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Yayın Knowledge, attitude, practice about radiation safety of dental students(Elsevier, 2024) Okumuş, Özlem; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalAIM or PURPOSE The purpose of this questionnaire was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice among dental students about radiation safety in a dental school. MATERIALS and METHOD The third, fourth and fifth-grade students at the Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry were participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 9 multiple-choice, 15 true/false questions related to basic knowledge of radiation safety, and 7 true/false questions regarding practice and attitude was administered. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-squared test and Fisher Freeman Halton exact test. P values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS 164 students participated in the questionnaire and 32.9% of the participants were third-grade, 36% of them were fourth-grade, and 31.1% of them were fifth-grade students. 93.3% of the students answered ‘‘yes’’ to the principle of staying at least 3 meters away from the patient and using a lead apron during X-ray examination. The correct response rate to the question ‘‘What is the ALARA principle?’’ was significantly higher among 3rd-grade students (98.1%) compared to 4th-grade (88.1%) and 5th-grade students (86.3%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION(S) It has been observed that students have sufficient knowledge about attitudes and practical applications regarding radiation safety and protection.Yayın Determination of sex using frontal sinus morphometry with CBCT(Elsevier, 2024) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Okumuş, ÖzlemAIM or PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphometry of the frontal sinuses and compare it with the nasal, maxillary, cranial and the mandible widths, as well as their relationship with age, sex, and side. MATERIALS and METHOD The randomly selected 208 patients aged from 20 to 85 years were analysed. The measurements of mesio-distal, antero-posterior, and supero-inferior dimension of frontal sinus, cranial width, nasal width, maxillary width, and mandibular width were examined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Statistical analyses were performed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, paired sample t test, Oneway ANOVA test, Student's t-test. P values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS In all parameters, the average values of males were statistically significantly higher than those of females (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mesio-distal, antero-posterior, and supero-inferior frontal sinus measurement between the right and left sides in all cases (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of total anterioposterior measurement among age groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION(S) This study revealed that the measurements of frontal sinuses and other cranial parametres can be useful in sex determination using CBCT.Yayın CBCT artifact evaluation in a single device: Insights and limitations(Marmara University, 2024) Yalçın, Eda Didem; Aslan Öztürk, Elif MeltemObjective: To classify the types of artifacts in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate them according to age and gender. Methods: CBCT images of 1500 patients (766 males and 734 females) aged 5-92 (mean age: 40.89 ± 18.82 years) were retrospectively evaluated and the patients were categorized into 4 age groups: under 20 years old, 20-39 ages, 40-59 and over 60 years old. The types of artifacts encountered in CBCT images were classified. The relationship between the artifact types with age and gender were investigated. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the relationships between variables and distribution of parameters. Results: Of the cases, 284 (18.9%) were under the age of 20, 389 (25.9%) were between the ages of 20-39, 554 (36.9%) were between the ages of 40-59 and 273 (18.2%) were over the age of 60. Moire artifact was observed at the highest rate (100%), while motion artifact was determined at the lowest rate (19.5%), and no ring artifact was detected in the analyzed images. Metallic artifact, metallic artifact removal, streak artifact and presence of dark bands were found to be statistically significant in females (p = .002, p = .001, p = .002 and p = .002, respectively). There was no statistically significant correlation between cupping artifact, metallic artifact, metallic artifact removal, streak artifact, dark band and noise, and stitched artifact (p > .05). Conclusion: Both device and patient-based artifacts in CBCT images should be known, as well as the ways to prevent them.Yayın Morphometric analysis of the Sella Turcica on cone-beam computed tomography images(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) İnce, Rümeysa; Cihan, Ömer Faruk; Bahşi, İlhan; Yalçın, Eda DidemIntroduction: Sella turcica is an important anatomic formation that contains the pituitary gland and is in a close neighborhood with many vital structures. It is important to know the morphometry of the sella turcica, as it is a transition point during surgical interventions such as the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the region. The findings obtained are thought to be useful in the examination of sella turcica and surrounding structures and will contribute to the literature by knowing the morphometry of the region for the surgical method. Method: In this study, cone-beam computed tomography images of 400 individuals, 200 females and 200 males, aged between 18 and 65 years, who did not have craniofacial pathology, who applied to Gaziantep University, Faculty of Dentistry between 2015 and 2020 for any reason, were evaluated retrospectively. In the sagittal section, 8 parameters were examined, 6 of which were transverse. Results: The length () of the sella turcica in the sagittal plane is 10.19±1.77 mm, the diameter of the sella turcica is 11.6±1.69 mm, the anterior height of the sella turcica is 7.88±1.56 mm, the median height of the sella turcica 8.18±1.42 mm, posterior height of sella turcica 6.98±1.31 mm, width of sella turcica 11.10±1.6 mm. The distance between anterior clinoid processes in the transverse plane was 24.93±2.57 mm, and the distance between posterior clinoid processes was 14.92±2.46 mm. Conclusion: It was determined that there was an increase in many parameters with age, and length of the sella turcica and anterior clinoid processes were statistically significantly higher in males.Yayın Temporomandibular eklem görüntülemede bilgisayarlı tomografi ve konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografinin tanı kriterleri(Türkiye Klinikleri, 2024) Yalçın, Eda Didem; Avcu, NihalTemporomandibular eklem (TME) ve çevre yapılardaki anomalilerin teşhisinde özellikle kemik yapıların incelenmesinde yüksek uzaysal çözünürlüğe sahip olan bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT)'nin karşılaştırmalı çalışmalarda en iyi görüntüleme yöntemleri oldukları gösterilmiştir. Son yıllarda BT'ye göre daha düşük radyasyon dozu, daha kısa tarama zamanı, düşük maliyet, kolay kullanım, görüntülerin multiplanar kesitlerde detaylı analizine ve rekonstrüksiyonuna imkan vermesi nedeniyle KIBT, TME kemik yapılarının incelenmesinde daha yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu yazıda TME görüntülemede BT ve KIBT'ın tanı kriterleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler sunulmaktadır.Yayın Investigation of the relationship of the maxillary sinus floor with maxillary posterior teeth using cone beam CT(Via Medica, 2024) Cihan, Ömer Faruk; Can, Habibe; Yalçın, Eda DidemBackground: Any intervention to the maxillary posterior teeth (MPT) and alveola pose a risk of sinus perforation. Given the proximity of these structures, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus (MS) and MPT. Materials and methods: CBCT images obtained from 207 patients (mean age, 45 ± 17 years; age range: 18–92 years) including 99 females and 108 males were examined retrospectively. Patients with sinus pathologies affecting the structure of MS and a history of oral and maxillofacial surgery were excluded from the study. On these images, the relationship of maxillary sinus floor (MSF) with 2 premolars and 3 molars was examined bilaterally for each patient using Kwak H. H. et al.’s classification. The presence, number, frequency and location of septa within the MSF were investigated. Results: Examination of a total of 410 maxillary sinuses on the images of 207 patients with no sinus perforation or pathology revealed that septa were most commonly (48.7%) located in the middle segment (second molars). When the relationship between the MSF and MPT was evaluated, molar teeth were found to have a closer relationship with the MSF than premolars. 1 Conclusions: It is believed that the findings of this study may provide further guidance to the dental practitioners and other clinicians for future studies.Yayın Evaluation of submandibular and parotid salivary glands by ultrasonography in patients with diabetes(Wiley Online Library, 2024) Aslan Öztürk, Elif Meltem; Yalçın, Eda DidemBackground: Microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) include oral manifestations and complications, including xerostomia, reduced salivary flow, susceptibility to infection, periodontal disease and salivary gland enlargement. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate B-mode ultrasonography (USG) parameters such as size, volume and echogenicity of the submandibular and parotid salivary glands on both sides, shear-wave elastography (SWE) value and colour Doppler properties in patients with DM and healthy control groups. Methods: In total, 160 right and left submandibular glands and 160 right and left parotid glands of 80 patients, 40 patients (20 type 1 DM, 20 type 2 DM) and 40 healthy control group, between the ages of 18-70 were examined by USG. Echogenicity, parenchyma internal structure, margin and dimensional measurements (antero-posterior length, supero-inferior length, medio-lateral length and volume) and colour Doppler with 'ML 6-15-D Matrix Array (4-15 MHz)' probe, shear-wave elastography '9L-D (2-8 MHz)' probe was investigated. Result: Statistically significant difference was observed in echogenicity in the right submandibular gland, echogenicity in the right parotid gland, margin characteristics, parenchymal homogeneity and colour Doppler characteristics between the type 1 DM, type 2 DM and control groups (p < .05). It was observed that the size, volume and SWE values of both submandibular and parotid glands were higher in the DM patient group than in the control group. Higher values were observed in type 2 DM compared to type 1 DM in the patient group. Conclusion: USG is an effective imaging technique in investigating the effects of diabetes on the submandibular and parotid salivary glands.Yayın Evaluation of sella turcica types with two different classifications in cone-beam computed tomography(Panstwowy Zaklad Wydawnictw Lekarskich, 2023) Yalçın, Eda Didem; Doğan, Mehmet Emin; Kotanlı, SedefIntroduction: Sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland. Objectives: To investigate the morphological types of sella turcica with two different classifications in conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a group of Turkish population. Material and methods: Full head CBCT images of 1,000 patients (535 men, 465 women), aged 6-91 years, were retrospectively analyzed. Morphological types of sella turcica were evaluated in multiplanar planes of CBCT according to two classification systems, and a relationship between them was examined. Relationships between categorical variables were analyzed using c2 test. Results: Frequency of basic morphological types of sella turcica was as follows: oval, 48%; flattened, 34.7%; circular, 17.3%. Flattened type of basic morphological sella types was significantly higher in males (p = 0.001). Except this type, there was no significant difference between genders. Normal type of sella turcica was detected in 532 (53.2%) of 1,000 patients. Frequency of other morphological types of sella turcica were as follows, respectively: irregularity (notching) in the posterior part of dorsum sella, 40.9%; sella turcica bridging, 2%; pyramidal shape of dorsum sella, 1.7%; oblique anterior wall, 1.2%; double contour of sellar floor, 1%. Irregularity (notching) in the posterior part of sella turcica type was observed significantly more in cases, in which basic morphological sella types were flattened (p = 0.001). Conclusions: A higher rate of normal sella morphology was detected on CBCT compared with studies conducted with wider age range. Oval sella was mostly observed with normal sella, and flattened sella was mostly determined with irregularity in posterior part of dorsum sella. CBCT is a useful technique to examine morphological types of sella turcica.Yayın Relationship between ostiomeatal complex variations and maxillary sinus pathologies in children and adolescents using CBCT(Pera Yayıncılık, 2023) Yalçın, Eda Didem; Aslan Öztürk, Elif Meltem; Bozkaya, SüleymanObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate relationship between ostiomeatalcomplex variations (OMC) and maxillary sinus pathologies in children and adolescentsusing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 72 patients (44 males and 28 females) aged 7-18 years were evaluated retrospectively. Presence of nasal septal deviation (NSD), nasal septal pneumatization (NSP), concha bullosa (CB), accessory maxillary ostium (AMO), agger nasi cell (ANC), Haller cell ( HC), Onodi cell (OC), ethmoid sinusitis and maxillary sinus pathologies were investigated. Maxillary sinus pathologies were classified. Correlations of OMC variations with each other, maxillary sinus pathologies and ethmoid sinusitis were investigated. Chi-square test was used to analyze relationships among variables and distribution of parameters. Results: NSD was determined in 70.8%, NSP in 40.3%, ethmoid sinusitis in 75%, maxillary sinus pathology in 34.8% of images. OMC variations rates were detected as CB 31.3%, AMO 16%, ANC 16%, HC 24.3% and OC 18.8%. The most common maxillary sinus pathology was localized mucosal thickening, with a rate of 15.3% on right and 22.2% on left. Statistically significant differences were determined between almost all OMC variations with each other, and between anatomical variations in OMC with maxillary sinus pathologies except for NSP and AMO (p < 0.05). The presence of ethmoid sinusitis was more common in males (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Anatomical variations in OMC had no significant effect on maxillary sinus pathology except for NSP and AMO. Besides, most of anatomical variations in OMC were statistically significantly correlated with each other. CBCT visualization of these variations isimportant for sinonasal surgery and is an effective method in children and adolescents with low radiation dose and high image quality compared to computed tomography.Yayın Evaluation of the validity of mental foramen USG measurements by comparison with CBCT and determination of blood flow(Springer, 2023) Artaş, Aslıhan; Yalçın, Eda DidemObjectives: To examine mental foramen (MF) morphology and morphometry in comparison with ultrasonography (USG) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to determine the relationship between mental artery blood flow parameters and age, gender, dental status, alveolar crest height, mandibular cortical index (MCI) with USG. Methods: A total of 120 MF and mental arteries of 60 patients (21 males and 39 females), including 20 patients in each group, aged 18-39, 40-59, and 60 years and above, were evaluated. The horizontal and vertical diameter of the MF and the distance between it and the alveolar crest were evaluated with USG and CBCT. In addition, mental artery blood flow parameters were examined by USG. Results: When the horizontal diameter values of MF were compared in USG and CBCT measurements; the diameter was significantly lower in the measurements obtained by USG (p < 0.05). It was observed that there were no mental arteries whose blood flow could not be recorded, 31 (25.8%) had strong blood flow and 89 (74.2%) had weak blood flow. No significant correlation was observed between gender and blood flow parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Considering that CBCT images are used as gold standard in our study, it may be said that USG is not as reliable as CBCT in evaluating the MF dimensions in the maxillofacial region. Nevertheless, USG is a suitable technique for determining the visualizing and blood flow of the MF.Yayın Radiologic evaluation of the fossa navicularis on dry skull: a comparative CBCT study(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Adanır, Saliha Seda; Bahşi, İlhan; Kervancıoğlu, Piraye; Orhan, Mustafa; Aslan Öztürk, Elif Meltem; Yalçın, Eda Didem; Topsakal, VedatFossa navicularis (FN) is defined as bony depression that is not always present and is located anterior to the foramen magnum and pharyngeal tubercle on the inferior aspect of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It has been reported that FN can create an infection spread path from the pharynx to the intracranial structures. Therefore, the diagnosis of this variation is important. Although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) diagnostic accuracy has mostly been verified in detection and quantification particularly on human skulls, there is no study comparing morphometric measurements between direct measurement on the skull and CBCT measurement. The main object of this study is to evaluate the presence of FN on dry bones and CBCT images of the same dry skull and to examine the morphometric and morphological features of this formation. Thirty-two random craniums that were made available for this study that did not have any fractures or deformities of the cranial base were examined. The sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, and depth of the FN was measured both directly on dry skulls and radiologically on CBCT images of dry skull. In addition, the shape of FN (SFN) was determined. FN was detected in 10 (31.25%) of 32 craniums examined with both modalities. It was determined that sagittal diameter of the FN, transverse diameter of the FN, depth of the FN, and the shape of FN did not show a statistically significant difference between the 2 measurements. Unlike the literature, FN was investigated on dry bones both directly and in CBCT images in this study. In contrast to previously thought the FN may be smaller according to this findings, and this small variation can be detected with CBCT images. According to this findings, it can be said that morphometric evaluations on CBCT are accurate and reliable, and CBCT is a safe method for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Yayın Association between accessory maxillary ostium, Haller cell, and sinus pathologies in cone-beam computed tomography(Panstwowy Zaklad Wydawnictw Lekarskich, 2022) Yalçın, Eda Didem; Aslan Öztürk, Elif MeltemIntroduction Ostiomeatal complex variations may be affected by maxillary and ethmoid sinus pathologies. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of accessory maxillary ostium (AMO), Haller cell (HC), maxillary sinus pathologies, and ethmoid sinusitis, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods CBCT images of 628 patients (339 males and 289 females) between 19 and 91 years (mean age, 47.5 ± 15.3 years) were retrospectively evaluated. Presence of AMO, HC, maxillary sinus pathologies, and ethmoid sinusitis was investigated. Maxillary sinus pathologies were classified. Associations of parameters with each other, and with maxillary sinus pathologies and ethmoid sinusitis were observed. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the relationships between variables and distribution of parameters. Results AMO was detected in 27%, HC in 15.3%, ethmoid sinusitis in 61.5%, and maxillary sinus pathology in 47.9% of the images. The most common maxillary sinus pathology was localized mucosal thickening, with 28.8% on the right and 25.2% on the left. Statistically significant differences were determined between AMO and maxillary sinus pathologies with ethmoid sinusitis (p < 0.001), and HC with maxillary sinus pathologies (p < 0.05). Maxillary sinus pathology and presence of ethmoid sinusitis were more common in males (p < 0.001). Conclusions There was a significant association among maxillary sinus pathology, AMO, HC, and ethmoid sinusitis. Significant relationship was observed between ethmoid sinusitis and all parameters, except for HC. The presence of these variations may increase the possibility of maxillary and ethmoid sinus pathologies. CBCT is a very successful imaging method in examining the anatomy of the paranasal sinus region.
