Smart sanitary hardware for health monitoring

The development of point-of-care testing technologies can enable early diagnosis and regular monitoring of disease course and the response to medications. However, the need for a reliable home-based diagnostic technology that can be integrated with healthcare systems remains unmet. Urine is a rich bodily fluid containing distinctive biomarkers and nutrients, which can be obtained through non-invasive sampling. Here, strategies to re-engineer toilet systems for applications in health monitoring are discussed.