Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/47

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Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorun modellemesi ve kontrolü
(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2025) Miran, Ömer Faruk; Bayraktar, Meral; Tunçer, Erdal
Elektrikli araçlar (EV’ler), enerji verimliliği, çevreci ulaşım ve performans beklentilerini karşılamak amacıyla içten yanmalı motorlara alternatif olarak gelişmiştir. Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (PMSM), yüksek verimlilik, kompakt yapı ve geniş hız aralığı avantajları sayesinde EV uygulamalarında tercih edilmektedir. Tesla Model 3’te kullanılan İçten Mıknatıslı PMSM (IPMSM) yapısı, düşük hızda yüksek tork ve yüksek hızda verimli çalışma imkânı sunmaktadır.
Energy and exergy analysis of a cycle‑skipping strategy in an HCCI engine fueled with natural gas
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Atak, Nisa Nur; Tunçer, Erdal; Doğan, Battal; Ünal, Kenan
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have attracted considerable interest due to its incorporation of features from both gasoline and diesel engines. In this study, the effects of cycle-skipping strategies on engine perfor mance, efficiency, and emissions in a natural gas-fired HCCI engine were investigated experimentally. Experiments were conducted under constant engine speed, at 25, 50, and 75% load levels, in the Normal, 3 Normal-1 Skip (3N1S), 2 Normal-1 Skip (2N1S), and 1 Normal-1 Skip (1N1S) cycle modes. Emissions, fuel consumption, energy–exergy flow, thermal losses, irreversibilities, entropy generation, thermal, and exergy efficiencies were calculated based on the experimental data. Under 50% engine load, the NOx emission in the 3N1S operating mode was measured at 1594 ppm, whereas it increased by 52.5% to 2431 ppm in the 2N1S mode. The correlation between cycle-skipping tactics and thermal efficiency was determined to be contingent upon engine load. In Normal and 3N1S modes, thermal efficiency generally improves with elevated engine loads, while the 2N1S and 1N1S modes provide superior performance at low to medium loads. At a constant 50% load, heat effi ciency in the 2N1S mode increased by 7.84% to reach 28.34% compared to the Normal mode. Additionally, thermodynamic analyses revealed that the 1N1S mode has the lowest entropy generation and the least irreversibility, at 0.021 kW/K. These results demonstrate that cycle-skipping strategies can be an effective tool for optimizing engine performance based on load.
Effect of adding soybean oil to diesel fuel on engine characteristics
(Trakya University, 2024) Akal, Dinçer; Tunçer, Erdal; Kaya, Yalçın; Beşer, Necmi; Efendioğlu, Ayşegül; Acar, Mustafa
Biodiesel fuels are seen as an important resource due to the environmental damage caused by exhaust emissions from the use of fossil fuels, the increase in global warming and the rise in oil prices. As an alternative, the use of biodiesel by blending certain percentages of biodiesel into diesel fuel is preferred due to both sustainability and some advantages. In this study, 10% soybean oil was added to the fuel used in a single-cylinder diesel engine and the changes in engine power, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions were experimentally investigated. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the engine power was almost the same with the addition of soybean oil to the diesel fuel, but there was an increase in exhaust emissions with some increase in fuel consumption. For this reason, it is clear that further experimental studies should be carried out by adding soybean oil with different characteristics and proportions to be used in diesel engines.
Enhancing the aerodynamic performance of a biomimetic wing with topography optimization
(Springer India, 2025) Çalışkan, Mehmet Erman; Sabırlı, Muhammet Üsame; Oruç, Emre; Karagöz, İrfan
This paper presents the optimization of the external shape of a model wing obtained from samara (maple seed) by means of biomimicry in order to improve its aerodynamic performance. Samaras, winged seeds of maples, have drawn attention in biomimetic design because of their high lift and low drag properties and autorotation capability. This makes them ideal for winged structures, which can operate in a wide range of wind conditions. This study aims to demonstrate that a samara wing can be modified using mathematical modelling, and different surface geometries can be created by making desired changes in the design parameters. Optimization of the topography of a samara wing model is presented using the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The model wing was divided into three regions, and topography optimization was performed in five steps. Intermediate forms and final forms of the model are presented together with the CFD results. The final form of the model provided an aerodynamic performance increase of up to 28% depending on the angle of attack. In addition, as a result of these improvements, the biomimetic wing has simpler design parameters and a more applicable structure. These results suggest that aerodynamic performance can be enhanced by topography study on a biomimetic wing.
The effect of adding hydrogen peroxide to an engine used in unmanned aerial vehicles on fuel consumption, energy, exergy, and sustainability parameters
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Arslan, Ahmet; Doğan, Battal; Vural, Erdinç; Arslan, Ömer
This study explores the use of hydrogen peroxide solution—a novel additive not previously used in UAV engines—to improve the energy efficiency of commercially available unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Different hydrogen peroxide ratios were blended with JP-8 fuel, a common UAV fuel, to boost engine performance and optimise operating conditions. The effects of these fuel blends on engine performance and emissions were thoroughly analysed at various UAV thrust levels (5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg). Energy, exergy, and sustainability assessments were conducted based on the findings. It was found that increasing engine thrust with the same fuel mixture resulted in higher system disorder and entropy production. For instance, at 5 kg thrust with the P20 fuel mixture, entropy generation was 0.046 kW/K, rising to 0.112 kW/K at 25 kg thrust. The study indicates that adding hydrogen peroxide to JP-8 fuel in UAVs decreases energy and exergy efficiencies. Specifically, at 15 kg thrust, JP-8's energy and exergy efficiencies were 18.54% and 17.37%, respectively. These values dropped to 15.50% and 14.59% with the P30 fuel blend. The sustainability index ranged from 1.226 to 1.070 across all fuel types.
Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorun modellemesi ve kontrolü
(Yıldız Technical University Publishing, 2025) Miran, Ömer Faruk; Bayraktar, Meral; Tunçer, Erdal
Bu çalışmada, Tesla Model 3’te kullanılan İçten Mıknatıslı Senkron Motorun (IPMSM) matematiksel modeli oluşturulmuş ve alan yönlendirmeli kontrol (FOC) algoritması uygulanmıştır. Motorun kontrolü için klasik PI kontrol yapısı ve SVPWM (Space Vector PWM) modülasyonu kullanılarak hız ve akım regülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Regülatör ağırlıklarının motor performansına etkisi
(Zenodo, 2025) Gündemin, Nevin; Aydoğdu, Ervanur; Tunçer, Erdal; Doğan, Battal
Dizel motorlar, yakıt dönüşüm verimlilikleri ve yüksek tork kapasiteleri sebebiyle farklı sektörlerde birincil güç kaynağı olarak tercih edilmektedir (Pachiannan ve diğ., 2025). İçten yanmalı motorlarda genellikle hidrokarbon içeren yakıt ile havanın yanması sonucunda enerji açığa çıkmaktadır (Görmez, 2020). Bu yanma olayı kumandalı (kontrollü) yanma, tutuşma gecikmesi ve ani yanma olarak 3 farklı aşama halinde ele alınmaktadır. Yanma aşamasının başlamasını sağlayan önemli parametrelerden biri ateşleme gecikmesidir (Miron ve diğ., 2021). Yakıtın püskürtülmeye başladığı zamandan silindir basıncının yüksek hızda arttığı zamana kadar geçen süreye ateşleme gecikmesi denilmektedir.
Motor püskürtme avansının motor performansına etkisi
(Zenodo, 2025) Uçkan, İrfan; Doğan, Battal; Tunçer, Erdal; Yılmaz, Gülten; Aydoğdu, Ervanur; Gündemin, Nevin
Sıkıştırma ateşlemeli motorların orta ve büyük araçlarda güç kaynağı olarak kullanılmasının sebepleri güç çıkışlarının, güvenilirliklerinin ve termal verimliliklerinin yüksek olmasıdır (Chen ve diğ., 2023). Sıkıştırma ateşlemeli bir motorda motor performansının, yanma safhalarının ve egzoz emisyonlarının oluşumunu etkileyen önemli parametrelerden birisi de ateşleme gecikmesinin süresidir (Kumar ve diğ., 2024). Enjeksiyonun başlamasıyla yanmanın başladığı zaman aralığı ateşleme gecikmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Enjektör iğnesinin yuvasından kalktığı noktadaki zaman genellikle enjektör başlangıcı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Yanmanın tam olarak nerede başladığını tespit edebilmek kolay değildir. Yanmanın başlangıcını tespit edebilmek için başvurulabilecek en iyi yöntem silindir basıncı için elde edilen verileri kullanarak krank açısına göre ısı yayma hızının eğimindeki değişimi gözlemlemektir (Kumar ve diğ., 2020).
Effects of blending linseed biodiesel into the fuel used in a single cylinder diesel engine
(Technical University of Gabrovo, 2024) Tunçer, Erdal; Kumkale, Murat Hüseyin; Akal, Dinçer; Tez, Taşkın; Umut, İlhan; Akı, Ozan
In many countries around the world, internal combustion engines are still used in transport and other sectors. The search for alternative fuels continues because the environmental damage caused by exhaust emissions increases with the length of time combustion engines are used. On the other hand, the depletion of oil resources and the increase in fuel prices are causing economic problems. In this study, 10% linseed biodiesel was blended with diesel fuel used in a single-cylinder internal combustion diesel engine, and its effects on the engine characteristics were investigated. According to the results obtained from the experiments, it was observed that linseed biodiesel added to diesel caused a slight increase in carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon levels in exhaust emissions, while engine power and fuel consumption remained almost at the same level. It is expected that these results from the experiments will contribute to the evaluation of various studies on biodiesel in the future.
Influence of microstructure changes on the stress corrosion properties of u-bend S275 mild steel
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Parapurath, Shahid; Jacob, Liya; Vahdati, Nader; Günister, Ebru
Current research investigates the material degradation behavior of thermally processed S275 mild steel under continuous stress in chloride and sulfate media at different pH values (4, 7, and 10). The mild steel samples were quenched at 1000 °C, followed by tempering at 600 °C, followed by U-bending the samples and attaching a bolt and nut to develop continuous stress according to ASTM standards. A U-bend sample without heat treatment was used as a reference. The corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated using linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization scans. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, roughness measurements, and Raman spectroscopy have been used to examine the wear behavior of S275 samples. Quenching followed by tempering caused the quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to convert to martensite. This microstructural change impacted on the material’s mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. Tempering caused a 38% increase in ultimate tensile strength and a 103% increase in yield strength. It also caused a 7–27% increase in corrosion resistance in sulfate media. The pH of the electrolyte solution also influenced corrosion. The corrosion rate of the original and tempered U-bend samples in acidic sulfate media showed approximately a 700% increase in corrosion rate compared to media alkaline and neutral sulfate media samples. The prime reason for the exponential increase in the corrosion rate is the effect of the chemical reaction of highly oxidative species on stress-induced surface defects. Raman analysis confirmed a variety of ferrous oxides and hydroxide formations on the surface of S275 steel.
Eco-friendly nano-additives: Energy, exergy, and environmental impacts in motor vehicle emission control
(Otomotiv Mühendisleri Derneği, 2025) Özer, Salih; Arslan, Ahmet; Doğan, Battal; Tunçer, Erdal; Arslan, Ömer
This study investigates the performance and emission behavior of borax decahydrate nanoparticles when blended with biodiesel and commercial diesel fuels in diesel engines. Experimental tests were conducted at five different engine power levels: 1 kW, 2 kW, 3 kW, 4 kW, and 5 kW-to evaluate the impacts of these fuel blends on engine performance, emissions, energy efficiency, exergy, and exergoenvironmental parameters. The data collected demonstrated a general trend where higher engine power output led to increased heat generation. Among the tested blends, the D40W50P1 fuel achieved efficiencies of 15.236%, 15.466%, 18.290%, 25.606%, and 24.258% at the respective power levels, highlighting the positive effect of borax nanoparticle addition on engine performance. The inclusion of borax nanoparticles particularly improved the performance of diesel/waste cooking oil blends. The results also revealed that the D50W50 fuel blend performed optimally at 2 kW, whereas the D40W50P3 blend showed a notable improvement, achieving an efficiency increase of 12.10%. Furthermore, sustainability index values were consistently above 1, indicating a favorable environmental and energetic balance for all tested fuel blends. The lowest recorded sustainability index was 1.123, observed for the D50W50 blend. In terms of exergoenvironmental analysis, the D40W50P2 fuel blend demonstrated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 311.69 kg/month at 1 kW and 786.34 kg/month at 5 kW. These results highlight the potential of borax nanoparticle additives to not only improve fuel efficiency and engine performance but also contribute to reducing environmental emissions. The results indicate that boron additives can enhance engine performance and energy efficiency while reducing CO2 emissions. Additionally, the improvement in the sustainability index reveals the potential of boron-based fuels from both environmental and economic perspectives. These findings serve as an important reference for future research and industrial applications related to alternative fuel additives.
Thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analysis of a UAV two stroke engine fueled with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol blends
(Elsevier, 2025) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Demir, Usame; Gülcan, Halil Erdi
In recent years, as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) engines has increased in various application areas such as military fields, defense, emergencies, and mapping, the use of these engines with fossil-based fuels has raised environmental concerns. The addition of heavy alcohols such as octanol and hexanol, which have high energy densities, to the fossil-based fuels used may help reduce environmental concerns and contribute to per formance improvement. In this study, the performance, emissions, thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analysis of a two-stroke engine operating with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol fuels in a UAV is conducted. There are no studies in the literature that examine the energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic aspects of a two-stroke UAV engine operating with gasoline-octanol and gasoline-hexanol fuel mixtures. The aim of this study is to understand the performance and emission characteristics of used heavy alcohols such as octanol and hexanol in a two-stroke UAV engine, and to examine them from a thermodynamic perspective. The experiments are carried out at different shaft speed ranges (3250, 3750, 4500, 5250, and 6250 rpm). Additionally, seven different fuels are used in the experiments: gasoline, gasoline-octanol mixtures (volumetrically 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %), and gasoline-hexanol mixtures (volumetrically 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %). The results show that increasing the octanol content in gasoline to 30 % (OC30) reduces the specific fuel con sumption (SFC) by up to 5.5 % (at 6250 shaft speed), while increasing the hexanol content to 30 % (HX30) increases it by 6 % (at 5250 shaft speed). CO emissions decrease by an average of 5.3 % and 9.2 % with OC30 and HX30 fuels, respectively (both at 6250 shaft speed), while CO2 emissions increase by an average of 3 % and 10 % with OC30 and HX30 fuels, respectively. With OC30 fuel, the exergetic destruction decreases by an average of 6 % compared to gasoline, while with HX30 fuel, it increases by an average of 3.3 %. OC30 increases the exergetic efficiency by an average of 5.4 % compared to gasoline, whereas HX30 decreases it by 2.9 %.
Mechanical properties of clay/LLDPE and organoclay/LLDPE nanocomposites
(Istanbul Ticaret University, 2024) Günister, Ebru; Ayala Iracheta, Edgar Alejandro
Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is widely used in many areas in daily life because it is both light and flexible. In this study, clay/LLDPE and organoclay/LLDPE nanocomposites were obtained by melt intercalation method, incorporating small amounts (1- 5 wt.%) of nanosized clay and organoclay modified with a positively charged salt to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer. Characterization and mechanical tests showed that the mechanical strength of the composites increased with additive content, though some flexibility was partially lost. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that clay and organoclay interacted with polymer chains and dispersed homogeneously. ANOVA results demonstrated that both filler type and concentration significantly influence the mechanical properties, with organophilic organoclay showing superior interaction to the LLDPE matrix compared to hydrophilic clay. Specifically, the addition of 5 wt.% organoclay resulted in increases of 56,67%, 58,73%, and 39,53% in elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength, respectively. Additionally, the observed 5% rise in melting temperature suggests potential for expanding the application range of these nanocomposites to areas requiring thermal stability.
Effect of test parameters on the recovery of underground after a Thermal Response Test and optimum waiting time between tests
(Elsevier, 2025) Aydın, Murat; Gültekin, Ahmet
Thermal Response Test (TRT) is an important method to determine the thermal properties of underground. These tests can be interrupted by unexpected reasons and a new test must be started in the same borehole, or the test must be repeated because of various reasons. In this paper, optimum waiting duration for a second test after a completed TRT is investigated through analyzing thermal behavior of a borehole during and after the test. A computational model is built, and it is verified with an experimental test. After the verification, the numerical model is used further parametric investigations. Different cases are considered and the results are discussed. The effect of thermal conductivity and test duration on the minimum waiting times are also investigated. It is shown that optimum waiting duration depends highly on the test conditions, however it varies between 10 and 23 days.
Process parameter optimization of laser beam machining for AISI -P20 mold steel using ANFIS method
(Elsevier, 2025) Eaysin, Abdullah; Kabir, Sarower; Günister, Ebru; Jahan, Nur; Hamza, Amir; Zinnah, Muhammad Ali; Bin Rashid, Adib
AISI P20 mold steel is commonly used for injection molds to produce plastic materials, car accessories, and electronic equipment molds. This study employed a fiber laser beam for precise machining of AISI P20 mold steel. The experimental design, based on the Taguchi 27 model, was carried out using Minitab software to optimize machining parameters, including cutting speed, gas pressure, and laser power. Surface roughness (Ra) and kerf width were the response parameters investigated. The ANFIS model, developed and analyzed using MATLAB, successfully predicted response parameters and was experimentally validated, showing improved predictions over actual measurements. The Brute Force algorithm identified the minimum combination for an optimal parameter set. The Taguchi method determined the best process parameters, indicating that cutting speed had the most significant impact. The optimum Ra was achieved with 1 m/min cutting speed, 2 bar gas pressure, and 1.8 kW laser power, while the lowest kerf width was obtained with 2 bar gas pressure, 1 m/min cutting speed, and 1.9 kW laser power. Based on the Brute Force algorithm, the minimum combination resulted in a kerf width of 0.84 mm and a surface roughness of 4.48175 μm. Microstructural analysis was performed on samples with high and low surface roughness to assess the machining surface quality.
Energy, exergy, exergoenvironmental, and exergoenviroeconomic assessment of a two stroke UAV small engine using JP5 aviation fuel and hydroxy (HHO) gas
(Elsevier, 2024) Özer, Salih; Tunçer, Erdal; Demir, Üsame; Gülcan, Halil Erdi; Çelebi, Samet
Hydroxy gas (HHO) is a gas produced by the electrolysis of water, which involves breaking down water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases. When the electricity used for electrolysis comes from renewable energy sources, the resulting hydrogen can be classified as 'green hydrogen.' Therefore, by using renewable green energy sources to produce HHO gas, its application in internal combustion engines can promote clean combustion and enhance sustainability. This study explores the enhancement of performance and emission characteristics in a two-stroke Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) engine using Hydroxy gas (HHO), a green energy source produced via water electrolysis. The primary objective is to improve engine efficiency and reduce environmental impacts by employing HHO in dual-fuel mode with JP5 aviation fuel. Addressing a clear research gap in the literature, this study is the first to evaluate the energy, exergy, exergoenvironmental, and exergoeconomic aspects of a two-stroke, air-cooled UAV engine using the JP5+HHO fuel blend. Experiments were conducted at five shaft speeds (3250, 3750, 4500, 5250, 6250 rpm) and four HHO flow rates (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 lpm). The results demonstrate that incorporating HHO gas leads to a significant improvement in engine performance, with a 10% average reduction in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and a 10% increase in exergy efficiency. Additionally, the JP5+HHO 4 lpm mixture reduces exergy destruction by approximately 10% and increases heat transfer exergy by 3–10%. On the environmental front, while HHO slightly increases CO2 emissions, the exergoenvironmental impact rises by a manageable 4%. Importantly, the high HHO flow rate (4 lpm) achieves a 2% average reduction in both exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic impacts. These findings underscore the potential of HHO as a sustainable fuel source, offering both performance gains and reduced environmental and economic costs.
Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of S275 mild steel using accelerated DC voltage, LPR, and EIS
(2024) Jacob, Liyamol; Parapurath, Shahid; Vahdati, Nader; Günister, Ebru
This study used an external DC voltage of 1.5 V to accelerate corrosion in heat-treated S275 mild steel samples at different time intervals. LPR and EIS were used to study the corrosion behavior of original and quenched steel samples. There was only a negligible difference in the corrosion rate (CR) for the original and the quenched samples up to 30 min of voltage application in a 3.5% NaCl electrolyte media. When the exposure time increased to 60 min, the original sample showed seven times higher CR than the quenched samples. The pits on the surface of the original samples acted as cathodes, enhancing the reaction rate on the surface and increasing its CR dramatically. This led to bimodal corrosion, where the first part is led by concentration and diffusion; while, the second part is led by localized corrosion. The smaller pits on the original surface samples served as cathodic reaction centers, exacerbating corrosion. The corrosion rate of the original samples ranged from 0.8 to 7.8 mmpy; whereas, the corrosion rate of the quenched samples remained consistently around 0.8 mmpy. This trend can be observed in long-term corrosion in different metals. The uniformly oriented martensitic microstructure and the quenched samples’ small grain size prevented the enhanced ion penetration due to applied voltage. This study analyses the long-term stability of structural steel samples in marine environments by accelerating the corrosion rate by an applied external DC voltage.
Natural gas-fueled HCCI engine performance and emission analysis andcomparison with SI and spark-assisted operations
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Tunçer, Erdal; Sandalcı, Tarkan; Balcı, Özgün; Karagöz, Yasin
The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is a promising technology in terms of both soot and NOx emission. Natural gas (NG) is advantageous especially for HCCI engines with its single stage combustion, low C/H ratio, and high octane number. Since the main challenge of HCCI technology is stability and transient operations, using HCCI for constant speed operations may be advantageous. In this study, a CI diesel engine, which is used as a generator at constant speed, was modified and converted into an NG-fuelled, SI engine. Then, the engine was supplied with NG for SI, HCCI, and spark-assisted HCCI experiments. Spark-assisted operations were executed by using 3, 5, and 7 degree ignition advance values to assist HCCI combustion. In-cylinder pressure variations, exhaust temperature, specific fuel consumption, and emission values were investigated for comparison of different strategies. Experimental results showed that using the HCCI strategy and retardation of ignition advance of spark-assisted HCCI operations reduced maximum pressure. Therefore, these strategies improved NOx emissions, while HC emissions were slightly increased. The spark-assisted HCCI strategy improves the stability of operation while increasing CO emission. The specific fuel consumption value of HCCI was slightly higher than that of SI operation, while it was lower than spark-assisted strategies.
Assessing the usage of end-of-life tire pyrolysis oil as an alternativefuel in a diesel engine in the point of energy, exergy,exergoeconomic, exergoenviroeconomic, and sustainabilityparameters
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Ertürk, Talha; Arslan, Ahmet; Tunçer, Erdal; Doğan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir
The present study examines the utilization of fuel blends comprising waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) at varying ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) in a compression-ignition (CI) engine at different loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). This is with a view to elucidating the performance and emission characteristics of the blends in detail. The performance and emission data were subjected to detailed analysis. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, exorgoenviroeconomic, and sustainability analyses were conducted with the objective of comparing the fuel blends. Based on these analyses, the energy dissipation of the engine, exergy losses, cost of power from the engine shaft, and sustainability index (SI) were calculated for each fuel at all operating conditions. As the fraction of WTPO in the fuel blends increased, fuel consumption increased and energetic efficiency declined owing to the lower energy content of the alternative fuel additive. As the percentage of WTPO in the fuel blends increased gradually, the exergy losses increased, resulting in a decline in exergy efficiency. At the highest load, the exergetic efficiency of TP20 was found to be 5.65% higher than that of TP40. Given that the cost of traditional diesel fuel (D100) was 73.3% higher than WTPO, the cost of power from the engine shaft decreased as the WTPO ratio ascended in the blends. Consequently, the aforementioned parameter for TP10 was calculated to be 144.55 $/GW at a load of 75% while 120.90 $/GW was found for TP40. The greatest quantity of CO2 released into the environment was 11,512.4 kg CO2/month in TP40 at the highest load. Under the same conditions, it was calculated as 5,958.2 kg CO2/month for D100. In the context of an SI based on load, a reduction of 5.89% was observed in the case of conventional D100 in comparison with TP40 in the CI engine operating at full load. The findings of the present examination indicate that WTPO may be a viable alternative fuel for CI engines running on D100.
An integrated solar-driven chlor-alkali system for hydrogen and chlorine production
(Hamad Bin Khalifa University, 2023) Ayça, Sümeyya; Dinçer, İbrahim; Biçer, Yusuf; Al-Ansari, Tareq; Dinçer, İbrahim; Abedrabboh, Omer; Alherbawi, Mohammad; Yüzer, Burak
This paper deals with a review of the chlor-alkali process, an industrial application with significant promise for hydrogen production. In this process, the 2.6 MWh of power required for the operation of the system is met by an ingenious approach using a photovoltaic-based energy system. The research includes a comprehensive simulation of a chlor-alkali production system with the operating temperature set to 88°C using the Aspen Plus. The results demonstrate the remarkable potential of this system with a hydrogen production rate of 82.5 kg/h.

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