Community disagreement and social enterprise performance in Pakistan: An exploratory configurational analysis

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dc.authorid0000-0002-4919-0445
dc.contributor.authorLiyakat, Muhammed Muhsin
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-07T06:16:11Z
dc.date.available2026-09-07T06:16:11Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
dc.description.abstractPakistan-based social enterprises depend on communities for information, legitimacy, and implementation support, yet disagreement may either reveal useful feedback or create pressure. This study examines how community disagreement, community value-obligation, and community conflict pressure relate to social service expansion and commercial performance. Survey data from 400 chief executive officers and social entrepreneurs were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and complementary ordinary least squares regression. The fsQCA results were assessed across seven calibrations and alternative analytical thresholds. No condition was necessary for either outcome. High disagreement combined with high conflict pressure appeared as a post hoc, calibration-sensitive pathway to social service expansion. Disagreement alone was the most recurrent condition associated with commercial performance and was positively associated with both outcomes in the regression models. Community disagreement should be treated as stakeholder evidence rather than automatically suppressed or obeyed. Its implications vary across social and commercial outcomes, supporting separate performance monitoring and a structured response process for Pakistani social enterprises and support agencies.
dc.identifier.citationLiyakat, M. M. (2026). Community disagreement and social enterprise performance in Pakistan: An exploratory configurational analysis. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), pp. 299-314. https://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.vii-iii.26521
dc.identifier.doi10.55737/qjss.vii-iii.26521
dc.identifier.endpage314
dc.identifier.issn2791-0237
dc.identifier.issn2791-0202
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.startpage299
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.vii-iii.26521
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1634
dc.identifier.volume7
dc.institutionauthorLiyakat, Muhammed Muhsin
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-4919-0445
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSwabi College of Education
dc.relation.ispartofQlantic Journal of Social Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Ulusal Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectPakistan
dc.subjectSocial Enterprise
dc.subjectCommunity Disagreement
dc.subjectStakeholder Voice
dc.subjectCommunity Pressure
dc.subjectSocial Service Expansion
dc.subjectCommercial Performance
dc.subjectFsQCA
dc.titleCommunity disagreement and social enterprise performance in Pakistan: An exploratory configurational analysis
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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