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Ultra-fast liquid chromatographic determination of atomoxetine, duloxetine, paroxetine, fluoxetine and sertraline in tap water, urine, and pharmaceutical formulations using 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as a derivatization reagent
(Editura Acad Romane, 2026) Önal, Cem; Ceylan, Burhan; Önal, Armağan
The widespread consumption of pharmaceuticals, including both human and veterinary drugs, has resulted in the accumulation of these substances in aquatic ecosystems, presenting significant ecological threats. Psychoactive drugs, particularly antidepressants, raise particular concern due to their direct effects on brain chemistry. The growing contamination of global water systems, especially in urban environments, underscores the increasing presence of these substances in nature. A novel analytical method using UFLC-UV was developed and validated for the quantification of Atomoxetine (ATM), Duloxetine (DLX), Paroxetine (PRX), Fluoxetine (FLX) and Sertraline (SRT) in tap water, urine, and pharmaceutical samples. This technique relies on creating a purple chromogen through a displacement reaction with TCNQ in acetonitrile, with heating at 80 °C for 20 minutes. The processed sample was then injected into a C18 column. Separation was performed using acetonitrile–water (85:15) as mobile phase at 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Detection was carried out at 567 nm. The method showed linearity in the range of 10–100 ng/mL for all compounds. The validated procedure was successfully implemented to identify these antidepressants in tap water, urine, and pharmaceutical formulations. Recovery values were found between 95.41 to 100.85%. The LOD values ranged from 1.02 to 1.98 ng/mL in all of the sample matrices.
Controlled bio-catalytic synthesis of ampyrone–vanillin macromolecules: Deciphering the transition from nano-oligomers to polymers and the limits of enzymatic stability
(Elsevier, 2026) Temizkan Özdamar, Kevser
This study reports the time-controlled biocatalytic synthesis of nanostructured macromolecules derived from heteroaromatic ampyrone and bio-based vanillin. By optimizing the reaction duration (2, 4, and 6 h) with Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP), stable nano-oligomers (NSO-1, NSO-2) and a robust polymer (nano-pores polymer/NP-P) were successfully isolated. The novelty of this work lies in the precise temporal mapping of the HRP-catalyzed process, identifying a 6 h ‘stability window’ that maximizes molecular growth (Mw = 5743 g/ mol, n ≈ 14) before the onset of enzymatic chain scission. Characterization revealed a significant reduction in the optical band gap from 2.38 eV to 1.49 eV and a morphological transition from macrocrystalline rods to nano porous matrices. These results demonstrate that temporal control in enzymatic synthesis enables fine-tuning of optoelectronic and thermal properties, positioning these sustainable hybrids as viable candidates for organic photovoltaics and smart material technologies.
Neonatal dehydration and electrolyte disorders
(Nova Science Publishers, 2026) Günebak, Çiğdem Tuba; Keskin Sarılar, Zuhal; Samut Bülbül, Serap
Water constitutes the most prevalent substance within the human body, representing a fundamental component of bodily fluids. This vital element is indispensable for maintaining cellular homeostasis, accounting for approximately 75% of body weight in term infants. Water plays a pivotal role in a multitude of physiological processes. Dynamic alterations in body composition and fluid distribution are observed during the intrauterine period, labor, and the early postnatal period. The equilibrium of body fluid balance and distribution is contingent on the balance between water intake and loss. Dehydration is a prevalent issue in neonates, associated with considerable morbidity and mortality rates, and failure to promptly identify and manage this condition can result in severe complications. Dehydration is classified into three forms according to serum osmolality: hypernatremic, normonatremic (isonatremic), and hyponatremic dehydration. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus are vital for the maintenance of normal biochemical reactions and homeostatic functioning. Newborns in need of fluid electrolyte support should be evaluated by physical examination and other parameters (low urine volume, high urine density, high serum Na+), and treatment should be started rapidly.
A novel HPLC technique for the determination of casticin in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma
(Marmara University Press, 2026) Egeli Yılmaz, Derya; Tırıs, Gizem; Kepekçi Tekkeli, Şerife Evrim
This study introduces a combined HPLC and UV detection technique for the quantification of casticin in capsule and human plasma samples. The chromatographic separation was carried out utilizing a C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) at a temperature of 25 ºC. Isocratic elution with a mobile phase comprising 60:40 v/v (methanol-0.05% formic acid) was employed. Flow rate was adjusted 1 mL/min. The analyte was determined at a wavelength of 258 nm, with a retention time of 14.7±0.01 min. The developed method underwent validation according to ICH criteria, covering specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection and quantitation limits, as well as robustness. The linear range was determined to be 10-60 ng/mL for both capsule and spiked plasma specimens. The suggested technique was performed to the analysis of casticin in spiked human plasma and pharmaceutical preparations, yielding a recovery of 106.04% and demonstrating precision through intra-day and inter-day experiments with the highest relative standard deviation (RSD %) value of 4.94. Consequently, the technique was performed to the quantifying of human plasma specimens from in a patient taking medication containing casticin.
Investigation of volumetric alterations in thalamic subnuclei in progressive and stable mild cognitive impairment using magnetic resonance imaging
(İstanbul University Press, 2026) Harı, Emre; Soylu, Can
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the volumes of thalamic subnuclei known to function in large-scale cognitive networks between progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) and stable MCI (sMCI) groups progressing to dementia. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data of 31 pMCI (Age: 68.66±6.86; education: 15.71±2.46; gender: 15 female) and 31 sMCI (Age: 70.18±7.24; education: 16.23±2.68; gender: 13 female) patients with no statistically significant differences in age, gender, education, and follow-up interval (mean 21 months) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were used. FreeSurfer software was used for individual thalamus segmentation and volume calculation. Thalamic nuclei were divided into anterior, medial, posterior, lateral, ventral, and intralaminar nucleus groups. The volumes of each nucleus were normalised using intracranial volume. Normalised volumes were compared between groups using independent samples t-test, and false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied. Correlation analysis was performed using florbetapir (AV45) PET scores to evaluate the relationship between amyloid burden in the brain and volumetric decrease. Results: Statistically significant volumetric decreases were detected in the bilateral anterior (Right: t=2.432 pFDR=0.048; Left: t=2.327 pFDR=0.048) and lateral (t=2.372 pFDR=0.048) nucleus groups in pMCI compared to sMCI. A negative correlation was found between PET scores and bilateral anterior nucleus groups (Right: r=-0.353 p=0.026, left: r=-0.350 p=0.026). Conclusion: In our study, the anterior thalamic nucleus group, closely associated with memory, showed reduced volume in MCI patients who progressed to dementia, and this reduction correlated with amyloid burden in the brain. Based on the findings of our study, the anterior thalamic nucleus group may provide supportive value to other MRI biomarkers in predicting conversion to dementia.
A multisociety consensus statement on a new common definition and diagnostic criteria for PSVD or NCPF
(Elsevier, 2026) Hernandez Gea, Virginia; Paradis, Valerie; Guindi, Maha; Alves, Venancio A.F.; Aqul, Amal; Cerda, Eira; Darwish Murad, Sarwa; Das, Prasenjit; Örmeci, Necati; Rautou, Pierre Emmanuel
Noncirrhotic portal hypertension has historically been described using heterogeneous and region-specific terminology—such as idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), obliterative portal venopathy, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia—leading to substantial variability in diagnosis, reporting, and international research collaboration. Differences in guideline definitions from major societies (AASLD, EASL, and APASL), together with the presence of characteristic histologic lesions in patients without clinically overt portal hypertension, have further complicated disease classification. To address these chal lenges, a large, multisociety, international initiative was convened to harmonize nomenclature and diagnos tic criteria. Representatives from liver, pathology, and pediatric hepatology societies across the Americas, Europe, and Asia participated in a structured consensus process that included specialized working groups and external Delphi validation. The initiative produced a globally harmonized and implementable diagnostic framework. Consensus was reached that the terms porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) and NCPF may be used interchangeably when identical diagnostic criteria are applied, and that they should be written as PSVD or NCPF. The diagnosis was defined as fundamentally clinicopathological, requiring integrated assess ment. Core principles include the need for a high-quality liver biopsy (≥ 10 mm), mandatory exclusion of cir rhosis, and systematic exclusion of specific alternative conditions. Importantly, the consensus recognizes that PSVD or NCPF may be diagnosed even without clinical portal hypertension and may coexist with other liver diseases, provided cirrhosis is excluded. Standard-ized major and minor histologic criteria were devel oped collaboratively by expert pathologists and externally validated. Features of portal hypertension were harmonized into specific and nonspecific categories applicable to routine clinical practice. An integrated diagnostic scoring system incorpo-rating histology, clinical features, associated conditions, and concommi tant etiologies was developed and validated using the Delphi method. This consensus provides the first inter nationally endorsed, unified framework for the diagnosis of PSVD or NCPF. Its global implementation is expected to reduce diagnostic variability, improve comparability across regions, and facilitate the develop ment of robust, internationally harmonized clinical and translational research cohorts.
A multisociety consensus statement on a new common definition and diagnostic criteria for PSVD or NCPF
(Elsevier, 2026) Hernandez Gea, Virginia; Paradis, Valerie; Guindi, Maha; Alves, Venancio A.F.; Aqul, Amal; Cerda, Eira; Darwish Murad, Sarwa; Das, Prasenjit; Örmeci, Necati; Rautou, Pierre Emmanuel
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension has historically been described using heterogeneous and region-specific terminology, such as idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), obliterative portal venopathy, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia, leading to substantial variability in diagnosis, reporting, and international research collaboration. Differences in guideline definitions from major societies (AASLD, EASL, and APASL), together with the presence of characteristic histologic lesions in patients without clinically overt portal hypertension, have further complicated disease classification. To address these challenges, a large, multisociety, international initiative was convened to harmonize nomenclature and diagnostic criteria. Representatives from liver, pathology, and pediatric hepatology societies across the Americas, Europe, and Asia participated in a structured consensus process that included specialized working groups and external Delphi validation. The initiative produced a globally harmonized and implementable diagnostic framework. Consensus was reached that the terms porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) and NCPF may be used interchangeably when identical diagnostic criteria are applied, and that they should be written as PSVD or NCPF. The diagnosis was defined as fundamentally clinicopathological, requiring integrated assessment. Core principles include the need for a high-quality liver biopsy (> −10 mm), mandatory exclusion of cirrhosis, and systematic exclusion of specific alternative conditions. Importantly, the consensus recognizes that PSVD or NCPF may be diagnosed even without clinical portal hypertension and may coexist with other liver diseases, provided cirrhosis is excluded. Standardized major and minor histologic criteria were developed collaboratively by expert pathologists and externally validated. Features of portal hypertension were harmonized into specific and nonspecific categories applicable to routine clinical practice. An integrated diagnostic scoring system incorporating histology, clinical features, associated conditions, and concommitant etiologies was developed and validated using the Delphi method. This consensus provides the first internationally endorsed, unified framework for the diagnosis of PSVD or NCPF. Its global implementation is expected to reduce diagnostic variability, improve comparability across regions, and facilitate the development of robust, internationally harmonized clinical and translational research cohorts.
A multisociety consensus statement on a new common definition and diagnostic criteria for PSVD or NCPF
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Hernandez Gea, Virginia; Paradis, Valerie; Guindi, Maha; Alves, Venancio A.F.; Aqul, Amal; Cerda, Eira; Darwish Murad, Sarwa; Das, Prasenjit; Örmeci, Necati; Rautou, Pierre Emmanuel
Noncirrhotic portal hypertension has historically been described using heterogeneous and region-specific terminology—such as idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), obliterative portal venopathy, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia—leading to substantial variability in diagnosis, reporting, and international research collabora tion. Differences in guideline definitions from major societies (AASLD, EASL, and APASL), together with the presence of characteristic histologic lesions in patients without clinically overt portal hypertension, have further complicated disease classification. To address these challenges, a large, multisociety, international initiative was convened to harmonize nomen clature and diagnostic criteria. Representatives from liver, pathology, and pediatric hepatology societies across the Ameri cas, Europe, and Asia participated in a structured consensus process that included specialized working groups and external Delphi validation. The initiative produced a globally harmonized and implementable diagnostic framework. Consensus was reached that the terms porto–sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) and NCPF may be used interchangeably when identical diagnostic criteria are applied, and that they should be written as PSVD or NCPF. The diagnosis was defined as fundamen tally clinicopathological, requiring integrated assessment. Core principles include the need for a high-quality liver biopsy (≥10 mm), mandatory exclusion of cirrhosis, and systematic exclusion of specific alternative conditions. Importantly, the consensus recognizes that PSVD or NCPF may be diagnosed even without clinical portal hypertension and may coexist with other liver diseases, provided cirrhosis is excluded. Standardized major and minor histologic criteria were developed col laboratively by expert pathologists and externally validated. Features of portal hypertension were harmonized into specific and nonspecific categories applicable to routine clinical practice. An integrated diagnostic scoring system incorporating histology, clinical features, associated conditions, and concommitant etiologies was developed and validated using the Delphi method. This consensus provides the first internationally endorsed, unified framework for the diagnosis of PSVD or NCPF. Its global implementation is expected to reduce diagnostic variability, improve comparability across regions, and facilitate the development of robust, internationally harmonized clinical and translational research cohorts.
The effect of different granulation amounts of kollicoat MAE 30DP® on ODT CQAs using risk assessment
(Marmara University, 2026) Pirinçci Tok, Yağmur; Demiralp, Burcu; Al-Mohaya, Mazen; Özsoy, Yıldız
Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) improve patient compliance, but they present challenges in terms of masking the bitter taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as dexketoprofen trometamol (DEX). The study aimed to develop palatable DEX ODTs by granulating drug with Kollicoat MAE 30DP® to create a physical barrier. Using a quality by design (QbD) approach, an initial risk assessment identified Prosolv® ODT G2, Emdex®, and Magnasweet® MM100 and tablet compression pressure as critical variables. A Box-Behnken design was employed to prepare 26 formulations, systematically evaluating the impact of these variables across low and high polymer concentrations. The results showed that although high concentrations of Kollicoat MAE 30DP initially delayed the dissolution rate, this barrier effect did not affect the final extent of drug release. Disintegration was predominantly governed by compression pressure, which altered tablet porosity, whereas PROSOLV® ODT G2 significantly influenced the overall dissolution profile. By optimizing the superdisintegrant-to-binder ratio, high-polymer formulations successfully overcame the initial retardation, consistently exceeding an 85% cumulative release at 30 minutes.
Durable patellar stability and high patient‐reported success at minimum 5‐year follow‐up after isolated suture tape MPFL reconstruction
(Wiley, 2026) Erden, Tunay; Ağır, Muzaffer; Kayaalp, Mahmut Enes; Toker, Berkin; Taşer, Ömer
Purpose: To evaluate the mid‐to‐ long‐term clinical and radiological out comes of isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL‐R) using a high‐strength suture tape (HSST) construct in patients with recur rent patellar instability and no major osseous risk factors. Methods: Patients treated with isolated MPFL‐R using HSST and a single knotless femoral anchor between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively re viewed. Inclusion criteria were recurrent lateral patellar instability (≥2 disloca tions or symptomatic subluxations) refractory to nonoperative treatment and a minimum postoperative follow‐up of 60 months. Patients requiring concomitant bony realignment or presenting with major anatomic risk factors (e.g., high grade trochlear dysplasia, severe patella alta, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance >20mm) were excluded. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Kujala score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Patellar tilt was mea sured on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Postoperative instability events, complications and reoperations were recorded. Clinically meaningful improvements were assessed using minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient‐acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) thresholds. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate 5‐year survivorship free from redislocation (primary endpoint) and any postoperative instability (secondary endpoint). Postoperative instability was defined as clinically docu mented redislocation or symptomatic subluxation. Results: Eighty‐one patients (mean age 20.8 years; 31.4% female) were included. At a mean follow‐up of 79.4±14.3 months, one redislocation (1.2%) and two subluxations (2.5%) occurred. Five‐year survivorship free from redislocation was 98.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96.4%–100%), and survivorship free from any postoperative instability was 96.3% (95% CI, 92.2%–100%). All patient‐reported outcome measures improved signifi cantly from baseline to final follow‐up (all p<0.001). Ninety‐six percent of patients achieved the PASS threshold for IKDC (95% CI, 89.7%–98.7%), whereas PASS attainment for the Kujala score ranged from 74% to 86% depending on the applied cut‐off. Radiologically, patellar tilt improved substantially on MRI (p<0.001). Postoperative complications were infrequent and manageable, including five cases of arthrofibrosis (requiring manipulation under anaesthesia), one deep infection (treated with arthro scopic debridement) and three cases of implant‐related bursitis at the femoral fixation site. Conclusion: Isolated MPFL reconstruction using an HSST construct pro vided durable patellar stability and significant functional improvement at a minimum 5‐year follow‐up. This technique represents a reliable mid‐to long‐term option for isolated MPFL‐R in appropriately selected patients, especially when graft harvest morbidity and patellar bone preservation are concerns.
Mathematical and numerical modeling of drilling system dynamics using CF fractional differentiation
(AIMS Press, 2026) Erdoğan, Mahir Ceylan
In this work, I propose a Caputo–Fabrizio fractional mathematical model of a drilling system (CFFMMDS) to investigate the coupled dynamics of an induction motor-driven drilling assembly within a unified fractional-order framework. The governing equations were formulated using a nonsingular Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative with an exponential memory kernel to characterize the temporal dependencies among the system state variables. The resulting fractional-order system was solved using the Caputo–Fabrizio q-Elzaki homotopy analysis transform method (CFq-EHATM) to derive semi-analytical solution series and to conduct a numerical investigation of the system response under varying fractional orders. The results indicated that a decrease in the fractional order 𝜇 results in attenuated growth and decay rates. This trend is consistent with the intrinsic memory structure of the Caputo–Fabrizio operator, which distributes the influence of past states over time. The proposed framework enables the analysis of the temporal evolution of coupled state variables in dynamic systems exhibiting history-dependent behavior.
Therapeutic potential of alpha‑tocopherol in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory damage after experimental traumatic brain injury and pentylenetetrazol‑induced seizures
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Demirtaş, Cumaali; Yıldırım, Hava; Demir, Hüseyin; Kıroğlu, Sezin; Şevgin, Kübra; Beyaztaş, Hakan; Güler, Eray Metin; Hekimoğlu, Gulam; Aykın, Uğur; Coşkunpınar, Ender Mehmet; Yıldırım, Mehmet
The effects of alpha-tocopherol on seizure parameters, locomotor-cognitive functions, inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical parameters, and miRNA fold changes were investigated in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (n = 8), TBI + PTZ (n = 10), and TBI + PTZ + tocopherol (n = 10). After inducing TBI in animals using the weight-drop method, increased post-injury seizure susceptibility was achieved by administering subconvulsive doses of PTZ. Saline was administered intraperitoneally to the control and TBI + PTZ groups for 6 days, while 500 mg/kg alpha-tocopherol was administered intraperitoneally to the TBI + PTZ + tocopherol group. Seizure intensity, sei zure frequency, and total seizure duration were significantly reduced in the TBI + PTZ + tocopherol group compared to the TBI + PTZ group (p < 0.05). No significant adverse effects related to TBI and PTZ were observed in the animals’ locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors, or learning and memory test outcomes. In the TBI + PTZ + tocopherol group, significant reductions were observed in inflammatory cytokine response, oxidative stress, and SUR1-TRPM4 channel activity compared to the TBI + PTZ group (p < 0.001). While degenerative and apoptotic neurons and the number of 8-OHdG-positive cells in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions were limited in the TBI + PTZ + tocopherol group, downregulated miR-324-5p increased (p < 0.05). Alpha-tocopherol reduced the severity and duration of seizures, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, and stabilized the thiol-disulfide balance. It also reduced degenerative cell structures and DNA damage in the cortex, hippocam pus, and dentate gyrus. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that alpha-tocopherol is a potential neuroprotective agent that modulates early epileptogenic network instability in TBI and seizure susceptibility through multiple pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and ion channel regulation.
Corrugator supercilii muscle and its relationship with neurovascular structures of the frontal region: A cadaveric study
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Yıldız, Nilay; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, Özcan
Background The corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) is a critical anatomical target for botulinum toxin injections and surgical interventions in migraine treatment and facial rejuvenation. However, complications such as sensory loss or vascular injury may arise due to its proximity to neurovascular structures. This study aims to delineate the precise anatomy of the CSM and its relationship with the supratrochlear (STN) and supraorbital nerves (SON) to enhance procedural safety. Methods A cadaveric dissection was performed on 44 hemifaces of 22 formalin-fixed cadavers (11 male and 11 female). The CSM and adjacent neurovascular structures were dissected, photographed, and measured using ImageJ software. Morphometric parameters included distances related to the CSM, as well as branching patterns of the STN and SON were evaluated. Results The CSM length was significantly longer in females (30.53 ± 2.60 mm; 28.93 ± 2.15 mm, p = 0.032). The STN exhibited complex branching (> 3 branches) in 48% of cases, with 13.6% piercing the CSM anteriorly. The SON medial branch pierced the CSM’s lateral segments (46.5% 3rd segment; 53.5% 2nd segment). The supratrochlear artery crossed the CSM 14.84 ± 2.05 mm (females) and 15.43 ± 2.04 mm (males) from the midline, while the supraorbital artery lay 25.38 ± 3.76 mm (females) and 24.49 ± 4.55 mm (males) lateral to the midline. Conclusions The CSM’s intimate relationship with the STN, SON, and associated vessels underscores the risk of iatrogenic injury during forehead procedures. Anatomical variations in nerve branching and muscle morphology highlight the need for individualized approaches to botulinum toxin injection and surgical resection. These findings may reduce complications and improve outcomes in migraine surgery and aesthetic interventions. No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
PEGDA-based nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes with hydroxylated h-BN nanosheets enabling fast ion transport and high-voltage stability for lithium metal batteries
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Yaman Uzunoğlu, Gülşah
Despite their favorable interfacial contact and high ionic conductivity, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) remain constrained by insufficient electrochemical and thermal/mechanical stability as well as low lithium-ion transference numbers, restricting their long-term application in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In this study, a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) based nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte (NGPE-BN-x) was developed by thermal in situ polymerization, incorpo rating a few-layer hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS-OH) as a two-dimensional (2D) nanofiller. The influence of h-BNNS-OH loading (1, 3, and 5 wt%) on lithium ion transference number (tLi +), ionic conductivity, electrochemical, thermal and mechanical stability was systematically evaluated relative to the pristine GPE. The optimized NGPE-BN-3 exhibited high ionic conductivity (σ = 8.85 mS cm− 1), an expanded electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 5.01 V, an enhanced tLi + of 0.66, and improved mechanical strength (0.64 MPa) at room temperature. LFP//Li full cells utilizing NGPE-BN-3 yielded a discharge capacity of 162.2 mAh g− 1 at 0.1 C with good rate capability (0.1-2.0 C), and prolonged cycling stability at 1 C under ambient conditions. The improved electrochemical performance highlights the effectiveness of h-BNNS-OH as a multifunctional additive for PEGDA-based GPEs toward high-performance LMBs.
A natural solvent-based gel electrolyte for stable and sustainable zinc-ion batteries
(Wiley, 2026) Kömürcüoğlu, Gökçe; Adhami, Sadaf; Yaman Uzunoğlu, Gülşah; Yüksel, Recep
Natural solvent-based electrolytes are increasingly sought for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) as they provide a sustainable and cost-effective means to regulate water activity and electrode–electrolyte interfacial chemistry while retaining the intrinsic safety of aqueous systems. Herein, a sustainable electrolyte formulation utilizing a chia seed (CS)-based hydrogel is reported as an effective approach to improve the electrochemical stability of ZIBs. Owing to its high content of hydroxyl-rich polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, the chia seed-derived gel electrolyte (CSGE) tailors the Zn2+ solvation environment, decreases free-water activity, and restrains parasitic hydrogen evolution as well as dendritic zinc growth. Benefiting from this regulated solvation environment, the CSGE achieved a remarkably high Zn2+ transference number of 0.84. Consequently, Zn//Zn symmetric cells demonstrated outstanding electrochemical stability exceeding 4000 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2. Moreover, Zn//V2O5 cells achieved a high discharge capacity of 337.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and maintained reliable rate performance between 0.2 and 10 A g−1. In addition, ex situ SEM and XRD analyses revealed homogeneous deposition of Zn with a preferred (002) orientation. These findings demonstrate that electrolytes derived from renewable resources provide a cost-effective route for stable and sustainable ZIBs.
Clarifications and response to the letter: QIPB vs ESPB
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Turan, Engin İhsan; Özen, Volkan; Alver, Selçuk; Umutoğlu, Tarık; Çevik, Serdar; Çiftçi, Bahadır; Şahin, Ayça Sultan
We sincerely thank Dr. Butt and colleagues for their thoughtful comments [1] regarding our study comparing quadro-iliac plane block (QIPB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia in single-level lumbar discectomy [2]. We appreciate the opportunity to clarify several points.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma in a congenital melanocytic nevus
(Mattioli 1885, 2026) Duman, Nilay; Yaman, Banu; Oraloğlu, Göktürk; Kararaslan, Işıl
A 6-year-old boy was evaluated for a 6-month history of a 2x1mm yellowish papule that developed within a congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) located on his back. Dermoscopic examination showed a homogeneous yellowish background with localized pigmented struc tures. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy revealed an area with sharp borders, characterized by thinning of the epidermis and the absence of rete ridges. At the dermo- epidermal junction, the dermal papillae did not exhibit the typical ringed pattern.
Increased residual anterior knee laxity at one year is associated with a dose‐dependent increase in graft re‐rupture risk following hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction in athletes
(Wiley, 2026) Erden, Tunay; Ağır, Muzaffer; Kayaalp, Mahmut Enes; Toker, Berkin; Taşer, Ömer
Purpose: Residual anterior knee laxity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been associated with inferior subjective out comes and an increased risk of revision surgery; however, its prognostic value for predicting subsequent graft re‐rupture remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between KT‐1000–measured 1‐year post operative anterior knee laxity and graft re‐rupture after ACLR. We hy pothesised that increased residual anterior knee laxity at 1 year post operatively would be associated with a higher risk of graft re‐rupture in a dose‐dependent manner. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1011 amateur and pro fessional athletes who underwent primary ACLR with hamstring tendon autograft (HTA) between 2005 and 2024 by a single surgeon using a standardised surgical technique. Patients undergoing revision ACLR, mul tiligament reconstruction, or any lateral extra‐articular augmentation pro cedure were excluded. Anterior knee laxity was quantified using the KT 1000 arthrometer at a mean of 12.1±1.3 months post‐operatively. A landmark time‐to‐event design was applied, with follow‐up starting from the KT‐1000 assessment to minimise immortal time bias and to focus on anterior knee laxity after biological graft maturation. The primary exposure was KT‐1000 side‐to‐side difference (SSD), analysed as both a continuous variable and using clinically relevant thresholds (<3mm, 3–5mm, and >5mm). Associations between post‐operative laxity and graft re‐rupture, adjusting for demographic, surgical, and activity‐related factors were assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Secondary analyses evaluated the relationship between KT‐1000 laxity, return‐to‐play status, and post‐operative activity level. Results: Patients who experienced graft re‐rupture had significantly greater post‐operative KT‐1000 SSD compared with those without re‐rupture (3.5 ± 1.3mm vs. 2.1±0.9mm; p<0.001). Increased KT‐1000 SSD was independently associated with higher graft re‐rupture risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.97 per 1‐mm increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–3.5). Higher laxity categories were associated with progressively increased re‐rupture risk with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.3–2.3; p<0.001) for 3–5mm and 8.85 (95% CI, 4.7–16.4; p<0.001) for >5mm compared with <3mm. Post‐operative 1‐year KT‐1000 anterior knee laxity was not significantly associated with return‐to‐play status (odds ratio, 0.84 per 1‐mm increase; 95% CI, 0.6–1.1; p=0.28), but was modestly associ ated with lower post‐operative Tegner activity level (p<0.001). Conclusion: KT‐1000–measured post‐operative anterior knee laxity at 1 year post‐operatively was independently associated with the risk of sub sequent graft re‐rupture after HTA ACLR in athletic patients. These findings suggest that residual laxity may serve as a useful risk stratification tool, rather than a deterministic predictor of failure, and should be interpreted in the context of overall clinical and biomechanical assessment. Level of Evidence: Level III.
An NLP-driven framework for automated radiology–pathology concordance assessment in breast biopsy
(MDPI Publishing, 2026) Esmerer, Emel; Nazlı, Mehmet Ali; Uzun-Per, Meryem; Gümüş Değidiben, Melike; Söyleyici, Merve; Tahir, Eren; Bal, Mert
Background/Objectives: To develop and assess the feasibility of a natural language processing (NLP) framework for automated assessment of radiology-pathology concordance in breast biopsy using machine learning-based analysis of unstructured reports. Methods: This retrospective study included 766 paired radiology and pathology reports from ultrasound- or mammography-guided breast biopsies (August 2020-May 2024). Reports underwent translation, normalization, tokenization, lemmatization, and synonym expansion, followed by structured encoding of BI-RADS and pathology categories. Three models were trained: a Decision Tree, a LightGBM classifier, and a fine-tuned BioBERT model. Concordance labels were defined by multidisciplinary consensus. Performance metrics included accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, area under the curve (AUC), and Cohen's kappa. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was used to identify influential features. Results: Among 766 cases, 707 (92.3%) were concordant and 59 (7.7%) were initially discordant. After excluding B3 lesions (n = 46), 13 true discordant cases remained (1.7%). Including B3 lesions increased clinically non-concordant or indeterminate cases from 1.7% to 7.7%, indicating that the apparent performance of the models is likely sensitive to case definition and dataset composition. BI-RADS 4a was the most common category (31.3%), and benign pathology (B2) accounted for 64.4% of biopsies. Within this dataset, LightGBM yielded the highest apparent AUC (0.999) (however, given the extremely small number of true discordant cases, this estimate is likely unstable and should be interpreted with caution), while BioBERT showed the strongest agreement with expert consensus (κ = 0.89). SHAP analysis identified clinically meaningful terms such as calcification, hypoechoic, ductal, and carcinoma as key contributors to model predictions. Given the very limited number of true discordant cases, these performance estimates are likely unstable and should be regarded as preliminary, requiring validation in larger, multi-center cohorts. Conclusions: This study presents a proof-of-concept NLP-based framework for radiology-pathology concordance assessment. The models showed promising performance in identifying potentially discordant cases; however, given the limited number of true discordant samples, these findings should be considered preliminary and require further validation in larger, multi-center datasets before clinical implementation.
Suboptimal LDL-cholesterol control under the 2019 ESC/EAS dyslipidemia guidelines: Results from the nationwide TEMD-2 study in type 2 diabetes
(Wiley, 2026) Telci Çaklılı, Özge; Haymana, Cem; Demirci, İbrahim; Kebapçı, Medine Nur; Sarıakçalı, Barış; Evren, Bahri; Dizdar, Oğuzhan Sıtkı; Salman, Serpil; Ersoy, Canan; Satman, İlhan; Bayram, Fahri; Sönmez, Alper
Background: Lowering LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) decreases cardiovascular risk substantially in type 2 diabetes. Despite stricter LDL-cholesterol targets in the 2019 ESC/EAS dyslipidemia guidelines, target achievement in clinical practice remains insuffi cient. TEMD-2 is designed to evaluate LDL-cholesterol target attainment in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes in the context of the updated 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included adults with type 2 diabetes followed in 70 tertiary endocrine clinics across 36 cities between October 2022 and January 2023. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, com plications, laboratory measurements, and lipid-lowering therapies were assessed using standardized questionnaires and clinical evaluations. LDL-C target was assigned according to cardiovascular risk categories. Independent predictors of goal attainment were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 4956 adults with type 2 diabetes, 99.5% required statin therapy, whereas 37.1% were on treatment. Overall, 8.3% of the cohort achieved LDL-cholesterol targets, with attainment lowest in those at very high risk (5.8%). Target achievement among statin users was 57.7% in moderate-risk, 18.1% in high-risk, and 9.4% in very-high-risk patients. Individuals on target had lower body mass index, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides, and a lower prevalence of microvascular complications. Statin therapy was the strongest positive predictor of success (odds ratio 2.39), while smoking, presence of neuropathy, nephropathy, female sex, older age, and higher HbA1c were associated with lower likelihood of achieving LDL-cholesterol goals. Therapeutic inertia was present in 87.2% of patients, defined as no intensification of lipid-lowering therapy despite LDL-cholesterol levels above target.

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