Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/46

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Green-synthesized CuO/Cu2O-supported g-C3N4 p–n junction photocatalyst for photo(electro)catalytic hydrogen evolution
(Elsevier, 2026) Kaba, İbrahim; Kılıç, Behris; Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Koca, Atıf
In this study, an environmentally friendly CuO/Cu2O nanoparticle (NPs) production method was developed using waste rosehip seed plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. Automatic solvent extraction (ASE) with a green 60% (v/v) ethanol/water solvent combination produced polyphenol-rich solutions for biogenic nanoparticle production. Green CuO/Cu2O NPs were loaded onto n-type graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) at 5%, 10%, and 15% weight percentages to form p-n heterojunction photocatalysts (5CuO/Cu2O@CN, 10CuO/Cu2O@CN, and 15CuO/Cu2O@CN). Structural and morphological analyses and material characterizations performed using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TEM, XPS, UV–vis DRS, Zeta Sizer, and DLS confirmed the successful formation and homogeneous distribution of CuO/Cu2O on the CN surface. Optical and photoelectrochemical characterizations revealed that the formation of p–n type junction significantly increased visible light absorption and supported efficient charge carrier dissociation. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements yielded consistent results for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution, with a consistent H2 evolution relationship; pure CN produced 125 μmol g− 1 h− 1 H2, while the 10CuO/Cu2O@CN sample produced 937 μmol g− 1 h− 1 H2, increasing performance by approximately 7.5-fold. Furthermore, this study aimed to contribute to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach by using lactic acid as a sacrificial material to facilitate hole consumption. In addition to photocatalytic activity, the antioxidant properties of the photocatalysts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging method, and composition-dependent radical scavenging efficiencies were determined.
Ibuprofen and nimesulide derivatives selectively induce apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer via inhibition of the PLA₂–COX-2–NF-κB pathway
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Çakırlı, Egemen; Bedir, İpek; Biliz, Yağmur; Yılmaz, Özgür; Küçükgüzel, Şükriye Güniz; Telci, Dilek
Background Chronic inflammation contributes to breast cancer development through the phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂)–cyclo oxygenase-2 (COX-2)–nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) cascade, which regulates prostaglandin synthesis, oxidative stress, and transcription of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. This pathway is particularly active in HER2-positive breast can cer, promoting proliferation, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and nimesulide target COX enzymes and have shown potential in suppressing inflammation-driven tumorigenesis. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity of newly synthesized, structurally modified ibuprofen and nimesulide derivatives designed to modulate PLA₂–COX-2–NF-κB axis. Methods and Results Cytotoxicity was assessed in HER2-positive breast cancer cells (AU565 and SKBR3) and compared with normal dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and breast epithelial cells (MCF-12A), using WST-1 assays. Apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, caspase-3/7 activation, and ROS generation were analyzed by imaging-based assays, flow cytometry, and fluo rescence methods. Gene expression of PLA2G2A and PTGS2 was quantified by qRT-PCR, and NF-κB translocation was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Two ibuprofen triazole derivative (D1) and ibuprofen thioether derivative (D7) and one nimesulide derivative (D8) significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner without affecting normal cells. These derivatives induced G₀/G₁ arrest, caspase-3/7 activation, ROS reduction, and increased late apoptosis. Downregula tion of PLA2G2A and PTGS2 expression and inhibition of NF-κB translocation confirmed disruption of the PLA₂–COX-2– NF-κB cascade. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that structurally optimized ibuprofen and nimesulide derivatives exert dual anti inflammatory and anticancer effects in HER2-positive breast cancer by suppressing PLA₂–COX-2–NF-κB pathway and promoting apoptotic cell death.
Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of novel nimesulide urea derivatives as potential MetAP2 inhibitors
(Nature Research, 2026) Yılmaz, Özgür; Biliz, Yağmur; Kuloğlu, Elif; Arancı, Kübra; Erdoğan, Ömer; Çevik, Özge; Karahasanoğlu, Müfide; Mert Şahin, Naz Mina; Çakır, Ayşe Buse; Tuzcu, Bilge; Yelekçi, Kemal; Küçükgüzel, Şükriye Güniz
A series of nimesulide-derived ureas were synthesized in high yields (69- 91%) via a novel synthetic method under organotin catalysis. The structural characterization of the synthesized compounds was determined using a variety of spectroscopic methods, including ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS. Following initial screening, selected compounds were further evaluated using specific biological assays, including cytotoxicity analysis, apoptosis assessment by Annexin V/PI staining, analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, and detection of DNA fragmentation using AO/EB staining. These evaluations were carried out in a variety of cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 (human triple-negative breast cancer cells), HeLa (human cervical cancer cells), PC-3 (androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells), MKN-45 (human gastric cancer cells), U87 (human glioblastoma cancer cells), and HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). Three of the compounds demonstrated efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cells, resulting in increased AO/EB staining and annexin-V-PI binding levels, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. Numerous studies implicate MetAP2 in angiogenesis. MetAP2 stimulates cancer cell proliferation when it is upregulated and appears to play an essential role in tumor progression. In connection with the cell lines studied in this study, a crucial MetAP2 enzyme target was selected for in silico studies to support the experimental outcomes. The three promising compounds have been demonstrated to accelerate cell apoptosis and inhibit cell division by targeting MetAP2. The compounds synthesized in this study potential to overcome the challenges of targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer. Alongside these findings, the antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. One of the compounds exhibited a radical scavenging activity comparable to the reference standard. In-silico molecular modeling studies were conducted in the final phase to evaluate the newly designed inhibitors as potential anticancer and antioxidant drug candidates. The most likely conformations of the MetAP2-ligand complex were sorted according to the free energy of binding score (kcal/mol) and agree with the experimental inhibition values. The computational results suggest that the newly synthesized compounds may be potential anticancer drug candidates.
Sustainable synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from melon (cucumis melo l.) by-products: RSM optimization, structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and photocatalytic performance
(Wiley, 2026) Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Kaba, İbrahim; Kahraman, Yusuf Sezai; Altınkeser, Tuğçe
This study explores the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using polyphenol-rich extracts from melon (Cucumis melo L.) peel and seeds as naturalreducing and stabilizing agents. Optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) determined the ideal synthesis conditions at a 0.078 mol/L metal concentration, 14.73 mL extract, and pH 10.77. Characterization through XRD confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average size of 21.7 nm, while SEM and TEM imaging revealed predominantly spherical morphologies. UV–visible DRS analysis showed a 368 nm absorption edge with a calculated band gap of 3.21 eV. DLS measurements indicated a hydrodynamic diameter of 135.6 nm with a PDI of 0.206 and a zeta potential of −20.5 mV, confirming good colloidal stability. The resulting NPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 40.7 µg/mL) and acted as effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes. Specifically, ZnO-NPs enabled the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB), achieving 63.56% degradation for 5 mg L−1 MO. These findings demonstrate that melon-waste-derived ZnO-NPs are sustainable and promising candidates for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
Development of biodegradable alginate films with aloe vera and quince seed mucilage: Physical, chemical, and biological properties
(Elsevier, 2026) Keke, Zeynep Serra; Temizkan Özdamar, Kevser; Alanalp, Mine Begüm; Altıner Kurt, Eda
In this study, novel biodegradable hydrogel films derived from quince seed mucilage and Aloe vera gel were developed and evaluated for their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Four film formulations prepared by solvent casting were characterized for swelling capacity (2.61–11.95 g), solubility (61.70–99.15%), thermal stability (TGA/DTG), chemical structure (FT-IR), surface morphology (SEM), optical properties (UV–Vis), me chanical performance (tensile strength ranging from 7.4 to 12.7 MPa), antibacterial activity, antioxidant ca pacity, and biodegradability. Quince seed mucilage enhanced the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the films due to its high-viscosity polysaccharide structure. In contrast, Aloe vera gel significantly increased the films' biological activity, particularly their antioxidant potential. Films with higher quince seed content exhibited greater structural stability, whereas Aloe vera–rich films showed increased short-term bioactivity and stronger antioxidant performance. Overall, the results indicate that hydrogel films produced from environmentally friendly and sustainable natural components can serve as functional, biologically active, and promising alter native packaging materials.
Assessment of antioxidant performance of silybum marianum extract as a natural antioxidant additive in polyethylene by time-dependent melt rheology tests
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Alanalp, Mine Begüm; Şıdım, Gizem; Mirmahmutoğulları, Esra; Pınar, Özlem; Durmuş, Ali
In this study, Silybum marianum (SM) extract as a natural primary antioxidant (PAO) additive was introduced into low density polyethylene. This primary antioxi dant was supported by a commercial grade secondary antioxidant (SAO, Irgafos® 168). The effect of compositional variations, mainly amount of SM and the weight ratio of PAO: SAO in the composition, on the thermooxidative stability of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was characterized by determining the thermal param eters, oxygen induction time (OIT) and oxidation onset temperature (OOT) using conventional thermal analysis methods performed in a DSC in air atmosphere. Fur thermore, time-dependent rheology test procedures were suggested for monitoring the thermooxidative degradation behavior of antioxidant-loaded compounds. It was found that SM loading of 0.2 or 0.5 wt% provided sufficient oxidation stability in polyethylene, at least 5 min at 240 °C under air when supported by introducing two- or three-fold of SAO. It can be concluded that these SM-Irgafos® 168 antioxi dant packages can be successfully used in polyethylenes processed in conventional melt processing windows that can be varied in 180–240 °C, in processing devices (e.g., compounder, kneader, extruders, injection molding, rotomolding) because the obtained thermorheooxidative stability times are longer than the residence time of polymer melts, approximately in the range of 1–4 min from the melting zone to die during the extrusion process.
Microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flower shaped bismuth sulfide nanomaterial and its usage for copper removal from spiked tap water samples
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Tezgin, Emine; Dalgıç Bozyiğit, Gamze; Zaman, Buse Tuğba; Serbest, Hakan; Turak, Fatma; Bakırdere, Sezgin
This study was designed to enhance the removal efficiency of copper ions from tap water samples by developing an adsorptive treatment method employing bismuth sulfide based nanoflowers (Bi2S3 NFs) and evaluating with the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) system. A fast, and easy microwave assisted hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize Bi2S3 NFs for this application. The equilibrium adsorption investigations were conducted in tap water samples following the full optimization of all experimental parameters through univariate optimization research. As the result of optimization studies, the removal process was conducted in the conditions of 30 mg of Bi2S3 NFs for 40 mL of aqueous copper solution which was adjusted to pH 7.0 with 2.0 mL of buffer solution. The adsorption process was enhanced utilizing a sonication bath for 2.0 min before the effluent separation. The removal efficiency values, expressed as percentages, were found to be between 83.8 and 98.9% for various concentrations of copper ions in the tap water samples. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to model the equilibrium data. Equilibrium constant of Langmuir was calculated as 5.887 L/mg. The results obtained indicate that the adsorption mechanism of Bi2S3 NFs, when used as adsorbents, is effective to remove copper from tap water samples.
Novel peripheral and nonperipheral tetrasubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines with ester-containing coumarin substituents: Synthesis, characterization, aggregation, thermal and antioxidant studies
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Özgül Artuç, Gamze
In this study, nonperipheral and peripheral zinc metallophthalocyanine compounds substituted with coumarin contain ing ester groups were synthesized, their chemical structures were characterized, and their aggregation behaviours were investigated. Their antioxidant properties were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH). The antioxidant activity studies revealed that the peripheral substituted phthalocyanine compound had higher antioxidant activity than the nonperipheral phthalocyanine compound. Their thermal analysis were investigated using thermal gravimetric analy sis. Thermal analysis studies concluded that the synthesized zinc metal phthalocyanine compounds are thermally stable compounds.
Nicotinic acid–modified chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced resveratrol delivery and anticancer activity
(Wiley, 2026) Şentürk, Sema; Kaplan, Özlem; Bal, Kevser; Küçükertuğrul Çelik, Sibel; Gökşen Tosun, Nazan; Gök, Mehmet Koray
This study focused on functionalizing chitosan with nicotinic acid, the active form of vitamin B3, to obtain a new derivative (ChiNico) with enhanced solubility at physiological pH, improved proton buffering capacity, and in vitro anticancer activity, and to develop resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles (nChiNico-RES) for enhanced anticancer performance. Chitosan was modified through EDC-mediated amidation, and successful conjugation was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and GPC/SEC analyses. Nicotinic acid grafting increased molecular weight, introduced characteristic amide signals, improved solubility at physiological pH, and enhanced proton buffering capacity. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation and showed sizes of 100–140nm, PDI values below 0.4, and a positive surface charge of +18 to +20mV. Blank nanoparticles exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, while resveratrol-loaded formulations demonstrated significant anticancer activity in HeLa cervical cancer cells and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Notably, nChiNico-RES reduced HeLa and HT-29 cell viability more effectively than free resver atrol and nanoparticles based on unmodified chitosan, indicating an additive contribution from nicotinic acid. In contrast, the cytotoxic effect on healthy BJ fibroblasts remained considerably lower, supporting the biocompatibility and selective potential of the system. Overall, nicotinic acid modification improves chitosan's carrier performance and offers a novel strategy by combin ing two natural bioactive molecules within a single nanoparticle platform.
Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a deep eutectic solvent-based extract of Prunus spinosa L. for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(Elsevier, 2026) Bozkurt, Rabia Nur; Şahin, Selin; Cadar, Oana
In this study, polyphenol-rich extract obtained from Prunus spinosa L. fruit using choline chloride/lactic acid (1/ 1) deep eutectic solvent was used as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent in the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The extraction system using a homogenizer was optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The conditions providing the highest efficiency for total phenolic content (40.885 mg-GAE/ g-FF) and antioxidant activity (86.22%) were determined as 46.179% (v/v) water ratio to DES, 1.478 g sample amount and 65.513 s extraction time. UV–Vis DRS, PL, SEM-EDX, HR-TEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, DLS, and Zeta Potential analyses revealed that the TiO2-NPs had a band gap of 2.8 eV, a spherical morphology, nanosize, and high crystalline purity. Comparative DLS and zeta potential analyses of aqueous extract and DES-based systems showed that the DES-based environment yields smaller and more stable TiO2-NPs. Furthermore, TiO2-NPs showed notable antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 52.4 μg/mL. The TiO2-NPs were utilized as photo catalysts to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Photocatalytic tests showed the highest efficiency, achieving 66.9% degradation of an 80 mg/L 2.4-D solution with 50 mg of TiO2-NPs at pH 5.5 within 120 min. The photocatalyst remained stable after three cycles. A nanomaterial has been sustainably created using an extremely environmentally friendly method for photocatalytic pollutant destruction.
Thermo, pH, and ionic-strength-responsive MPEG–PEI copolymer: A reversible soluble–insoluble support promotes glucoamylase immobilization and sustainable catalysis
(Elsevier, 2026) Haykır, Nazife Işık; Kosaoğlu, Hacim; Tuncel, Ali; Çelebi, Serdar Suut
Glucoamylase (GA) plays a crucial role in the saccharification of starch and other related oligo saccharides in the food and fermentation industries. The construction of an immobilized GA using a reversibly soluble/insoluble methoxy polyethylene glycol–polyethyleneimine (MPEG–PEI) copolymer synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry is presented in this work. Various MPEG:GA ratios were assessed to optimize enzyme loading and catalytic activity. Immobilized GA retained up to 12.6% of its theoretical activity but demonstrated excellent operational stability and reusability. Substrate-assisted immobilization, using maltose and maltodextrin to protect GA's active site during synthesis of the carrier, significantly improved enzyme activity—up to a 3.1- fold increase compared to the unprotected system. While maltodextrin yielded higher initial activity, maltose with a lower initial activity offered better long-term stability, maintaining 70% of its initial activity even after 11 reuse cycles. Kinetic analysis using the Lambert-W function revealed increased Km for the immobilized enzyme, indicating decreased substrate affinity due to a possible conformational change on the immobilized form of GA. While a minor decrease in conversion efficiency was observed under high initial substrate concentrations in practice, the reversibly soluble/insoluble MPEG–PEI copolymer exhibited effective thermo-responsive char acteristics, enabling the sustained and recyclable use of GA in starch hydrolysis and offering considerable potential for other future biotechnological applications.
The use of copper phthalocyanine pigments as blue colorants in gelatin films for aquatic food packaging
(Kocaeli University, 2025) Bayıl, Sibel; Çetinkaya, Turgay; Alanalp, Mine Begüm
In this study, Copper (Cu) phthalocyanine pigments, coded PD1 and PD2, were characterized, and the possibility of using them as blue colorants in gelatin-based materials for aquatic packaging was evaluated. Synthesized phthalocyanine pigments were compared with imported commercial PB15:1 (control) in terms of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, Cu, and ash content. It was found that the synthesized PD1 and PD2 samples were the ones closest to the commercial powder in terms of FTIR peaks, Cu amount, and HPLC results. The selected sample coded PD1 at 0.5 wt% with respect to the solution was further added to gelatin-containing solutions containing 10% and 5% glycerol, and dried films of GL10 and GL5 were obtained, respectively. Although the 10% glycerol-added film showed better color properties, L, a, b, Hue angle, and Chroma parameters were insignificant (p>0.05). Tensile tests and creep/recovery curves showed that GL10 had 107% higher elongation at break, 29% lower Young’s modulus, and higher strain values compared to GL5, making it softer and more flexible. Deformation parameters such as hardness, chewiness, and gumminess were also compared at different deformation rates for the selected GL10 sample. Results indicated that blue pigment-added gelatin films can be used in aquatic food product packages.
Efficient and facile synthesis of hydroxy-functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets by ion-assisted liquid phase exfoliation method
(Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 2025) Yaman Uzunoğlu, Gülşah
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets have attracted significant attention due to their unique mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. Their biocompatibility, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and versatility make them indispensable in cutting-edge technologies. Hydroxy-functionalized h-BN nanosheets (h-BNNS-OH) exhibit immense potential in various applications, including electrochemical energy storage, drug delivery systems, and heat spreaders in thermal management systems. This study focuses on the hydrothermally ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of h-BN powder to produce few-layer h BNNS-OH. The exfoliation process involves hydrothermal treatment of bulk h-BN in the presence of concentrated aqueous solution of KOH and NaOH at 180 °C, followed by sonication for dispersion of h-BNNS-OH in water. Characterization of h-BNNSs was performed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The resulting exfoliated h-BNNSs are hydroxyl-functionalized on their surface. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the successive execution of the hydrothermal treatment in the presence of excess alkali metal hydroxides and probe sonication as a facile and efficient exfoliation process, resulting in dispersions of h-BNNS-OH in water with remarkably high stability (beyond 9 weeks) and high product yield (17 %) at only one exfoliation cycle.
Impact of extraction solvents on total antioxidant capacity of barberry (berberis crataegina) plant
(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2025) Özdemir Olgun, Fatoş Ayça; Demirata Öztürk, Birsen
Defense mechanisms involving antioxidant molecules play a key role in neutralizing free radicals formed in the human body. It is important to determine the content of these molecules, which have become important in human nutrition in recent years, in consumed foods. This study aims to determine the total antioxidant capacity of the barberry (Berberis Crataegina) plant, which is consumed in many regions of Turkiye. For this purpose, firstly, barberry plant samples were collected from Mersin in summer season, the extracts were prepared with different solvents and CERAC method was used to determine the total antioxidant capacities of the samples. The highest value of total antioxidant capacity was obtained by 80 % (v/v) methanol solution for flesh part of the fruit. Total phenolic compound and total antioxidant capacities of the flesh part of barberry samples were calculated as 1.954 mmol gallic acid (GA) g-1 and 1.288 mmol Tr (TR) g-1, by Folin-Ciocalteu method and Cerium Reducing Antioxidant Capacity Assay (CERAC), respectively.
Seryum oksit nanopartküller: Sentez, karakterizasyon ve analitik kimya uygulamaları
(BİDGE Yayınları, 2025) Özdemir Olgun, Fatoş Ayça
Nanoteknoloji, nano boyutta mühendisliği ve teknolojiyi kapsayan endüstri, elektronik ve sağlık alanında birçok uygulaması olan bir bilim dalıdır. Nanopartiküller 1-100 nm boyutlarına sahip nano boyutlu malzemeleri kapsamaktadır (Khan Ibrahim et al., 2017). Nanopartiküllerin nano ölçekli olmasıyla yığın malzemelerden farklı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklere sahiptir. Yığın malzemelerden daha iyi özellik göstermesiyle pek çok alanda nanopartiküller yenilikler sunarak malzemelerin özellikleri iyileştirmek ve daha verimli hale getirmek için sıklıkla kullanılırlar. Bu alandaki araştırmalar nanopartiküllerin fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini inceleyerek çeşitli uygulama alanlarındaki rollerini anlamayı hedeflemektedir. Seryum oksit nanopartikülleri bu bakımdan önemli bir tür olup çeşitli endüstriyel ve çevre uygulamalarında kullanım alanları geliştirilen bir malzemedir (Altammar, 2023).
Energy production from gas hydrates
(Elsevier, 2025) Çifci, Günay; Parlaktuna, Mahmut; Çelebi, Serdar Suut; Okay Günaydın, Seda
Gas hydrates are a type of natural formation that contains large amounts of mostly methane, which is also known as natural gas, and water, in the form of ice. Methane hydrates are cages of water molecules that surround and trap methane molecules. Gas hydrate is geophysical, geologically and economically important for several reasons: Gas hydrates are good cap rocks for oil and natural gas. The methane hydrate itself is an important energy source. A volume of gas hydrate can store up to 164 times per volume of gas as zipped gas, and the fact that gas hydrate occurs almost all around the world. Methane seepage may indicate the existence of a deeper hydrocarbon reservoir, and the methane production and migration in the slope sediments may cause massive slope failure. Last but not least Methane gas has a minimum 22 times more global warm absorption capacity compared to carbon dioxide if it is released into the atmosphere. In other words, greenhouse gas is due to its contribution to climate change. Gas hydrates have drawn significant interest as a potential near future energy resource. Research in the production field of gas hydrates has focused on several key areas, including the feasibility of commercial production, the environmental impacts, and the technological improvements associated with the safe recovery of gas.
Management of plastic wastes: History, current applications, and future perspectives of recycling, upcycling, and reclaiming technologies
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Alanalp, Mine Begüm; Ergin, Mustafa Fatih; Durmuş, Ali; Das, Alok Prasad; Karakuş, Selcan
Plastic materials possess a variety of structural and physical features and some key characteristics that make them widely used in many applications due to their superior properties such as low density, chemical and mechanical durability, low cost, recyclability, easiness and versatility in processing, thermal and electrical insulating property, colorability. Plastics are used in various applications in many industrial areas and daily-life, including packaging (the largest segment), construction, automotive, electronics, and consumer goods. Since the 1950s, production and consumption of plastics has readily increased, with global production reaching over 370 million metric tons in recent years. This trend is expected to continue, with projections estimating it could reach over 1 billion metric tons by 2030. The highest plastic consumption is found in developed regions like North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. However, emerging economies are rapidly increasing their consumption related to growing industrialization and urbanization in these countries. Overall, while plastics play a crucial role in modern society, their increasing consumption raises important questions about sustainability and environmental health. The rapid increase in plastic production and consumption has led to significant environmental challenges such as pollution, wildlife harm, and waste management issues. An estimated 11 million metric tons of plastic enter the oceans each year. There is a growing push toward a circular economy model, emphasizing the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling plastics to minimize environmental impact. Managing plastic wastes effectively involves a combination of various strategies aimed at reducing, reusing, recycling, and disposing of plastics in an environmentally responsible manner. Modern societies can significantly reduce plastic waste and its environmental impact, promoting a more sustainable future by integrating these strategies. This chapter comprehensively summarizes and discusses the current applications of recycling, upcycling and reclaiming technologies of plastic wastes. Future perspectives and projections will also be highlighted to manage plastic wastes effectively and establish sustainable development in the world.
Redox-responsive and mucoadhesive nanoparticles: An overlooked synergy in modern drug delivery
(Elsevier, 2026) Küçükertuğrul Çelik, Sibel; Şentürk, Sema; Bal, Kevser; Kaplan, Özlem; Gök, Mehmet Koray
The continuous advancement of therapeutic technologies has intensified the pursuit of drug delivery systems that respond intelligently to physiological and pathological stimuli, thereby enabling precise, localized, and sustained therapeutic outcomes. Among redox-based approaches, systems responsive to intracellular glutathione (GSH) have attracted particular attention due to their ability to trigger disulfide bond cleavage and controlled release within diseased tissues. Mucoadhesive systems, on the other hand, prolong residence time on mucosal surfaces through non-covalent interactions and covalent bond formation, thereby facilitating increased absorption and decreased clearance. Despite their individual successes, the integration of these two mechanisms remains underexplored. This review critically examines the coupling of redox sensitivity and mucoadhesion, highlighting how disulfide-based bonds can simultaneously function as both redox-cleavable and mucoadhesive moieties.
Flaxseed-based green electrolyte enabling high electrochemical stability for advanced zinc ion batteries
(Wiley, 2026) Arıkan, Yiğit Berke; Kömürcüoğlu, Gökçe; Adhami, Sadaf; Yaman Uzunoğlu, Gülşah; Yüksel, Recep
This study presents a green and sustainable electrolyte derived from flaxseeds (FS) aimed at enhancing the electrochemical stability of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), thereby reducing the occurrence of free water molecules and alleviating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that contributes to the development of zinc (Zn) dendrites. The abundant hydroxyl groups present in polysaccharides and phenolic compounds within the flaxseeds coordinate with Zn2+, modifying the solvation sheath and reducing HER activity. Zn//Zn symmetric cells utilizing the FS-based electrolyte exhibited remarkably stable cycling for 3000 h at a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 (1.0 mAh cm−2) and 2500 h at 2.0 mA cm−2 (2.0 mAh cm−2). Zn//V2O5 full cells delivered a discharge capacity of 233.8 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and excellent rate capability across a wide current density range of 0.2–10 A g−1 . The ex situ SEM and XRD results confirmed uniform Zn deposition along the (002) plane without dendrite formation. This work demonstrates a biomass-derived, low-cost electrolyte formulation strategy that effectively stabilizes Zn interfaces, providing a green and efficient pathway for next-generation zinc-ion batteries.
Waste toner particles based dispersive solid phase extraction for the trace determination of cadmium in cinnamon tea samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
(Elsevier, 2026) Ali, Büşra; Büyük, Muhammed Ali; Bayraktar, Ahsen; Serbest, Hakan; Bakırdere, Sezgin
This study presents a dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) protocol for the sensitive and accurate determi nation of trace levels of cadmium ions (Cd2+) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Toner particles obtained from used printer cartridges were used as sorbent material for preconcentration of Cd2+ ions. Opti mization studies were performed univariately for the achievement of the highest extraction efficiency and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.55 µg L-1 under optimal operating conditions. By comparing the slopes of the linear plot equations for FAAS and waste toner-based DSPE-FAAS systems, the increase in sensitivity was calculated to be 40.9 times. The feasibility of the developed method was evaluated by spiking recovery studies on cinnamon tea samples and good recovery results between 90.4 % and 119.0 % determined by the matrix matching calibration strategy showed that the method is applicable to cinnamon tea and similar matrices.

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