Design, use, and contemporary technological approaches of mouthguards in pediatric athletes

Orofacial trauma is a common concern among pediatric athletes, particularly those participating in contact and high impact sports. Due to their developing dentofacial structures, children are more vulnerable to injuries. Mouthguards are intraoral devices designed to absorb and disperse impact forces, playing a critical role in injury prevention. This review outlines the classification of mouthguards, fabrication techniques, and the process of personalized design. It also examines usage trends in children and highlights how awareness among parents and coaches influences adherence. Recent advancements in digital dentistry—especially CAD/CAM systems and 3D printing technologies—have enabled the production of custom-made mouthguards that provide superior fit, comfort, and protection. Studies suggest that individualized mouthguards improve compliance among pediatric athletes and significantly reduce the risk of orofacial trauma. Therefore, technological innovations, combined with increased stakeholder awareness, are believed to enhance the adoption and clinical success of effective protective mouthguards in pediatric sports dentistry.