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Trace determination of cobalt in heather leaf tea by matrix matching calibration assisted flame atomic absorption spectrometry following a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction utilizing a Schiff base ligand
(Elsevier, 2025) Atakol, Arda; Zeydanlı, Damla; Göver, Tuğçe; Atakol, Melike; Serbest, Hakan; Karakebap, Kübra; Büyük, Muhammed Ali; Atakol, Orhan; Bakırdere, Sezgin
In this study, an analytical method that involves dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and enrichment of Co was developed for its determination in heather leaf tea infusions. N,N’-bis(2-hydrox yacetophenylidene)-1,3-propanediamine was utilized to form the complex extracted in chloroform with meth anol as a dispersive solvent. The experimental parameters were optimized to allow for an enhancement of detection power by 35.6-folds compared to direct FAAS measurements while lowering the limit of detection to 0.0154 mg/L and the limit of quantification to 0.0513 mg/L and providing a linear range of 0.050–0.75 mg/L. Spiked recovery experiments were conducted on two brands of heather leaf tea where a matrix matching strategy was employed for further reduction of interferences. The recovery results obtained in the range of 78.7–128.4 % supported the accuracy of the proposed method that promises an economical and easy-to-apply process for the trace determination of cobalt in herbal tea matrices.
Thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analysis of a UAV two stroke engine fueled with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol blends
(Elsevier, 2025) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Demir, Usame; Gülcan, Halil Erdi
In recent years, as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) engines has increased in various application areas such as military fields, defense, emergencies, and mapping, the use of these engines with fossil-based fuels has raised environmental concerns. The addition of heavy alcohols such as octanol and hexanol, which have high energy densities, to the fossil-based fuels used may help reduce environmental concerns and contribute to per formance improvement. In this study, the performance, emissions, thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analysis of a two-stroke engine operating with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol fuels in a UAV is conducted. There are no studies in the literature that examine the energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic aspects of a two-stroke UAV engine operating with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol fuel mixtures. The aim of this study is to understand the performance and emission characteristics of used heavy alcohols such as octanol and hexanol in a two-stroke UAV engine, and to examine them from a thermodynamic perspective. The experiments are carried out at different shaft speed ranges (3250, 3750, 4500, 5250, and 6250 rpm). Additionally, seven different fuels are used in the experiments: gasoline, gasoline-octanol mixtures (volumetrically 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %), and gasoline-hexanol mixtures (volumetrically 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %). The results show that increasing the octanol content in gasoline to 30 % (OC30) reduces the specific fuel con sumption (SFC) by up to 5.5 % (at 6250 shaft speed), while increasing the hexanol content to 30 % (HX30) increases it by 6 % (at 5250 shaft speed). CO emissions decrease by an average of 5.3 % and 9.2 % with OC30 and HX30 fuels, respectively (both at 6250 shaft speed), while CO2 emissions increase by an average of 3 % and 10 % with OC30 and HX30 fuels, respectively. With OC30 fuel, the exergetic destruction decreases by an average of 6 % compared to gasoline, while with HX30 fuel, it increases by an average of 3.3 %. OC30 increases the exergetic efficiency by an average of 5.4 % compared to gasoline, whereas HX30 decreases it by 2.9 %.
Trace copper determination in mate tea and tap water using FAAS and spray-assisted liquid phase microextraction
(Elsevier, 2025) Karakebap, Kübra; Serbest, Hakan; Turak, Fatma; Bakırdere, Sezgin
In the present study, a rapid, efficient and environmentally friendly analytical approach was proposed for the determination of trace copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after spray-assisted fine droplet formation based liquid phase microextraction (SFDF-LPME), which eliminates the use of dispersing solvents. With the help of a simple nozzle apparatus, an efficient distribution of the extraction solvent into the sample was achieved. The developed SFDF-LPME-FAAS method achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 µg L− 1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.2 µg L− 1 under optimal conditions. A wide linear range was recorded with a regression coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9987 between 5.0 and 100 µg L− 1 . The improvement in sensitivity was found to be 57.4-fold by comparing the slopes of the calibration plot equation of FAAS and SFDF-LPME-FAAS systems. The feasibility of the SFDF-LPME-FAAS method was evaluated by recovery studies using mate tea extracts and tap water samples. The good recovery results obtained for tap water samples and mate tea extracts in the range of 81.1 % - 113.8 % and 85.5 % - 120.8 %, respectively, showed that the method is applicable to similar matrices.
Evaluation of the falx cerebri from the perspective of the fenestra and its possible clinical outcomes
(Istanbul University Press, 2025) Sağlam, Latif; Bayram, Melis; Gayretli, Özcan; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin; Öztürk, Adnan
Objective: The human falx cerebri is an important anatomical structure due to the hemispheres it is adjacent to and the dural venous sinuses it contains. It is also an important landmark in determining the midline in the interhemispheric transcallosal ap proach for lateral and third ventricular tumours in neurosurgical practises. Thus, the goal of this cadaveric study was to investi gate the existence, number, and topography of fenestra on the falx cerebri in the Turkish population. Material and Methods: For this study, 60 adult Turkish cadaveric dura maters were examined. The number of falx cerebris and the existence and topography of fenestra on the falx cerebri was de termined. The length and width of the fenestra were measured using a digital compass. Result: All falces cerebrum were single, and no double or triple falx cerebri were observed. There was fenestra on the falx cerebri in five cases (8.3% of all cases), and two of them included multi ple foramina (%40 of all fenestrae). In addition, one fenestra was on the middle part of the falx cerebri, whereas the other was placed on the posterior part of this partition. The mean length and width of these fenestrae were 23.3x7.5 mm. Conclusion: The novel findings documented in this study may be important to increase the success rate of diagnostic and op erative procedures of the falx cerebri or adjacent structures and to minimise intraoperative complications during neurosurgical applications.
Development of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of the charge-transfer complex of aripiprazole in pharmaceutical formulations: Spectrometric characteristics and analytical applications
(Taras Shevchenko National University, 2024) Dinçel, Demet; Bahadori, Fatemeh; Kepekçi Tekkeli, Şerife Evrim; Önal, Armağan
This study presents a simple, rapid, and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Aripiprazole (ARP) in tablets. The determination procedure is based on the reaction of ARP with 7,7,8,8-tet racyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), producing a colored product that was quantitated spectrophotometrically at 392 nm. Various variables affecting the reaction were optimized. The method exhibited a good linearity range with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994, observed as 0.25–3 μg/mL. The developed method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, assessing specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The formation of the CT-complex and the interaction sites were confirmed by elemental analysis, DSC, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ARP in pharmaceutical preparation.
A little-known vaginitis-like picture: Cytolytic vaginosis
(Clinical Laboratory Publications, 2025) Kömeç, Selda; Aydın, Mustafa Derya
Background: Cytolytic vaginosis (CV) is a condition characterized by an increase in lactobacilli in the vaginal flora, causing complaints of discharge, itching, dyspareunia, and dysuria. Since there are no antimicrobials in the treatment protocols of CV, the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria of which were first defined by Cibley, differential diagnosis of CV from other vaginitis agents will prevent unnecessary use of antimicrobials and recurrent com-plaints. In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of CV in patients presenting with vaginitis complaints and the diagnostic accuracy of the diagnostic criteria. Methods: In total, 140 women, 103 with vaginitis complaints and 37 without vaginitis complaints, were examined for bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv), and CV. For the diagnosis of CV, vaginal pH ≤ 4.5, the presence of a large number of lactobacilli in Gram staining, the presence of false clue cells, cytolysis in vaginal epithelial cells, leukocyte deficiency or absence, absence of Tv, BV, or VVC were used. Results: Out of 103 patients, 30 (29.1%) had BV, 20 (19.4%) had VVC, 20 (19.4%) had CV, 5 (4.9%) had BV and VVC, and 4 (3.9%) had Tv. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria were 80% and 99% for epithelial cytolysis, 70% and 99% for false clue cells, 100% and 86% for pH ≤ 4.5, and 100% and 56% for numerous lactobacilli, respectively. Conclusions: In Turkey and worldwide, CV is not considered in vaginitis cases. In our study, the high rate of 19.4% in vaginitis cases shows the need for comprehensive research on this subject.
Maternal health experiences on respectful and adequate care of immigrant women: A prospective multicenter study
(Wiley, 2024) Topçu, Elif Göknur; Terzioğlu, Merve; Okumuş, Zihniye Gonca; Şavklı, Ayşe Özge; Demirkıran, Cansu İrem
Objective: Migration of pregnant women can be challenging. Access to adequate and respectful care may not be possible. We aimed to assess the maternity care that im migrant women receive and their satisfaction with the care they experience. Methods: This multicenter prospective study was conducted in a tertiary public hos pital and a private hospital in Istanbul between April 2023 and July 2023. A face-to face questionnaire was completed in the postpartum department by obstetricians and translators. Results: In total, 267 patients participated in this study. A majority of these patients delivered at the public hospital (75%). Approximately 21% of all deliveries in both hos pitals were with foreign mothers. A majority of the patients (82%) in the public hospi tal said they easily reached midwives, nurses, and an obstetrician, while this number rose to 100% in the private hospital. Patients in the private hospital had a higher average number of obstetrician visits compared to those in the public hospital, which was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Patients in the public hospital were significantly less informed about various maternity topics than those in the private hospital group (P< 0.001 for all topics). Most patients said their ideas and thoughts were taken seri ously by the health care providers (80% and 97% in the public and private hospitals, respectively). Almost all patients recommended giving birth in the same hospital (94% vs. 96%, public and private hospitals, respectively), while around 99% recommended giving birth in Turkey. Conclusion: Immigrant women are overall satisfied with the care they receive in both public and private hospitals. They have easier access to obstetricians in private hospi tals, as well as being more informed on maternal health issues. Clinical efforts should focus on patient education in antenatal care.
Ultrasound-assisted enhancement of bioactive compounds in hawthorn vinegar: A functional approach to anticancer and antidiabetic effects
(Elsevier, 2025) Öğüt, Selim; Türkol, Melikenur; Yıkmış, Seydi; Bozgeyik, Esra; Abdi, Gholamreza; Koçyiğit, Emine; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Seyidoğlu, Nilay; Karakçı, Deniz; Tokatlı, Nazlı
In this study, the effects of ultrasound treatment on bioactive components and functional properties of hawthorn vinegar (Crataegus tanacetifolia) were investigated. Parameters such as total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid (AA), DPPH radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC reducing capacity were optimised by surface response method (RSM) and 14 min duration and 61.40 % amplitude were determined as the most suitable treatment conditions. The results showed that ultrasound treatment improved the antioxidant properties of hawthorn vinegar by increasing TPC, TFC, DPPH and CUPRAC values. In addition, it was observed that hawthorn vinegar samples exhibited anticancer effects in cell culture experiments. In experiments on A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and HT-29 (colon) cancer cell lines, ultrasound-treated vinegar increased apoptotic effects, suppressed cell migration and reduced necrosis rates in some cell lines. In particular, ultrasound treatment of vinegar resulted in a reduction in the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-2 and XIAP) and an enhancement in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX). These findings suggest that ultrasound technology preserves and enhances the bioactive components of hawthorn vinegar, improves its anticancer properties and increases its potential for use as a functional food product.
New 2-indolinone-indole hybrid compounds carrying a benzoyl moiety as tyrosine kinase inhibitors
(Elsevier, 2025) Camcı Eren, Merve; Cinek, Tuğçe; Cihan Üstündağ, Gökçe; Özen Eroğlu, Güneş; Yıldırım, Merve; Genç Akar, Öyküm; Erol Bozkurt, Ayşe; Sancar, Serap; Öztay, Füsun; Soylu Eter, Özge; Bolkent, Şehnaz; Kuruca, Serap
In this study, new 2-indolinone-indole hybrid compounds (4a-s) carrying a benzoyl moiety were synthesized and their cytotoxic effects were examined against pancreatic (MIA-PaCa-2) and colon (HT-29 and HCT-116) cancer cells by MTT assays. Most of the tested compounds exhibited a better inhibitory activity and safety profile than the reference standard sunitinib malate against MIA-PaCa-2 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Compound 4e displayed the greatest cytotoxic effect on HCT-116 cell with an IC50 value of 0.16 µM and a remarkable selectivity profile (SI > 625). Compound 4g exhibited a selective activity against HCT-116 cancer cell (IC50 = 0.34 µM), with no activity against the other cells at the highest concentrations tested. Compound 4b demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity against MIA-PaCa-2 cell (IC50 = 0.54 µM). General tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) activities and apoptotic effects were examined for compounds 4b, 4e and 4g. The tested compounds were observed to significantly reduce general TK activities in HCT-116 cell and induce apoptosis in HCT-116 and MIA-PaCa-2 cells. Lead compound 4e, the most effective general TKI, was determined to have a specific SRC kinase inhibitor effect in HCT-116 cell and the molecular modelling studies were performed to understand the potential binding mode at the ATP-binding domain of SRC kinase.
Quantification of agnuside in human plasma with a novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method and pharmacokinetic study
(Oxford University Press, 2025) Egeli, Derya; Tiris, Gizem; Kepekçi Tekkeli, Şerife Evrim
This study presents a combination of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) detection that provides the quantification of agnuside in human plasma specimens. Reverse-phase chromatographic separation was carried out with C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), at 25°C with isocratic elution of the mobile phase containing methanol: 0.1% formic acid (35:65 v/v) at 0.6 mL/min flow rate. Experiments were carried out at a wavelength of 258 nm. The retention time of the analyte is 9.70 ± 0.01 min. The developed technique was validated based on the International Conference on Harmonization guideline. The correlation coefficient of the technique was 0.9915, and the calibration range was 5–125 μg/mL. The recovery value of the proposed method was found to be 101.4%, and the precision of the method was calculated as 6.35 with the highest RSD% value. A pharmacokinetic study was performed by administering agnuside to a healthy volunteer.
Toward green and sustainable zinc-ion batteries: The potential of natural solvent-based electrolytes
(Wiley, 2025) Yaman Uzunoğlu, Gülşah; Yüksel, Recep
Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable energy storage, offering advantages such as safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, conventional aqueous electrolytes in ZIBs face significant challenges, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and zinc dendrite formation, compromising their cycling stability and safety. These limitations necessitate innovative electrolyte solutions to enhance ZIB performance while maintaining sustainability. This review explores the potential of natural solvent-based electrolytes derived from renewable and biodegradable resources. Natural deep eutectic solvents (DES), bio-ionic liquids, and biomass-derived organic compounds present unique advantages, including a wider electrochemical stability window, reduced HER activity, and controlled zinc deposition. Examples include DESs based on choline chloride (ChCl), glycerol-based systems, and biomass-derived solvents such as γ-valerolactone (GVL) and aloe vera, demonstrating improved cycling stability and dendrite suppression. Despite their promise, challenges such as high viscosity, cost, and scalability remain critical barriers to commercialization. This review underscores the need for further research to optimize natural solvent formulations, enhance Zn anode compatibility, and integrate these systems into practical applications. By addressing these challenges, natural solvent-based electrolytes can pave the way for safer, high-performance, and environmentally sustainable ZIBs, particularly large-scale energy storage systems.
Viewpoints of nurse auditors regarding the profession: A qualitative study
(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Aydoğdu, Ana Luiza Ferreira
Abstract Purpose – This study aims to understand the experiences of Brazilian nurse auditors in the practice of their profession, exploring the importance, challenges, rewards and strategies related to the occupation. Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative descriptive study conducted with 44 nurse auditors. An online, open-ended questionnaire was used. Thematic content analysis was performed. Findings – Five themes were identified: (1) functions of a nurse auditor; (2) skills required for a nurse auditor; (3) learning to be a nurse auditor; (4) advantages of being a nurse auditor and (5) challenges faced by a nurse auditor. Also, a total of 16 subthemes were presented. Research limitations/implications – The study critically examined essential aspects of auditing through the lens of nurse auditors, addressing a relevant topic. However, limitations must be acknowledged, including the use of self-report questionnaires, regional representation disparities, the scarcity of international articles on the topic and potential researcher bias. Practical implications – The study underscores the importance of increasingly integrating nurse auditors into the workforce while emphasizing the need to enhance the capacitation of these professionalsthrough theoretical and practical education. It highlights the significance of educating other multidisciplinary team members about the nurse auditor’s crucial role in fostering teamwork and ensuring the quality of healthcare services. Originality/value – To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study conducted with Brazilian nurse auditors, exploring crucial aspects of auditing from the perspective of these professionals. Understanding the critical role of nurse auditorsinmaintaining and improving healthcare quality can enhance public trust in healthcare systems.
A study of psychological violence in intimate partner relationships among university students: A mixed-methods research
(Springer, 2025) Keçeci, Berra; Ümmet, Durmuş
The aim of this study is to examine university students’ attitudes and experiences regarding psychological violence in intimate partner relationships in the context of attachment styles, gender roles, and parasocial interactions. In this study, a mixed-methods research design, specifically the explanatory sequential design, was employed. In the quantitative phase, the attitudes of 508 university student participants towards dating violence were examined with structural equation modeling in terms of attachment styles, parasocial interaction levels and gender roles perceptions. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 university students who had experienced psychological violence in their romantic relationships, and the interviews were analyzed with the interpretive phenomenological analysis method. According to the conducted structural equation model, anxious attachment and avoidant attachment predict attitudes towards female psychological dating violence, while anxious attachment predicts attitudes towards male psychological dating violence. In the qualitative phase, the analysis revealed four main themes concerning perceptions of attachment styles: self, attitudes in relationships, evaluation tendencies in relationships, and relationship maintenance styles. Regarding perceptions of gender roles, two main themes emerged: gender equality and relationship roles. Media interactions yielded three main themes: interaction engagement, social learning effects, and the role of media within relationships. Lastly, perceptions of romantic relationship experiences were organized into four main themes: relationship encounters, relationship expectations, relationship issues, and dating violence. The findings suggest that people’s attachment styles, gender roles and interactions with different media channels are effective in their attitudes and experiences towards psychological violence in dating. The results emphasize that personal and social patterns are important in attitudes towards dating violence and that further studies on this subject should be increased.
The impact of domestic violence and sexual assault on family dynamics and child development: A comprehensive review
(AVES, 2025) Brockstedt, Matthias; Uğur Baysal, Serpil; Daştan, Kadir
This review synthesizes current research on domestic violence and sexual assault, focusing on their short-term and long-term effects on family dynamics, particularly on the development and well-being of children and adolescents. The article employs a curated body of literature, including surveys, reviews, program evaluations, and international health reports, to elucidate the direct and collateral damage caused by such trauma within families. The review critically examines the intersecting consequences of abuse, including immediate psychological distress and long-term socio-economic and educational disruptions for affected youths. Additionally, the review examines structural impediments and cultural intricacies that shape reporting prac tices and access to support services. The role of civil legal aid and victim advocacy in promoting survivor safety and justice is discussed, supported by findings from service evaluation studies. The review also addresses the exacerbating effects of the Coronavirus pandemic on domes tic violence rates and service provision, noting increased occurrences of domestic abuse and decreased pursuit of urgent care and support, highlighting research conducted from the pan demic’s start through 2023. Emergent studies reveal a rise in domestic abuse occurrences and a decline in urgent care and support pursuit, emphasizing the need for adapted intervention strategies. The review offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers, and community organizations, stressing the necessity of persistent and collaborative efforts to address and prevent domestic violence. The ultimate goal is to advocate for a stron ger international response to repair harm and prevent future occurrences, ensuring a safer environment for all family members, particularly children and adolescents.
Effect of biphenyl derivative of coumarin compounds photodynamic therapy on the expression of carcinoma-associated genes
(Slovensko Kemijsko Drustvo, 2024) Gök Yurttaş, Asiye; Elgün, Tuğba; Erkal Çam, Burçin; Kefeli, Melike; Çınar, Kamil
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment. Singlet oxygen is produced as a result of the photochemical reaction between light, photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen, which kills cells. Colon cancer, affecting 1.23 million people worldwide, often requires surgery but has high recurrence and metastasis rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) repre-sents an alternative treatment for colon cancer. This study used MTT assays to evaluate cell viability and applied Zinc (II) Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizers to the colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line to investigate cancer pathways via flow cytometry and q-PCR. The results showed that PDT with ZnPc significantly reduced cell viability in HT-29 cells and induced apoptosis at a rate of 53%. According to q-PCR results, CT values of ten out of thirty genes were significant, and their association with cancer was evaluated.
DPPH antioxidant assays, molecular docking studies and ADMET predictions of some 4-chloromethyl substituted coumarin compounds
(Adıyaman Üniversitesi, 2024) Özgül Artuç, Gamze
Coumarins and their derivatives, which are secondary metobalites of many plants, are heterocyclic bioactive compounds with various biological properties. Due to these properties, the synthesis of various derivatives and the investigation of their properties are of great interest. 4- (chloromethyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methyl coumarin (1), 4-(chloromethyl)-7-hydroxy-8-methyl coumarin (2), and 4-(chloromethyl)-7-hydroxy coumarin (3) synthesized by Pechmann condensation reaction and characterized by FT-IR, NMR spectral data and elemental analysis data. The antioxidant capacities of the compounds were investigated by difhenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenger assay using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The interactions of the compounds with ROS-producing cytochrome P-450, xanthine oxidase, lipooxygenase, monoamine oxidase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase enzymes were investigated by molecular docking. All compounds interacted well in the active binding site of most of the enzymes (about 6-8 kcal/mol). The pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic properties of the compounds, indicating their potential as drug candidates, were analyzed by ADMET predictions. All the results obtained showed that the compounds have properties that could be drug candidates.
Preconcentration of bismuth using nickel hydroxide nanoflower from water samples and determination by FAAS
(Springer, 2025) Yıldız, Barış; Durukan, İlknur; Şaylan, Meltem; Zaman, Buse Tuğba; Bakırdere, Sezgin
In this study, a preconcentration strategy based on Ni(OH)2 nanofowers (NFs) was developed for the extraction/separation of bismuth ions from environmental water samples before the determination by fame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The homogeneous coprecipitation method was employed for the synthesis of the fower-shaped Ni(OH)2 and used as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of bismuth. The extraction variables were determined by a univariate optimization strategy to obtain maximum extraction performance. The optimal parameters of the method were as follows: 15 min mechanical shaking at 120 rpm, pH 6.0 bufer solution (1.0 mL), 20 mg of sorbent, and 250 µL of 6.0 M nitric acid for the elution. Under the optimized instrumental and extraction conditions, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantitation), and linear dynamic range were determined as 2.8 µg/L, 9.4 µg/L, and 0.010–0.30 mg/L, respectively. The enhancement factor of the sorbent-based method was calculated as 139.1-folds by comparing the slopes of calibration plots obtained from FAAS and the preconcentration method. To assess the feasibility and reliability of the developed method, tap water and spring water samples were analyzed under optimized conditions. The satisfactory %recoveries were obtained close to 100% using the direct comparison method. The obtained results show that the presented method is a promising candidate for efcient extraction and trace determination of bismuth in several sample mediums.
CXCR1 gene SNP variability that affects mastitis resistance in Holstein cows in Türkiye
(Kafkas Üniversitesi, 2025) Avanus, Kozet; Yılmaz, Alper; Güneş, Halil; Altınel, Ahmet; Ekiz, Bülent; Yalçıntan, Hülya; Keçici, Dilara; Doğan, Nurşen
Genotyping 16 SNPs of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) gene region which affects host resistance against mastitis disease was carried out in Holstein cows raised in Türkiye. In this study, the frequency of the undesirable C allele in the CXCR1 c.771C>G polymorphic region, associated with an incomplete response, was found to be high. Additionally, the genotypes c.1016AA and c.1016GG, which contribute to mastitis resistance, were observed at low frequencies. Several SNP loci in the CXCR1 gene, including c.606G>A, c.678G>A, c.1104G>A, c.1119+6C, c.1119+7A, and c.1119+10, significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P<0.0001), indicating violations of HWE assumptions such as random mating and absence of selection. The deviations at c.606G>A, c.678G>A, and c.1104G>A suggest strong selection pressures, likely due to artificial selection in Holstein cattle. These variants are synonymous mutations that do not alter the amino acid sequence but may influence protein synthesis through effects on mRNA stability, splicing, or translation efficiency. Furthermore, the absence of heterozygotes at loci c.1119+6C, c.1119+7A, and c.1119+10, which are located on untranslated regions (UTRs), potentially affecting gene expression by regulating mRNA stability, localization, or translation initiation, points to genetic drift or population substructure. These findings are important for understanding genetic variability and can inform marker-assisted selection programs to enhance breeding strategies while preserving genetic diversity for traits like disease resistance and milk production.
Comparison of ocular posterior segment parameters in the pediatric population with migraine without aura and tension-type headache
(Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, 2024) Kıvrak, Ulviye; Köle, Mehmet Tolga; Kandemir, İbrahim; Kaytan, İsmail
Background. This study aims to compare the posterior ocular structure parameters in children with migraine without aura (MWA), tension-type headache (TTH), and a healthy control group. Methods. The study included 31 patients with MWA, 29 patients with TTH, and 38 healthy controls between 6 and 18 years of age. For all participants, the detailed eye examination and measurements including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), macular vessel densities and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA), were obtained from the patient files. Results. The mean age was 12.1±3.3 years in MWA patients, 12.4±2.8 years in TTH patients, and 11.9±3.8 years in the healthy controls (p=0.844). Among the groups, the mean pRNFL thickness, CMT, and SCT values were lowest in the MWA group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.621, p=0.854 and p=0.201, respectively). The mean and four-quadrant (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal) pRNFL thicknesses, the CMT, and the SCT were not statistically significant between the groups (p=0.621, p=0.500, p=0.186, p=0.565, p=0.744, p=0.854 and p=0.201, respectively). The macular vascular densities were lower in MWA patients than in the other two groups, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups only in the nasal quadrant of the deep retinal capillary plexus (p = 0.014). There were also no statistically significant differences between the groups in the superficial and deep FAZ area parameters (p=0.652 and p=0.985). Conclusion. This study suggested that differential diagnosis between MWA and TTH can be difficult in childhood, as these conditions, which can present with ocular symptoms, may also be characterized by changes in posterior segment parameters. Long-term studies incorporating OCT-A in larger patient populations may provide valuable insights into retinal changes associated with these two distinct headache spectrums.
Sex and income level can be determinants for meat attachment behavior among Turkish university students
(AfAc Publisher, 2024) Günalan, Elif; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Background: The Meat Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ) is a scale to measure the positive bond in meat consumption. Aims: This study aimed to validate and assess reliability of the Turkish version of the MAQ and to explore its relationship with various factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, meat consumption habits, and subscales of the Green Eating Survey (GES). Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out with 214 university students. Participants completed the MAQ, the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the GES. Statistical analyses including item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient test - retest reliability, one-way ANOVA, Welch ANOVA, t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and post hoc tests (Tukey’s HSD and Games-Howell), were performed using SPSS (version 26). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the lavaan (version 0.6 – 13) and semPlot (version 1.1.6) R packages. Results: All factor loadings were statistically significant, and high fit indices were obtained for the model tested in the second-order CFA model. (χ2 /df = 151,93/101 = 1.50; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.08; NFI = 0.97; NNFI = 0.99; CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.98; AGFI = 0.97). Significant differences were found in several MAQ subscale scores: hedonism, entitlement, dependence, and global scores were higher among men (p < 0.05). The entitlement score was significantly higher in the “income < expenses “group compared to the “income = expenses “group (p < 0.05). Participants with higher red meat and poultry consumption exhibited significantly higher hedonism, dependence, and global MAQ scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Turkish version of the MAQ can be accepted as a reliable and valid scale for use among university students. While factors such as sex, income level, and meat consumption appear to influence MAQ scores, body mass index and green eating behaviors do not have a direct effect

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