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Evaluation of posterior segment changes in pediatric asthma patients with and without inhaled corticosteroid therapy
(Springer Nature, 2025) Kıvrak, Ulviye; Çiçek, Fatih; Köle, Mehmet Tolga; Kaya Adaş, Büşra; Kandemir, İbrahim
This study aimed to evaluate and compare changes in the posterior segment of pediatric asthma patients, potentially associated with asthma or inhaled corticosteroids. A retrospective analysis was conducted on children aged 7–17 diagnosed with atopic asthma. The participants were categorized into groups: Group 1 (no inhaled corticosteroids) and Group 2 (inhaled corticosteroid treatment). A control group of healthy children was also included. Demographic data, clinical findings, and laboratory results (e.g., eosinophil count, IgE, CRP levels) were collected. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to measure posterior segment parameters. Asthma patients demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in subfoveal choroidal thickness, the superficial capillary plexus in the superior and nasal quadrants, the choriocapillaris in the foveal quadrant, and the peripapillary vascular density in the inferior and superior quadrants compared to controls. Inflammation markers such as eosinophil count and CRP showed significant correlations with changes in vascular density. Asthma, as a chronic inflammatory and hypoxic condition, can significantly affect posterior segment parameters, leading to potential visual function impairments in children. Regular monitoring with OCT and OCTA can help detect early microvascular changes, allowing for timely interventions to preserve visual health.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for detecting cutaneous metastasis in breast cancer
(Mattioli 1885, 2025) Duman, Nilay; Yaman, Banu; Oraloğlu, Göktürk; Kararaslan, Işıl
A 45-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDBC) presented with an asymptomatic erythematous nodule on the right mastectomy scar. Dermos copy revealed erythematous peripheral border, polymor phous and atypical vessels, focal scaling, and multiple white structureless areas appearing as white clods and strands. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed a normal epidermis with a preserved honeycombed pattern, with der mal tumoral clusters of varying sizes consisting of highly polymorphous hyporeflective cells with different sizes and shapes.
Presence of myositis specific autoantibodies including anti synthetase antibodies predict favorable outcomes to rituximab in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis: Retrospective observational study
(Elsevier, 2025) Oğuz, Eyüp; Koca, Nevzat; Bektaş, Murat
Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) is a group of disorders that mainly affect skeletal muscle, joints, skin, and lungs. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the autoantibody profile including myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) and myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and their influence on outcomes, response rates, and associated factors to Rituximab (RTX) treatment in patients with IIM who followed up in a single tertiary center. Methods: Data from the patients with IIM who follow-up between 2019 and 2023 years and met the Bohan and Peter and/or the ACR/EULAR 2017 and/or the ENMC criteria were retrospectively reviewed. RTX was initiated in patients who had an inadequate response to at least one immonomudulatory/immunosuppressive treatment (refractory group) or as a first-line treatment in patients who had critical/severe disease manifestations such as respiratory failure due to severe intertitial lung disease (ILD), respiratory muscle involvement, and dysphagia. RTX was administered at a dose of 1 g every 6 months on days 0-15, and the dose was repeated at month 6 in patients who responded to treatment. Remission was defined as the patients who met all of the following criteria during at least 6 months: i) absence of a sign of muscle inflammation by manual muscle test (normalization of muscle strength in patients without damage) alongside muscle enzymes (normalization in CK and LDH levels), ii) improvement or no progression in respiratory symptoms alongside pulmonary function tests (less than 10% decline in FVC and/or DLCO) in patients who had ILD at baseline, iii) disappearance of active skin lesions among dermatomyositis (DM) patients iv) resolution of other features attributed to several manifestations such as arthritis, heart involvement and gastrointestinal symptoms if present.
Human papillomavirus vaccines in obstetrics and pediatrics: A comprehensive review
(Medihealth Academy, 2025) Gürbüz, Tuğba; Özdil Yılmaz, İlkiz Özge
This review highlights the epidemiological significance, immunological function, and economic feasibility of Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization, emphasizing both its benefits and challenges. Addressing vaccine hesitancy, ensuring equitable access, and expanding vaccination coverage for both genders are crucial to maximizing public health benefits. HPV is a highly prevalent infection with significant implications for global public health, particularly in obstetric and pediatric populations. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, is a leading cause of cervical cancer, a major contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Beyond cervical malignancies, HPV is etiologically linked to anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Additionally, it is responsible for benign but distressing conditions such as genital warts, imposing substantial psychosocial and economic burdens. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have significantly improved the prevention of HPV-associated diseases. The currently available bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines target high-risk oncogenic HPV types and provide near-complete protection against vaccine-included genotypes. These vaccines function by eliciting a robust immune response, effectively neutralizing HPV before it establishes an infection. However, despite their well-documented benefits, challenges such as vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, economic barriers, and global disparities in vaccine access persist. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of HPV immunization within obstetrics and pediatrics, emphasizing its epidemiological impact, immunological mechanisms, efficacy, safety, and implementation strategies. Furthermore, we explore existing barriers to vaccine uptake, disparities in global access, and potential future advancements, including next-generation vaccines and therapeutic interventions. Addressing these challenges through targeted public health initiatives, healthcare provider education, and equitable vaccine distribution strategies is essential to maximizing the public health impact of HPV immunization and reducing the global burden of diseases associated with HPV
Child and adolescent psychiatry consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Vatansever Pınar, Zeynep; Çimen, İrem Damla; Küçük, Elif; Köle, Mehmet Tolga; Kandemir, İbrahim
This study aimed to identify the biopsychosocial stressors influencing child and adolescent mental health during periods when facetoface education was suspended and to evaluate the psychological sequelae of school closures and related restrictions. We conducted a retrospective observational study at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, a tertiary care center in İstanbul, reviewing all patients referred to the child and adolescent consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) unit between March 2020 and March 2022. We assessed associations between psychiatric diagnoses and health-related stressors, school closure status, age, and sex using both frequentist and Bayesian methods. During the study period, 264,013 pediatric admissions were recorded, of whom 270 (0.10%) required psychiatric consultation. The proportions of suicide attempts and anxiety diagnoses did not differ between periods of open and closed schools (BF10 = 0.21 and 0.138, respectively; moderate evidence for the null). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds of suicide attempts were higher in patients exposed to family or schoolrelated stressors (OR = 6.63, 95% CI 2.72–16.19), in females (OR = 8.10, 95% CI 4.16–15.77), and with increasing age (OR = 1.32 per year, 95% CI 1.16–1.50). Female sex (OR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.03–8.55) and older age (OR = 1.30 per year, 95% CI 1.12–1.50) were also associated with depression. Anxiety was more likely in those facing isolation or healthrelated stressors (OR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.66–9.22). These findings highlight the differential impact of stressor type on internalizing symptoms and may inform resource allocation and crisisresponse planning in child mental health services.
Impact of obesity on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes: Five-year trends of Turkish nationwide survEy of glycemic and other Metabolic parameters of patients with Diabetes (TEMD Obesity Study, 2017-2022)
(S. Karger AG, 2025) Kıyıcı, Sinem; Demirci, İbrahim; Sönmez, Alper; Haymana, Cem; Mert, Meral; Nuhoğlu, İrfan; Taşçı, İlker; Salman, Serpil; Satman, İlhan; Bayram, Fahri
Background: Türkiye has the highest obesity prevalence in Europe. Obesity not only causes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but also impairs glycemic control in patients with T2DM. There is insufficient information about the demographic and clinical differences between individuals with T2DM who are living with or without obesity. Objectives: The second TEMD survey across Türkiye investigated the latest overweight and obesity prevalence in patients with T2DM. The present study evaluated the five-year changes in the prevalence, factors associated with an obesity diagnosis and the association between obesity and metabolic control. Methods: Patients under follow-up in tertiary units specialized for diabetes care were consecutively enrolled. The sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables were recorded. Metabolic targets were defined as HbA1c <7%, home arterial blood pressure (ABP)<135/85 mmHg, or LDL-C<100 mg/dL or <70 mg/dL or <55 mg/dL according to the risk factors or complications of patients. Metabolic target attainment rates were investigated across normal-weight, overweight and obesity body mass index (BMI) classes. Results: The TEMD Obesity Study enrolled 4935 patients with T2DM (age 58.9±10.1 years; women 59.8%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 33.4% and 55.1%, respectively. Obesity was more frequent in women with T2DM than men (66.2% vs. 38.1%; p=<0.001). From 2017 to 2022, the obesity rate decreased from 59.0% to 55.1%, while the overweight rate increased from 31.0% to 33.4%. As BMI class increased, the achievement of three metabolic targets decreased while the incidence of microvascular complications rose. Significant associations were found between obesity and sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education level) and lifestyle measures (diet, exercise, smoking) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The TEMD Obesity study showed a decrease in obesity rates among patients with T2DM between 2017 and 2022. Also, the findings suggest that obesity poses an important barrier to the achievement of metabolic goals.
Çocuk Hastalıklarında Beslenme
(Orient Yayınları, 2025) Haspolat, Yusuf Kenan; Akçay, Teoman; Peltek Kendirci, Havva Nur
Fruktoz: Dost mu düşman mı?
(Orient Yayınları, 2025) Akçay, Teoman
Fruktozun Kimyası ve Kaynakları. Fruktoz, basit bir şeker (monosakkarit) olup, doğada meyvelerde, balda ve bazı sebzelerde bulunur. Glukozdan yaklaşık 1,7 kat daha tatlıdır, bu nedenle gıda endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılır. Ancak, fruktozun metabolizması glukozdan oldukça farklıdır ve bu farklılık, sağlık üzerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkilere yol açabilir (Tappy & Lê, 2010).
Akdeniz diyeti: Sağlıklı yaşamın sırrı
(Orient Yayınları, 2025) Akçay, Teoman; Akyıldız, Dilek; Haspolat, Yusuf Kenan; Kavak, Vatan
Akdeniz diyeti, Akdeniz bölgesinde yaşayan insanların geleneksel beslenme alışkanlıklarını temsil eder. Bu diyet, özellikle 1950’lerde İtalya, Yunanis tan ve İspanya gibi ülkelerde yaygın olarak uygulanmıştır. Tarihsel olarak, Akdeniz’e kıyısı olan 22 ülkenin çoğunda, ancak hepsinde değil, nişasta içermeyen sebzelerin, asgari düzeyde işlenmiş tam tahıllı tahılların, baklagillerin, kuruyemişlerin ve tohumların bolluğu ve çeşitliliği hem erkekler hem de kadınlar için temel gıdalardı (Şekil 1). Kuzey Amerika ve Avrupa’nın aksine et, balık, süt, peynir ve yumurta lüks gıdalardı. Örneğin, 1950’lerde Güney İtalya’da çok az et yenirdi, genellikle haftada bir veya iki kez yenirdi ve süt, kahve (caffé macchiato) veya bebekler dışında asla kullanılmazdı. Şeker ve beyaz patates çok az miktarda tüketilirdi ve tereyağı veya krema asla kullanılmazdı. Soğuk sıkım sızma zeytinyağı başlıca yağ kaynağıydı. Meyveler ve çok az miktarda yerel peynir, yemeklerde orta düzeyde kırmızı şarap alımıyla birlikte oldukça düzenli olarak tüketilirdi ( Keys A. 1983, Keys A, 1954).
Oyun bağımlılığı ve hipertansiyon: Güncel bir inceleme
(Orient Yayınları, 2025) Akçay, Teoman
Oyun bağımlılığı, dijital oyunların aşırı ve kontrolsüz bir şekilde oynan ması sonucu ortaya çıkan bir davranışsal bağımlılık türüdür (Grüsser et al., 2007). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO), 2018 yılında “oyun oynama bozukluğu”nu (gaming disorder) Uluslararası Hastalık Sınıflandırması (ICD-11) kapsamına alarak, bu durumun ciddiyetini resmen tanımıştır (WHO, 2018). Gü nümüzde özellikle çocuk ve adolesanlar arasında yaygınlaşan bu durum, bireylerin fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir (Kuss & Grif fiths, 2012). Yapılan çalışmalar, çocuk ve ergenlerde oyun bağımlılığı prevalansının %5-10 arasında değiştiğini ve bu oranın pandemi döneminde daha da arttığını göstermektedir (King et al., 2020; Paulus et al., 2018). Bu yaş grubunda oyun bağımlılığı, sadece psikolojik sorunlara değil, aynı zamanda fizyolojik sağlık prob lemlerine de yol açabilmektedir
Predicting risk of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer using miRNAs and clinicopathological features
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Ergün, Penbe Gül; Aydoğan, Çağatay; Ceviz, Ayşe Begüm; Candan, Gonca; Batur, Şebnem; Yılmaz Aydoğan, Hülya; Öztürk, Oğuz; Öztürk, Tülin
This study investigates potential prognostic values in models created with clinico pathological features and expression profles of miRNAs known for their critical roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in PTC cases. Forty-seven lymph node-metastatic PTC patients and 46 non-metastatic patients were included. Using RT-PCR, miR-21, miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 expression was analyzed in carcinoma tissues and metastatic lymph nodes of the same PTC patients and carcinoma tissues of non-metastatic PTC patients. MiR 146b (p<0.001) and miR-221 (p=0.009) were overexpressed in metastatic PTCs compared to non-metastatic PTCs. The miRNA expression profles were similar in the lymph nodes and primary cancer of metastatic PTCs. In the presence of larger tumors (>1 cm) in metastatic PTCs, miR-146b and miR221 were overexpressed in the tumor tissue (p=0.036), while miR-222 was overexpressed in metastatic lymph nodes (p=0.035). miR-146b was also upregulated in lack of peritumoral lympho cyte infltration (p=0.006). In conclusion, our fndings suggest that the overexpres sion of miR-146b and miR-221 in PTC tissues may be associated with lymph node metastasis and a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, the presence of larger tumors and increased levels of intratumoral fbrosis in non-metastatic PTC patients could indi cate a poor prognosis.
Antihypertensive treatment of a patient with normal blood pressure: Case report and call for paying attention
(Wolters Kluwer, 2025) Atmaca, Hasan; Erol, Mustafa Kemal; Yetkin, Ertan
The current 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension defines blood pressure less than 115/65 mmHg by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as nonelevated, blood pressures in-between 115–129 and 65–79 mmHg as elevated blood pressure, and hypertension as ≥130/80 mmHg. There, might be patients seeking medical attention for the symptoms, apparently nonspecific but suggestive of hypertension with optimal, or not elevated, or elevated blood pressure values. A female patient with complaints of headache and dizziness lasting for 2 months has been evaluated in cardiology outpatient clinic and assessed by ABPM. It has been told that she had previously blood pressure of 90–100/50–60 mmHg and was suffering from headache when systolic blood pressure exceeds 110 mmHg. Her 24-h ABPM revealed systolic and diastolic blood pressure as 106/63 mmHg showing nighttime decrease compared with daytime pressures (98/59 mmHg and 108/68 mmHg, respectively). Thereafter, she was instructed to keep continuing the life-style modification and given to beta-blocker (bisoprolol 5 mg) as an antihypertensive treatment. At the end of the 2 weeks of follow-up period, she was headache-free and was feeling comfortable and well with a mean home blood pressure of 98/56 mmHg. We have presented prosperous antihypertensive treatment of a female patient suffering from headache and dizziness with a numerically normal or nonelevated blood pressure. In the presence of symptoms and having not elevated or elevated blood pressure levels, patients’ history on previous measure of blood pressure might facilitate our decision-making process.
Advances in parkinson's disease research: Exploring biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for halting disease progression
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2025) Bougea, Anastasia; Değirmenci, Yıldız
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra (SN) in 1% of people aged above 65 years (Ben-Shlomo et al., 2024). Its complex clinical picture includes motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, and gait instability, as well as non-motor symptoms (depression, psychosis, cognitive decline) (Schilder et al., 2017;Titova and Chaudhuri, 2017). Current symptomatic therapies have limited long-term efficacy (Aldaajani and Khalil, 2024). A deep analysis of neural network after PD onset could deepen our understanding of the molecular crosstalk and biological processes underlying PD pathogenesis (Tomkins and Manzoni, 2021). However, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, presenting barriers to monitoring and developing disease-modifying therapies. There are several different types of biomarkers for PD , such as clinical, neurochemical and genetic (Bougea, 2020). Ten studies provided novel insights into the early detection and monitoring of PD.in the occipital region of the PD group can be usedtilized as a rapid and objective test indicator to screen for depressive symptoms in PD.Zhang et al. identified circadian rhythm genesAK3, RTN3, and LEPR as biomarkers in the progression of PD by regulating NK cells, however, the exact mechanism is not clear.Wang et al. confirmed that authenticated GPR78, CADM3, and CACNA1E were as the biomarkers that mostly mainly participated in pathways, such as the 'cell cycle' and 'hydrogen peroxide catabolic process', and They also found; five types of differential immune cells that differed between PD and control groups were identified. Together, these studies highlight the importance of combination of biomarkers and risk variables into predictive models , improving early diagnosis and monitoring of PD. Sme of them may serve as diagnostics (lncRNAs, P1 amplitude) or predictive (NVU, cathepsin B, APA2, circadian rhythm genesAK3) may shed novel light on the pathogenesis of PD.Both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological (cognitive training, physical activity, and dietary changes) treatments are used to treat PD symptoms (Degirmenci et al., 2023;Ernst et al., 2024). Seven promising approaches were also highlighted by this showed that acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation significantly improved sleep, depression, anxiety, cognition, constipation, and quality of life of PD patients.Studies suggest personalized pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological therapies for PD, with nicotine, Golexanolone, taVNS, acupuncture, and FMT showing promising antiparkinsonian properties, by modulating brain activity. Further research is needed to validate their sustainability, safety, and effectiveness.Bibliometric analysis is a systematic approach to evaluating scientific literature and detecting patterns, and effects by using quantitative tools to filter data from relevant sources (Passas, 2024). This research topic includes two bibliometric studies that significantly expand their respective fields. This research topic combines important studies on the risk factors, treatments, biomarkers and bibliometric analysis. The results of these studies provide a useful guide for clinicians in their practice and to suggest targets for researchers in developing new diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. We conclude that the results of these studies are a useful tool that help clinicians in their practice and motivate researchers to look for new developments.
Management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by paliperidone: A case report of multidisciplinary treatment approaches, including apomorphine and electroconvulsive therapy
(Türk Nöroloji Derneği, 2025) Gültekin, Murat; Benli, Şeyma; Demirel Özsoy, Saliha; Değirmenci, Yıldız
A 34-year-old female patient with a history of bipolar affective disorder, who had been receiving paliperidone 100 mg monthly and biperiden 3 mg daily for the past two years, was admitted to the emergency department with a three-day history of fever, altered consciousness, dysphagia, mutism, rigidity, inability to walk, inability to speak, and vacant, meaningless stares. It was noted that her last paliperidone injection was administered 12 days before the hospitalization. Vital signs revealed a fever of 38.1°C, mild tachycardia, and normal blood pressure. Laboratory tests indicated leukocytosis and an elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level of 1098 U/L (normal range: 39-308 U/L), suggesting muscle breakdown. Neurological examination revealed excessive sweating, confusion, rigidity, and dysphagia. A written informed consent was obtained from the patient.
Suicide risk in psychiatric patients: An analysis of demographic and psychosocial factors
(SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL, 2025) Er, Filiz; Duyan, Veli; Özkan, Cengiz; Taymur, İbrahim
The aim of this study is to assess the likelihood of suicide in patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and currently receiving treatment, and to examine the relationship between this likelihood and demographic data, as well as psychosocial factors. Using a descriptive and cross sectional model, the data from 165 participants were collected and evaluated through a personal information form and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). The study revealed significant relationships between suicide risk and variables such as age, education level, marital status, place of residence, and types of social support. It was also highlighted that the participants generally had a negative perception of their psychological health, and individuals lacking emotional social support showed higher levels of hopelessness and negative self-concept. Furthermore, individuals receiving low social support were found to have a higher suicide risk. The findings indicate that social work professionals can play a significant role in identifying individuals at risk for suicide and developing preventive measures. These results point to the necessity of strengthening social support systems and improving psychological health services.
Fluid biomarkers in atypical Parkinsonism: Current state and future perspectives
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Bougea, Anastasia; Colosimo, Carlo; Falup‑Pecurariu, Cristian; Palermo, Giovanni; Değirmenci, Yıldız
Diagnosing Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes (APS) may be challenging due to overlapping clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the lack of pathognomonic diagnostic tests. Fluid biomarkers can be useful tools that make it easier to identify and track diferent APS. Objectives: this narrative review aim to update the current state of fuid biomarker research in APS and their potential implications in clinical practice. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus using the following terms: “Aβ42 amyloid beta with 42 amino acids’’, “ alpha-synuclein’’, “Atypical Parkinso nian Syndromes’’, “corticobasaldegeneration’’, “C reactive protein’’, “cerebrospinal fuid’’, “dementia with Lewy bodies’’, “multiple system atrophy’’, “neuroflament light, oligomericαsyn, phosphorylated α –syn’’, “tau phosphorylated at threonine 181’’, “progressive supranuclear palsy’’, “Seeding Amplifcation Assay’’, “t-tau; total tau”. The lack of high-afnity α-syn antibodies and ligands may contribute to α-syn’s low efcacy as a diagnostic biomarker of APS. Cerebrospinal fuid (CSF) biomarkers refecting Alzheimer pathology, axonal damage (neuroflament light chain) add valuable diagnostic and prog nostic information in the neurochemical characterization of APS. Infammatoryand microRNAs markers need to be further validated before their clinical use. Seeding Amplifcation Assays (SAA), despite their high sensitivity and specifcity, are at this point used only as a research tool, and they are not quantitative or refective of disease severity. Biomarker research for early identifcation and prognosis of APS patients requires multicenter collaboration, validation, and AI-based diagnostics, despite immature biological classifcation systems.
GWAS analysis of sudden cardiac death cases in a Turkish population
(İstanbul University Press, 2025) Özel Cavlak, Gülay; Cavlak, Mehmet; Kınoğlu, Kubilay; Ceviz, Ayşe Begüm; Eronat, Allison Pınar; Kobak, Işıl; Şam, Bülent; Yıldız, Mustafa; Bayraktar, Bülent; Yılmaz Aydoğan, Hülya; Öztürk, Oğuz
Objective: Sudden death is defined as death occurring within one hour of the onset of symptoms, with cardiovascular diseases being one of the leading causes. The most common genetic factors leading to sudden cardiac death are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomy6 opathy. In some cases, autopsies may reveal no evidence of long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, or Brugada Syndrome. Materials and Methods: We collected samples from sudden cardiac death cases aged 5–40 years (arrhythmia as Group 1, hypertrophy as Group 2, and ischemic heart disease as Group 3), as well as from healthy athletes (control group as Group 4), and analyzed them using genome6wide association study (GWAS) with a DNA microchip containing 196,725 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers thought to be associated with sudden cardiac death or other cardiovascular diseases. Results: We detected any possible genetic variations or patterns that could elucidate the mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death in a Turkish population. In our study group, two polymorphisms; rs2971851 and rs9609516, stood out as prominent variants compared with healthy elite athletes. Conclusion: We aimed to identify potential genetic variations or patterns that could shed light on the mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death in the Turkish population. In our study group, two poly6 morphisms, rs2971851 and rs9609516, emerged as prominent variants when compared to healthy athletes.
Dual etiology vs. MetALD: how MAFLD and MASLD address liver diseases coexistence
(OAE Publishing, 2025) Zerehpooshnesfchi, Shadi; Lonardo, Amedeo; Fan, Jian-Gao; Elwakil, Reda; Tanwandee, Tawesak; Altarrah, Munira; Örmeci, Necati; Eslam, Mohammed
Fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction has emerged as a significant global health challenge. This condition often coexists with other liver diseases, such as alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis, complicating both diagnosis and management. To address the limitations of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) classification, two alternative frameworks have been proposed: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 2023. A key difference between these definitions is how they consider fatty liver disease in relation to the coexistence of other liver conditions. MAFLD adopts a dual etiology concept, creating a unified classification system that aligns with contemporary clinical and epidemiological needs. In contrast, MASLD introduces a new term, MetALD (metabolic and alcohol-related/associated liver disease), to describe patients who have both metabolic dysfunction and excessive alcohol intake. This review critically examines the clinical, research, and epidemiological implications of the differing approaches of MAFLD and MASLD, offering insights into their potential to enhance the understanding and management of multi-etiology liver diseases.
Early stage effectiveness of the automated insulin delivery system—is artificial intelligence really effective?
(AVES, 2025) Çetin, Ferhat; Göncüoğlu, Enver Şükrü; Abalı, Saygın; Arslanoğlu, İlknur; Deyneli, Oğuzhan; Telci Çaklılı, Özge; Yalın Turna, Hülya; Şahiner, Elif; Güzel, Dila; Yılmaz, Mehmet Temel
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-learning capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. The hypothesis was that if the success of closed-loop insulin delivery is mainly attributed to AI algorithms, then the improvement in glycemic control would be more signifi cant just after the “learning” phase. Methods: The Medtrum A8 TouchCare® Nano system was used on 15 patients with type 1 diabetes. Daily continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data pre-automated insulin delivery (AID) was statisti cally compared with the post-AID period. Results: Patients (median age 32 (6-54) years, 40% female) had a median HbA1c of 8.4% (5.3-10.7) before initiation of AID and a median GMI of 6.6% (5.8-8.3) after 2 weeks. The shifts in glycemia and glycemic variability between the 5-day period pre-AID vs. the first day and the 3 5-day periods post-AID were significant (pre-AID vs. 1-5-10-15 days; time in range (TIR, %): 55.9 vs. 76.6-81.7-83.8- 81.5 (P=.001); Q1 (mg/dL): 123 vs. 112-108-106-110 (P=.009); Q3 (mg/dL): 204 vs. 176-173-168-169 (P=.004); inter-quarter range (IQR, mg/dL): 78 vs. 57.2-56.6-53-55 (P=.002)). The biggest shift in TIR was achieved in the first day (10.1%). Comparative analysis of the 5-day intervals post-AID was insig nificant by means of the improvement in glycemia (P > .05). No significant change in glycemic param eters between 15, 30, and 90 days were noted (P > .05). Conclusion: Artificial intelligence-augmented AID becomes effective at the very early stages of initia tion. There is a need for further research into glycemic changes in the early days of AID initiation to better define the principles of initiating AID systems.
Cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of polyphenolic compounds on breast cancer cells by altering Jam-A, LFA-1, and VLA-4 gene expression
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Özkara, Gülçin; Ceviz, Ayşe Begüm; Eronat, Allison Pinar; Pehlevan Karabıyık, Funda; Candan, Gonca; Özturk, Oğuz; Yılmaz Aydoğan, Hülya
This study represents the initial research of the effects of a com bination of the largest number (13) of different polyphenic sub stances (PFK5120), formulated based on the propolis content on cell viability, migration and expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and junction adhesion molecule A (Jam-A) in breast cancer (BC) cells. PFK5120 negatively affected cell viability at a 5% concentra tion as compared with unexposed ones (p<0.001). Treatment with 20% PFK5120 for 48h down-regulated Jam-A in MCF-7 and MCF-10A, up-regulated LFA-1 in MCF-10A and MDA-MB-231, and down-regulated VLA-4 in MCF-10A and MDA-MB-231 (p<0.001). Furthermore, migration was found to be inhibited by PFK5120 at varying doses and times. Migration was completely inhibited by 35% PFK5120 treatment in MDA-MB-231, while even lower concen trations (10%) were effective in MCF-7. Current findings indicate that PFK5120 represents a valuable natural component of BC ther apy through its cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects.

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