cross-sectional study content validity and reliability were assessed; construct validity (both convergent and divergent validity) was checked against Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale-17 and Visual Analog Scale. AKS demonstrated good internal consistency and convergent validity, with significant correlations observed with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-17 (r = 0.478, P < .001). Divergent validity was supported by insignificant correlations with the Visual Analog Scale (r = 0.019, P = .855). The Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.862 indicates a high level of internal consistency for the AKS. Based on these findings, the final version of AKS was refined to include 4 factors and 14 items, demonstrating good internal validity. We developed and validated the AKS to assess kinesophobia in patients with acute and/or chronic musculoskeletal pain. This new ICF-based scale can be used to assess kinesiophobia; however further studies are required to prove its validity and reliability in other languages. Abbreviations: AKS = Atılım Kinesiophobia Scale, CFA = confirmatory factor analysis, CFI = comparative fit index, EFA = exploratory factor analysis, ICF = International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, KMO = Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation, SRMR = standardized root mean square residual, TSK = Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, VAS = Visual Analog Scale.
Safety monitoring of colistin therapy in critically ıll neonates with late-onset sepsis: A retrospective observational study
(British Pharmacological Society, 2025) Acargök, Baran Cengiz; Yaman, Akan; Rzayev, Turkay; Jalalzada, Nazlı; Kandemir, İbrahim; Memişoğlu, Aslı; Bilgen, Hülya Selva
This study aimed to evaluate the safety of colistin therapy by monitoring renal function and electrolyte levels in critically ill neonates with late-onset sepsis (LOS) hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2015 and 2021. This ret rospective case–control study included 58 critically ill neonates treated with colistin for late-onset sepsis and 22 control neonates with late-onset sepsis who did not receive colistin. Data were analyzed to compare patient outcomes, microbiological profiles, and side effects of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bayesian calculations to evaluate serum creatinine levels and biochemical parameters over time. Serum creatinine levels showed similar alterations within the first 7days of colistin treatment with moderate evidence. However, serum magnesium and sodium levels were lower on the 7th day in the colistin-treated group compared with the control group. Colistin therapy in critically ill neonates with late-onset sepsis appears to be a viable treatment option with an acceptable short-term safety profile. These findings emphasize the importance of routine monitoring of renal function and electrolyte levels during colistin use in neonatal intensive care to minimize potential complications.
Synthesis and supramolecular architectures of novel hydrazine derivative homometallic schiff base complexes and their spectroscopic and thermal chacterization
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Temizkan Özdamar, Kevser
In this study, a hydrazine-containing Schiff base (ScB) and its metal complexes with five different metals—Co (ScB Co), Cu (ScB-Cu), Pb (ScB-Pb), Mn (ScB-Mn), and Zn (ScB-Zn)-were synthesized and subsequently characterized both structurally and thermally. The ScB was synthesized via an elimination reaction between vanillin and phenylhydrazine in ethanol. Hexadentate homometallic complexes (HMCs) were then obtained by reacting the ScB with five different metal salts in tetrahydrofuran. The structural architecture of the synthesized ScB and its HMCs was elucidated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as proton (1 H) and carbon (13C) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Optical, thermal, and surface characterizations of the structurally confirmed ScB and HMCs were performed using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the char yield of ScB was 28.2%, while the char yields of its metal complexes—ScB-Co, ScB-Cu, ScB-Pb, ScB-Zn, and ScB-Mn—were 5.4%, 27%, 16%, 19%, and 7.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the incorporation of metal ions into the structure reduced its thermal stability, as evidenced by the decreased residue amounts at 1000 °C.
Neurodegenerative effects of boron and other elements on zebrafish and zebrafish embryos
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Özel Korlu, Armağan Begüm; Yarat, Ayşen; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru
Zebrafish are a valuable model for studying neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) because of their rapid development, high reproductivity, and genetic similarity to humans. Their transparency during their early developmental stages and well-characterized nervous system renders them highly valuable for observing neurodevelopmental processes and identifying substances that can be harmful or protective. Various elements have been studied in zebrafish models to gain a clearer understanding of their roles in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. These elements can influence cellular pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function, which are crucial in developing NDs. This review examines how different elements, such as boron, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, manganese, copper, lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, titanium, and tin, affect neural tissues in zebrafish. By synthesizing data from studies on neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of different elements, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of their interaction with neuronal systems. Research in this area continues to uncover these elements’ specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications in protecting neural tissues. A better understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of new treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Senior nursing students' perspectives on nursing management: A qualitative study
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Aydoğdu, Ana Luiza Ferreira; Dişbudak, Büşra
Background Theoretical and practical classes in nursing management are part of nursing programmes; however, students often state a need for more preparation to apply leadership and management skills in clinical settings, highlighting the need for innovative educational approaches. This gap between theoretical preparation and the practical application of leadership and management skills underscores the importance of understanding students’ views on what constitutes effective nurse management. Aim This study aimed to explore final-year nursing students’ perspectives on the essential skills, practice and attitudes that nurse managers should demonstrate. Methods This is a descriptive qualitative study. It comprises written narratives of 35 senior undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected between 23 November 2023, and 4 December 2023. Descriptive thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Five themes were identified: (1) What makes a successful nurse manager, (2) Perspectives on effective leadership in nursing, (3) Fostering empowerment in the nursing team, (4) Building and strengthening team cohesion in nursing and (5) Effective care delivery models. Students believe nurse managers should take on a more effective leadership role. Conclusions Nursing students’ reflections can be utilised to update nursing curricula, to improve student leadership and managerial knowledge and skills as they enter the workforce.
The image of the Turk and oriental discourse in panait istrati’s Kyra Kyralina and Ivo Andrić’s the bridge on the drina
(Brill, 2024) Talay, Haluk İhsan; Griffith, James
In its historical context, the image of the Turk—which presents itself along with the histories, memories and stories throughout Central Europe as well as the Balkans— evolved significantly, owing much to the fact that these regions were and still are inhabited by people of various ethnicities, religions, and cultural structures, and were often focal points of crucial political changes and social developments, including the emergence of the Muslim population amongst the native Orthodox population of the Balkans. Kyra Kyralina and The Bridge on the Drina are works that focus on the condi tion of the Balkans, a region ruled by numerous empires, while using the both histori cal and mythological image of the Turk. This chapter aims to analyze and criticize the stories and memories in these works, specifically in the light of Andre Gingrich’s theory of frontier Orientalism, which largely focuses on the Orientalism observed and understood by the people who are/ were members of the nations placed between and on the borders of the Occident and the Orient. Additionally, this chapter will compare and contrast the different perspec tives on and ideas of the image of the Turk in the novels while analyzing the frontier condition represented by the themes and characters of the works. This image (and the differences between its variations) is emphasized and underlined within the scope of Joep Leerssen’s Imagology and MacMillan’s Images of the Turk in Europe. As is the case with most cultural images, the image of the Turk varies significantly, both in Kyra Kyralina and The Bridge on the Drina.
Association of body mass index with orbital fat volume in lower eyelid blepharoplasty
(Springer Nature, 2025) Solmaz, İskender Alkın; Ertan, Elif
Purpose To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the volume of orbital fat excised during lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 58 patients who underwent bilateral transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty between January and December 2024. Total orbital fat volume was measured intraoperatively using a graduated cylinder. BMI was calculated from preoperative height and weight and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, and univariate and multivariable linear regression. Results The mean age of the patients was 49.2±11.6 years, and the mean BMI was 24.5±3.8 kg/m². The mean total orbital fat volume excised was 2.08 ± 0.94 cc. Fat volume differed significantly across BMI categories (p<0.001), with obese and overweight patients having greater excised fat than normal-weight individuals. Pearson correlation demonstrated a strong positive association between BMI and fat volume (r=0.592, p<0.001). In regression analysis, BMI was the only significant predictor of orbital fat volume, explaining 35.1% of the variance (R²=0.351). Conclusion BMI is strongly associated with orbital fat volume excised during lower eyelid blepharoplasty. These findings suggest that systemic adiposity extends to the periorbital region and highlight the relevance of considering BMI in preoperative planning to optimize surgical outcomes.
Investigation of the association between nitric oxide synthase gene variants and NAFLD in adolescents with obesity
(De Gruyter, 2025) Hasanoğlu Sayın, Sevde; Kandemir, İbrahim; Oyacı, Yasemin; Khudiyeva, Shahri; Şahin, Memduh; Yetim Şahin, Aylin; Pehlivan, Sacide
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme gene variants (iNOS rs1060826, eNOS rs1799983, eNOS 27-bp VNTR) play a role in the etiopathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with obese adolescents [body mass index (BMI) standard devia tion score (SDS) ≥2] aged 10–19 years (104 individuals) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (64 individuals) whose presence of NAFLD was determined by ultrasound. The iNOS rs1060826 and eNOS rs1799983 variants were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Frag ment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the eNOS 27-bp VNTR variant was analyzed using the PCR method. The genotypes detected were compared between the patient group and the healthy controls and with the clinical parameters of the patients. Results: iNOS rs1060826 and eNOS rs1799983 were inde pendent of obesity, whereas eNOS 27-bp VNTR was inde pendent of NAFLD. However, in the obese group, especially in those with NAFLD (+), the iNOS rs1060826 GG genotype was found to be associated with lower diastolic blood pres sure (DBP) (p=0.011). Compared with the clinical parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in those carrying the eNOS rs1799983 gene variant-TT genotype in the NAFLD (+) group (p=0.051). Conclusions: While the three functional gene variants of the NOS enzyme did not show a significant difference in terms of genotype between patients and healthy controls, it was determined that both the iNOS rs1060826 gene variant GG allele was associated with low DBP and HOMA-IR may be higher in those carrying the eNOS rs1799983 gene variant TT genotype in NAFLD (+) patients. The iNOS rs1060826 poly morphism is a potentially important genetic variant that may influence DBP regulation through its effects on nitric oxide production.
Differential expression of erythrocyte proteins in patients with alcohol use disorder
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Boşgelmez, İffet İpek; Güvendik, Gülin; Dilbaz, Nesrin; Esen, Metin
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) poses global health challenges, and causes hematological alterations such as macrocytosis and oxidative stress. Disruption of protein structures by alcohol and/or its metabolites may exacerbate AUDs; proteomics can elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms. This study examined the proteins differentially ex pressed in the cytosol and membrane fractions of erythrocytes obtained from 30 male patients with AUD, comparing them to samples from 15 age- and BMI-matched social drinkers (SDs) and 15 non-drinkers (control). The analysis aimed to identify the molecular differences related to alcohol consumption. The AUD patient subgrouping was based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with 16 individuals classified as having a normal MCV and 14 having a high MCV. Proteins were separated via two-dimensional(2D)-gel electrophoresis, digested with trypsin, and identified via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorp tion/Ionization Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Additionally, levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + HAE), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), disialotransferrin (%DST), and sialic acid (SA) were analyzed. The results showed increased MDA + HAE and decreased total thiols in AUD patients, with GSSG elevated and the GSH/GSSG ratio reduced in the AUD MCV-high subgroup. Serum %CDT, %DST, and SA were significantly higher in AUD. Compared to the control profiles, the AUD group exhibited differential protein expression. Few proteins, such as bisphosphoglycerate mu tase, were downregulated in AUD versus control and SD, as well as in the MCV-high AUD subgroup. Conversely, endoplasmin and gelsolin were upregulated in AUD relative to control. Cytoskeletal proteins, including spectrin-alpha chain, actin cytoplasmic 2, were overexpressed in the AUD group and MCV-high AUD subgroup. Several proteins, such as 14-3-3 isoforms, alpha-synuclein, translation initiation factors, heat shock proteins, and others, were upregulated in the MCV-high AUD subgroup. Under-expressed proteins in this subgroup include band 3 anion transport protein, bisphosphoglycerate mutase, tropomyosin alpha-3 chain, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and WD repeat-containing protein 1. Our findings highlight the specific changes in protein expression associated with oxidative stress, cytoskeletal alterations, and metabolic dysregulation, specifically in AUD patients with an elevated MCV. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions and identifying biomarkers of alcohol-induced cellular damage. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, membrane composition, and cellular function illustrates how chronic alcohol exposure affects cellular physiology.
Evaluation of pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of lasers
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Arat Maden, Eda; Tırnaksız Müftüoğlu, Mine; Özen, Buğra; Altun, Ceyhan
This study aims to evaluate pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices regarding the use of laser tech nology. Additionally, it seeks to identify educational needs to support the accurate and effective implementation of laser applications in pediatric dentistry. The study received ethical approval from the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Com mittee of ………….University. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via email and social media. A total of 233 volunteer pediatric dentists participated in the survey, which included 26 questions across five sections: sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitudes, clinical practices regarding laser use in pediatric dentistry, and laser-related training. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained at the beginning of the survey. The results of the study showed that 85.8% of pediatric dentists were knowledgeable about the use of lasers in pediatric dentistry. How ever, this knowledge was not fully reflected in clinical practice. It was found that only 35.2% of pediatric dentists had performed laser-assisted procedures. Among these, the most frequently performed procedures were frenectomy (73.2%) and the exposure of unerupted teeth (64.6%). Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher among dentists aged 41–50 and those with more than 20 years of professional experience (p<0.05). 73.8% of the participants stated that laser education should be integrated into pediatric dentistry training programs.There are variations in pediatric dentists’ knowledge and clinical practices regarding the use of lasers. To ensure the safe and effective use of this technology, edu cational opportunities need to be improved.
Red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio and other hematological markers as early predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Arcagök, Baran Cengiz; Kandemir, İbrahim
Background/Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently affects preterm infants and is associated with lasting morbidity. Early prediction remains challenging. The present study investigated whether hematological inflammatory markers—platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR)—can predict the development of BPD in preterm neonates. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study involving 100 infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters were collected at birth, 72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks of life. Associations between PLR, RDW, RPR, and BPD development were analyzed. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were carried out to evaluate the predictive performance of the markers. Results: Forty-nine percent of infants developed BPD. Those with BPD had significantly higher RDW, PLR, and RPR values, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts at various time points. Gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, and hematological indices independently predicted BPD. ROC analysis showed that RDW ≥ 67.2 and PLR ≥ 98.13 at 72 h, and RPR ≥ 0.3 at 7 and 14 days had good predictive performance. A combined scoring system, including clinical and hematological markers, achieved high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Hematological inflammatory markers, especially RPR, PLR, and RDW, derived from routine CBC tests may serve as accessible, cost-effective tools for early BPD risk stratification in preterm infants. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and better define their relevance in clinical practice.
Anatomical investigation of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the distribution pattern of oculomotor nerve
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Gayretli, Özcan; Özbilen, Kemal Turgay; Önal, Vildan; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the morphological features of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (LPS) and the variations in the distribution of the oculomotor nerve in the muscle. Methods 100 bilateral orbits from 50 cadavers were included in our study. In our study, the medial, lateral, and middle length, width, and thickness of the LPS were measured from 3 different points and recorded. In addition, the number of branches of the oculomotor nerve entering the LPS muscle was calculated. Results The medial, lateral, and middle length of LPS were 34.85±5.30 mm, 34.62±5.67 mm, 35.77±5.31 mm on the right side and 33.66±4.74 mm, 33.81±4.83 mm, 34.54±5.14 mm on the left side, respectively. The width of the muscle was seen to expand from proximally to distally. It was noted that the middle 1/3 thickness of the LPS was the thickest part of the muscle compared to the other parts. A total of 239 oculomotor branches entered the LPS. The middle 1/3 of the LPS was reached by 151 oculomotor nerve branches. It was noted that the largest number of oculomotor nerves entered the middle 1/3 part of LPS. Conclusion The morphometric and morphological findings of LPS and branches of the oculomotor nerve may be useful in surgical planning for the LPS and levator aponeurosis and in preventing complications during surgical interventions.
Diagnostic value of leukocyte count, c-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in pediatric liver transplant patients during the first week postoperative: A longitudinal study from a tertiary center and a new diagnostic method for predicting systemic infection
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Önal, Zerrin; Türkmen, Elif; Demirkol, Demet; Leblebici, Uğur Can; Kandemir, İbrahim; Yılmaz, Tuğçe Göksu; Torun, Selda Hançerli; Ekiz, Feza; Özden, Ilgın; Durmaz, Özlem
Background/Objectives: Infection is a major complication during the early postoperative period following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent death. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell count (WBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels for detecting bacterial infection and SIRS within the first week after LT. Methods: Demographic data, vital signs, laboratory results (PCT, CRP, WBC), and culture findings on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days between January 2010 and 2024 were collected retrospectively. Results: The study included 88 patients. Seventy-two percent had cirrhotic liver disease. SIRS was present in 17% (n = 15), and bacterial growth was detected in 20% (n = 18). Bacterial growth was found in 80% of patients with SIRS (n = 12/15) and in 8% of SIRS-negative patients (n = 6/73). PCT levels were significantly elevated on days 1, 4, and 7, and CRP lev els on days 4 and 7 in patients with SIRS. PCT elevation was significant on days 1, 4, and 7, while WBC increase was noted on day 7 in patients with bacterial growth. Body temperature ≥ 37.1 ◦C and PCT ≥ 5.1 ng/dL on the first day together showed a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 84.3% for bacterial growth. Similarly, body temperature ≥ 37.1 ◦C and PCT ≥ 9.2 ng/dL on the first day yielded 73% sensitivity and 95% specificity for diagnosing SIRS. Cirrhotic patients exhibited limited or no WBC response to bacterial growth. Conclusions: PCT, CRP, and WBC alone are insufficient for diagnosing infection. Combined assessment of body temperature changes and PCT elevation may serve as more accurate indicators. Nonetheless, close monitoring of culture results and clinical signs, with serial physical exams, can aid timely infection management or prevent unnecessary antibiotic adjustments.
Energy and exergy analysis of a cycle‑skipping strategy in an HCCI engine fueled with natural gas
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Atak, Nisa Nur; Tunçer, Erdal; Doğan, Battal; Ünal, Kenan
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have attracted considerable interest due to its incorporation of features from both gasoline and diesel engines. In this study, the effects of cycle-skipping strategies on engine perfor mance, efficiency, and emissions in a natural gas-fired HCCI engine were investigated experimentally. Experiments were conducted under constant engine speed, at 25, 50, and 75% load levels, in the Normal, 3 Normal-1 Skip (3N1S), 2 Normal-1 Skip (2N1S), and 1 Normal-1 Skip (1N1S) cycle modes. Emissions, fuel consumption, energy–exergy flow, thermal losses, irreversibilities, entropy generation, thermal, and exergy efficiencies were calculated based on the experimental data. Under 50% engine load, the NOx emission in the 3N1S operating mode was measured at 1594 ppm, whereas it increased by 52.5% to 2431 ppm in the 2N1S mode. The correlation between cycle-skipping tactics and thermal efficiency was determined to be contingent upon engine load. In Normal and 3N1S modes, thermal efficiency generally improves with elevated engine loads, while the 2N1S and 1N1S modes provide superior performance at low to medium loads. At a constant 50% load, heat effi ciency in the 2N1S mode increased by 7.84% to reach 28.34% compared to the Normal mode. Additionally, thermodynamic analyses revealed that the 1N1S mode has the lowest entropy generation and the least irreversibility, at 0.021 kW/K. These results demonstrate that cycle-skipping strategies can be an effective tool for optimizing engine performance based on load.
Investigation of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using zinc oxide-supported chitosan hydrogel beads
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Kaba, İbrahim; Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Kılıç, Behris
In this study, chitosan-based ZnO supported hydrogels (CZ–H) were synthesized to evaluatetheir photocatalytic degradation performance against methyl orange (MO) dye. The compos-ite hydrogels were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis DRS, ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier TransformInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These characterization results confirmed the successful forma-tion of the CZ–H composite structure. The band gap of the composite was approximately2.77 eV, supporting enhanced photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic experiments showedthat CZ–H removed 74% of MO within 60 min, compared to 42% for pure chitosan beads,with reaction rate constants of 0.0237 min−1 and 0.0113 min−1, respectively. Moreover, theCZ–H beads demonstrated good reusability with minimal loss in efficiency over multiplecycles. These findings highlight the potential of CZ–H as a stable, effective, and reusablephotocatalyst for the efficient removal of dyes from wastewater.
Harnessing GPT technology for clinical decision support in retinal detachment
(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Ağın, Abdullah; Öztürk, Yücel; Kıvrak, Ulviye
Aim: Considering the increasing incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, it is crucial to comprehend the advantages and constraints of these technologies within ophthalmologic settings for their secure and efficient clinical utilization. This study aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy of three leading Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) -based platforms in providing clinical decision-support for retinal detachment (RD). Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between April 2024 and May 2024. Fifty questions were created based on the American Academy of Ophthalmology “Retina Book”, specifically targeting RD. The answers were produced by three different platforms and assessed by three independent reviewers who used Likert scales to evaluate their comprehensiveness and accuracy. Six readability metrics, including the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), average words per sentence, average syllables per word, total sentence count, and total word count, were assessed. Results: Gemini earned the most outstanding results for comprehensiveness (4.11±0.72) and accuracy (1.49±0.61), followed by ChatGPT and Copilot. ChatGPT had superior readability metrics, achieving an FKGL of 15.62±2.85 and a FRES of 62.54±12.34, establishing it as the most accessible platform. ChatGPT demonstrated significantly higher performance compared to other platforms in the metrics of average syllables per word (p=0.0421) and total word count (p=0.0115). At the same time, no significant differences were found among the platforms in the metrics of average words per sentence (p=0.0842) and total sentence count (p=0.1603). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values indicated strong inter-rater agreement for comprehensiveness (ICC >0.74) and moderate to-high agreement for accuracy (ICC >0.56). Conclusion: Gemini’s detailed and accurate responses position it as a robust tool for professional use, while ChatGPT’s superior readability makes it suitable for patient education. These findings emphasize the synergistic advantages of AI platforms in research and development management and show the necessity for hybrid systems that integrate accessibility with accuracy.
Management of acute variceal bleeding: Updated APASL guidelines
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya; Shukla, Akash; Kumar, Ashish; Shalimar; Qi, Xiaolong; Gani, Rino Alvani; Dökmeci, Abdul Kadir; Örmeci, Necati; Sarin, Shiv Kumar
Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension (PHT), having a six-week mortality of 10%-20%. Major advances in the hemodynamic management, risk stratification, pharmacotherapy, endoscopy techniques, hemostatic devices and radiological interventions have led to improved management and outcome of AVB patients in the recent past. Therefore, the APASL Portal Hypertension Working Party, chose a panel of experts, primarily from the Asia–Pacific region, to identify important developments and controversial areas in the field of AVB. They discussed through a pre-defined and structured process, advances in the field and proposed updates to the previous APASL AVB guidelines. These included emphasis on safe transportation, defining time frames for AVB episodes and re-bleeding, reporting of clinical outcomes, optimizing early intervention strategies, pharmacotherapy, medical management, endoscopic therapies, and salvage modalities, including TIPS and self-expanding metal stents. The current updates also cover variceal bleeding in special populations and situations, the skill sets required for managing AVB patients, and the research priorities in the field. The updated guidelines are based on the latest evidence and incorporate emerging trends to provide a contemporary template for management of AVB in both patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Palatal donor site management using tissue adhesives with adjunctive coconut oil in a randomized clinical trial
(Springer Nature, 2025) Yılmaz, Melis; Balcı, Nur; Günay, Bestegül; Parlak, Hanife Merva; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Toygar, Hilal; Keçeli, Hüseyin Gencay
Management of the complications occurring in the donor area after epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) harvesting still poses a challenge for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gelatin sponge (GS), cyanoacrylate (CY), and coconut oil (CO) combination in comparison with GS+CY in donor site management. Fifty EGG were harvested from the lateral palate in 50 patients, who were subsequently randomized to receive the GS+CY (control) or GS+CY+CO combination (test). Postoperative pain perception (PP), quantity of analgesics (QA), epithelization level (EL), color match (CM), sensation loss (SL), postoperative discomfort (PD), and delayed bleeding (DB) were evaluated. The GS+CY+CO group showed lower PP scores compared to the GS+CY (p<0.05). The QA intake was similar in both groups. On day 14, the GS+CY+CO group achieved 80% full EL rate, which was higher than the GS+CY group (32%) (p=0.002). CM scores were higher in the GS+CY+CO group at all follow up periods (p<0.001). Both groups reported similar SL, PD, and DB values (p>0.05). GS+CY+CO combination is more effective in reducing pain compared to GS+CO in donor site management after EGG harvesting. Additionally, GS+CY+CO combination may accelerate epithelialization and improve color match compared to GS+CY alone.
Endometrial sampling in the absence of hysteroscopy: Insights from more than 1000 dilatation and curettage cases
(Wiley, 2025) Şentürk, Şenol; Aydın, Gerçek; Can Bayrak, Çiğdem; Hatırnaz, Şafak; Stojković, Marta; Sparic, Radmila; Pecorella, Giovanni; Tinelli, Andrea
Objectives: The aim of this epidemiological study is to present the distribution of histopathological results of endometrial biopsies performed for indications in women and their relationship with symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) assessed by endometrial biopsy between January 2020 and July 2022. Analyzing the distribution and association of patients' demographic traits, biopsy motivations, and histopathologic findings was the main goal of the study. Results: A total of 1216 patients were included in the study, and their average age was 48.48 ± 8.79 years. AUB was found to be the most common reason for biopsy (n= 616; 50.7%). The most common diagnosis among the histologic findings (320; 26.3%) was endometrial polyp. The most common symptoms among individuals with premalignant and malignant diseases were AUB, endometrial thickening, and postmenopausal hemorrhage. Additionally, it was determined that 21 (6.3%) postmenopausal patients had inadequate material. Conclusions: The most common histologic diagnosis from the procedure was endometrial polyp. It is important to make sure that the sample taken includes the entire uterine cavity because postmenopausal women may have insufficient biopsy samples. This is especially true if a hysteroscopy with biopsy cannot be performed (for a variety of reasons). In fact, suspect endometrial cancers should be thoroughly evaluated by hysteroscopy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and atypical uterine bleeding.

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