Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/52

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A 12-week randomized controlled trial of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: Effects on disease activity and outcomes
(Elsevier, 2026) Özüpek, Gökçen; Altay, İkbal Süheyla; Kalyoncu Atasoy, Zeynep Begüm; Torun, Ege Sinan
Background & aims: Dietary interventions may improve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes through anti-inflammatory and metabolic pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on disease activity and treatment outcomes in patients with seropositive RA. Methods: In this 12-week parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 82 patients with seropositive RA were randomly assigned to a DASH diet intervention (n = 40) or a control group maintaining their usual diet (n = 42). The primary outcome was change in disease activity assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS-28 E SR). Secondary outcomes included change in DAS-28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS-28 CRP), as well as tender and swollen joint counts, ESR, CRP, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain and general health, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Adherence to the intervention was evaluated using the DASH diet score. Assessments were performed at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Repeated clinical outcomes were analyzed using robust mixed ANOVA or generalized estimating equations (GEE), as appropriate. Results: Of the 82 randomized patients, 49 completed the 12-week study. Adherence to the DASH diet increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). From baseline to Week 12, DAS-28 ESR decreased by 0.92 points in the DASH group versus 0.17 points in the control group, corresponding to a 0.75-point greater reduction (group × time interaction, p = 0.001). Significant between-group differences in change were also observed for DAS-28 CRP (− 0.62), ESR (− 3.90 mm/h), VAS-pain (− 2.19), VAS-general health (− 2.12), and HAQ (− 0.38) (all group × time p˂0.05). For SF-36, significant between-group differences in change were observed for physical functioning (+10.15), role-physical (+47.30), bodily pain (+22.17), vitality (+18.52), role-emotional (+38.61), and mental health (+12.06) (all group × time p < 0.05). CRP, tender and swollen joint counts did not show significant group × time interactions (p > 0.05). Furthermore, in the intervention group, improvements in DASH diet adherence were negatively correlated with changes in DAS-28 ESR and DAS-28 CRP scores (both p < 0.05). Conclusions: A 12-week DASH dietary intervention may provide clinically meaningful improvements in disease activity and patient-reported outcomes in patients with seropositive RA. These findings support the potential role of the DASH dietary pattern as a promising dietary approach to complement the management of RA. However, the relatively high attrition rate should be considered when interpreting the findings. Trial registration: This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT07170033). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07170033
Protein fermentation in the gastrointestinal system and health effects of its metabolites
(Dünya Kongre, 2025) Demir, Kübra; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Protein fermentation results in the production of short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, phenolic and indolic compounds, biogenic amines, hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and other protein-derived intestinal microbial metabolites. These metabolites have beneficial and detrimental effects on host health. Metabolites have beneficial effects, such as controlling energy homeostasis, improving intestinal barrier function, regulating immunity, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, high levels of some protein metabolites may reduce colonocyte lifespan, have procarcinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects. The number of studies addressing protein metabolites and their health effects in the literature is quite limited. This review aims to comprehensively examine the health effects of these metabolites, which can be considered targets for health research due to their therapeutic potential. For this purpose, keywords were searched in databases using various combinations, and the information obtained was compiled. In conclusion, various studies have reported both beneficial and harmful effects of metabolites on health. However, more studies are needed to better understand the interaction of these metabolites with nutrients and their effects on various cells.
Knowledge and practices of students receiving cooking education about food safety: The example of Istanbul province
(İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, 2026) Mutlu, Hayrettin; Tokay, Murat Mutlu; Ercan Karakaya, Zeynep
Nutrition is the most basic need for a healthy life. Healthy food consumption depends on ensuring food safety. Food safety encompasses processes that protect food from physical, biological, and chemical hazards and prevent loss of nutritional value at all stages, from production to the table. In this cross-sectional study, a face-to-face survey was administered to 348 students (male: 183; female: 165) enrolled in three high schools of tourism and hotel management in Istanbul. The overall knowledge level about food safety was higher among female students (14.553.44) than among male students (13.57±3.55) (p < <0.05). The total food safety knowledge level scores for the classes were 13.37±3.50, 14.64±3.60, and 14.22±3.70 in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades, respectively. A significant increase was detected from the 10th to the 11th grade, whereas the 12th-grade scores remained comparable to those of the 11th grade (p<0.05). The results indicate the need to expand and sustain food safety education. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that food safety education is a crucial tool for supporting access to healthy, safe food.
The thermogenic roles of bioactive compounds: A comprehensive bibliometric review
(Elsevier, 2026) Karakaya, Zeynep Ercan; Turgut, Rana; Günalan, Elif
The current review aims to describe the physiological mechanisms of thermogenic bioactive substances at the molecular level and to analyze the publications in the Scopus database using VOSviewer. The stimulation of thermogenesis by external factors, such as diet, is a multifaceted approach with significant potential to combat obesity and its associated metabolic complications. This understanding has led to numerous studies that have defined the thermogenic role of various bioactive compounds in metabolic health. Bibliometric analysis of these studies highlights the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), mitochondrial biogenesis, and stimulation of browning, which are the cornerstone mechanisms underlying the action of these compounds. However, each bioactive compound regulates distinct genes and signaling pathways, resulting in varied physiological responses. The findings provide a strong basis for the anti-obesity effects of thermogenic bioactive compounds. Many clinical studies can be designed using various doses, pharmaceutical routes, and forms of thermogenic compounds to treat obesity. However, phytochemical treatment interventions that include BAT activation must be closely monitored and managed due to the cardiovascular risks.
Neonatal dehydration and electrolyte disorders
(Nova Science Publishers, 2026) Günebak, Çiğdem Tuba; Keskin Sarılar, Zuhal; Samut Bülbül, Serap
Water constitutes the most prevalent substance within the human body, representing a fundamental component of bodily fluids. This vital element is indispensable for maintaining cellular homeostasis, accounting for approximately 75% of body weight in term infants. Water plays a pivotal role in a multitude of physiological processes. Dynamic alterations in body composition and fluid distribution are observed during the intrauterine period, labor, and the early postnatal period. The equilibrium of body fluid balance and distribution is contingent on the balance between water intake and loss. Dehydration is a prevalent issue in neonates, associated with considerable morbidity and mortality rates, and failure to promptly identify and manage this condition can result in severe complications. Dehydration is classified into three forms according to serum osmolality: hypernatremic, normonatremic (isonatremic), and hyponatremic dehydration. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus are vital for the maintenance of normal biochemical reactions and homeostatic functioning. Newborns in need of fluid electrolyte support should be evaluated by physical examination and other parameters (low urine volume, high urine density, high serum Na+), and treatment should be started rapidly.
Artificial intelligence applications across the spectrum of malnutrition: From undernutrition to obesity
(Elsevier, 2026) Günalan, Elif; Tartıcı, Gülser; Aladağ, Esra; Çonak, Özge
Background: Malnutrition is a significant global public health challenge, with rising prevalence and vital consequences. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed approaches to understanding, monitoring, and managing these conditions. In this context, a multidimensional approach, integrating digital anthropometry and precision nutrition with image processing and AI-based mobile applications, has progressed in the field. Objectives: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric and critical analysis of AI applications in malnutrition, including undernutrition and obesity. Methods: Using RStudio software (version 4.1.3) and the bibliometrix R package, 716 publications were identified in the Scopus database, of which 191 original research articles were analyzed. This context focuses on subfields such as digital anthropometry, precision nutrition, image processing technologies, and AI-supported mobile applications. Results: The findings highlight AI as a rapidly growing and interdisciplinary field of research. Engineering journals frequently publish cutting-edge studies, with the United States, China, Spain, and Korea leading in productivity and citations. Although diet, nutrition, and diabetes themes dominate the literature, undernutrition and obesity remain underrepresented. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of transitioning the current fragmented research landscape into a standardized and ethically governed framework for the sustainable development of AI in nutrition. By bridging identified thematic imbalances and prioritizing scalable digital tools, AI can be repositioned as a strategic pillar of public health, rather than just a clinical instrument. Such a shift is essential for effectively addressing the global double burden of malnutrition and ensuring long-term, sustainable progress in the field.
Epigenetic mechanisms of caffeine on athletes
(Nutrigenetik Epigenetik Derneği, 2025) Divanoğlu, Ömer; Ercan Karakaya, Zeynep; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Introduction: Caffeine is one of the most widely used ergogenic aids in sports, known to enhance endurance, strength, and reaction speed. While its effects have traditionally been attributed to adenosine receptor antagonism and increased calcium release, recent studies suggest that caffeine may also influence epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene activity without altering the genetic sequence, primarily through DNA and histone modifications. Mechanismssuch as DNA methylation (the addition of methyl groups that suppress gene transcription) and histone acetylation (relaxing chromatin structure to activate genes) play a crucial role in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation.
Epigenetic effects of caffeine
(Nutrigenetik Epigenetik Derneği, 2025) Ercan Karakaya, Zeynep; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Purpose: Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed bioactive compounds worldwide, naturally found in coffee and cocoa beans, tea leaves, guarana berries, and kola nuts. In recent years, the effects of caffeine consumption on chronic diseases, neurological disorders, and pregnancy outcomes have attracted attention, particularly in relation to epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epigenetic effects of caffeine and their potential health implications.
Epigenetic effects of caffeine on muscle in athletes
(Nutrigenetik Epigenetik Derneği, 2025) Divanoğlu, Ömer; Ercan Karakaya, Zeynep; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Objective: Caffeine is one of the most common ergogenic aids known to increase endurance, strength, and reaction time in athletes. Although its effects are generally thought to be mediated by adenosine receptor antagonism and its stimulatory role in calcium release, recent studies have revealed that caffeine may also influence epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are biochemical processes that alter gene activity without any changes to the DNA sequence, and these processes include DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA regulation.
Dietary supplement use among amateur bodybuilders in Türkiye: A preliminary report
(Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2025) Arslan, Utku; Sanchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesus; Günalan, Elif
Dietary supplements (DS) are of great interest among bodybuilders today due to their performance-enhancing and muscle development-supporting effects. However, unconscious use of these products can lead to adverse health consequences. Especially among amateur athletes, risk factors increase due to a lack of information, misdirection, and information from unreliable sources. This research aimed to examine the habits of sports supplement usage, frequency of use, preferred types of supplements, and motivation sources for these habits among amateur athletes in Türkiye.
Exploring nutritional supplement use by Turkish handball players: A pilot study
(Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2025) Mor, Ömer; Bayraktar, Bülent; Sanchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesus; Günalan, Elif
Handball is popular with high physical, physiological, and psychological demands. In addition to high-intensity movements, handball players must have performance components such as strength, agility, and speed and a suitable aerobic form to cope with high-intensity efforts. An optimal nutrition strategy helps maintain physical and cognitive performance, supports injury prevention, return to play, training adaptations, accelerates, and optimizes recovery processes. It has been stated in the literature that handball players tend to use nutritional supplements (NS) to facilitate the achievement of their nutritional goals. Therefore, studying how handball athletes use NS can offer an important understanding of the factors influencing their success. This study investigates supplement use among Turkish handball players and assessing the factors that shape their supplementation practices.
Sports drinks may affect salivary parameters in adolescent footballers
(Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2025) Bakdım, Kürşat; Yılmaz, Şeyda; Kement, Sevgi; Küçük, Fatih Berkay; Sücüllülü, Beyza Nur; Yalvaç, Seda; Vural, Yasemin; Saygılı, Seda; Özüpek, Gökçen; Özgün, Mete; Keskin, Melih; Özen, Buğra; Günalan, Elif
Many adolescent athletes turn to sports supplements (SS) to improve their performance. Still, the growing use of these products raises questions about how they might affect oral health in the long run. While most studies focus on adult athletes and link sports drink consumption to dental issues like erosion and decay, it is worth asking whether these problems could begin much earlier, during the teenage years. This study explored how supplement use may influence salivary characteristics and early signs of oral health changes in adolescent football players.
Safe or dangerous? Evaluating group a sports supplements in the context of the epithelial barrier hypothesis
(Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2025) Sadık, Merve; Aladağ, Esra; Bayraktar, Bülent; Sanchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesus; Günalan, Elif
The epithelial barrier hypothesis suggests that the integrity of epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory tract, and intestinal mucosa contributes to various chronic diseases. Long-term and high-intensity training, dehydration, malnutrition, etc., can cause epithelial barrier sensitivity in elite athletes. Elite athletes commonly consume sports supplements (SS) to enhance performance, support physical appearance, and prevent nutrient deficiencies. Scientific evidence indicates that SS can also affect the integrity of epithelial barriers. This study aims to discuss the potential effects of SS classified as Group A by the Australian Sports Institute (AIS) on epithelial barrier integrity.
Physical activity and intuitive eating in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A behavioral health perspective
(Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2025) Dal Koyuncuoğlu, Beyza; Kıpçak, Ümmügülsüm; Bayrakdar, Meltem; Kansız, Ayşe Nur; Günalan, Elif
As the global population continues to age, older adults face a higher burden of disease and multiple health conditions compared to younger people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most common chronic illnesses for this age group. With aging, reduced insulin sensitivity and less control over eating habits can lead to problems in blood sugar regulation and increase the risk of developing T2DM. Intuitive eating, which involves responding to internal cues of hunger and fullness rather than following external dietary rules, has emerged as a relevant concept in diabetes care. Likewise, physical activity remains a key factor in managing the disease. This study explores the physical activity and intuitive eating in individuals aged 65 and older with T2DM.
Mental and behavioral health indicators in retired Turkish athletes: Preliminary findings
(Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2025) Günalan, Elif; Demir, Kübra; Dal Koyuncuoğlu, Beyza; Bayraktar, Bülent
Sports are essential for improving and developing health. Retirement from sports is an occupational transition associated with changes in many habits related to nutrition and lifestyle. Changes in physical activity and food preferences can cause many problems, such as a sedentary lifestyle, stress, depression, and anxiety. For this reason, the career termination process in elite athletes can disrupt the future professional and social functioning of these individuals. This study aims to determine the mental well-being, hedonic eating, and physical activity levels of Turkish retired athletes from various disciplines.
Investigation of the effect of sex on caffeine-induced brown fat tissue activation by infrared thermography: A preliminary report
(Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, 2025) Ercan Karakaya, Zeynep; Günalan, Elif; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Amaç: Bu ön çalışmada, cinsiyetin diyetle indüklenen termojenez (DİT) sürecinde kahverengi yağ dokusu (KYD) aktivasyonu üzerindeki etkisinin kızılötesi termografi (IRT) yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kasım-Aralık 2024 döneminde beden kütle indeksi 18,5–24,9 kg/m² aralığındaki kadın (n=4) ve erkek (n=4) gönüllülerin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara 0.dk karbonhidrat jeli verilmiş ve 45. dk’da ise 200 mg kafein kapsülü uygulanmıştır. Termonötr koşullarda gerçekleştirilen 120 dakikalık deney protokolü süresince, supraklaviküler (SCV) bölgeden her 15 dakikada bir IRT ile sıcaklık ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: 0., 45., 60. ve 75. dakikalarda kadın katılımcılarda KYD aktivasyonuna işaret eden Tscf sıcaklıkları erkeklere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksektir (p<0.05). Ancak 90. dakikadan itibaren cinsiyetler arası istatistiksel anlamlı fark kaybolmuştur. Tref değerlerinde ise hiçbir ölçümde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Tscf ile vücut ağırlığı arasında negatif yönde, yağ yüzdesi ile pozitif yönde korelasyon ilişkisi bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Cinsiyetin DİT’e etkisini IRT üzerinden tanımlayan bu ön çalışma raporuna göre subklaviküler bölgedeki KYD’nin diyetle uyarımı kadınlarda erkeklere oranla daha erken ve belirgin şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu farklılığın seks hormonları ve yağ kütlesindeki farka bağlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte gelecekte planlanacak daha geniş katılımlı ve biyokimyasal parametrelerle desteklenmiş çalışmalarla cinsiyetin DİT sürecine etkisinin ortaya konması gerekmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra bu araştırma ile KYD sıcaklık düzeyinin vücut kompozisyonu ile ilişkili olabileceği gözlenmiştir.
The role of breast milk in the formation of the newborn’s circadian rhythm
(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2025) Yıldırım Çavak, Betül; Mutlu, Hayrettin
Circadian rhythm, also called the biological rhythm, refers to the repetition of an individual's 24-hour biochemical, physiological, and behavioral cycles. The sleep wake cycle is the most basic circadian rhythm. The hormones that play a key role in regulating it are cortisol and melatonin. In the first years of life, breast milk plays an important role in the formation of the circadian rhythm and helps the newborn adapt to its new environment outside the womb. The composition of breast milk is quite variable, and this variability provides the baby with clues about the outside world. Breast milk secreted during the day has a high lactose content, which provides energy for the baby, improves learning ability, and quenches thirst. Breast milk secreted at night has a lower lactose concentration but higher fat and melatonin concentrations. In the case of feeding with expressed milk, the time of expression and the time of feeding should align to maintain the sleep-wake cycle.
Patterns of nutritional supplement use in Turkish handball players: Influence of sex and competition level based on the ais classification system
(MDPI Publishing, 2025) Mor, Ömer; Sanchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesus; Bayraktar, Bülent; Günalan, Elif
Handball is a sport that demands explosive movements and unique skills, and its popu larity has been rising in recent years. This study evaluated elite handball players’ nutri tional supplement (NS) use profiles and the differences in sex, competition level, and com petition type based on the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) criteria. The data collection form contains questions about participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, training de tails, use of supplements, and related factors. Supplements were classified into A, B, C, and D classes according to the scientific evidence level of the AIS. The study involved 92 elite handball athletes, comprising 48 professionals and 44 amateurs, and included 37 fe males and 55 males. The most frequently used supplements among participants were magnesium (37.0%) (Group C—AIS), vitamin C (20.7%) (Group B—AIS), whey protein (19.6%), sports bars (19.6%), and vitamin D (19.6%) (Group A—AIS). Regarding sex dif ferences, a significant difference was observed only in Group C supplements, with male players using them more frequently than female players (p < 0.05). Professional athletes exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of supplement use, covering total, Group A, sports foods, performance supplements, and Groups B and C, relative to amateur players (p < 0.05). The results reveal that handball players have limited awareness of NS, empha sizing the need for training and consulting services.
Türk Kızılay İstanbul Aşevlerinde dağıtılan menülerin besin ögesi içeriklerinin değerlendirilmesi
(İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, 2025) Eryılmaz, Aleyna; Özel, Sude; Ergün, Özer; Günalan, Elif
Amaç Türk Kızılay’ın İstanbul aşevlerinde dağıtılan menülerin makro- ve mikro besin ögelerinin miktarlarının incelenmesi ve ulusal ve uluslararası otoritelerin belirlediği günlük referans alım değerlerini karşılamadaki yeterliliklerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem Çalışmada, Türk Kızılay İstanbul aşevlerinden (n=6) edinilen 487 adet menüde yer alan reçetelerin makro- ve mikro besin ögesi içerikleri BeBiS (Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi) programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Jamovi istatistik programına aktarılarak menülerdeki besin ögelerinin ortalama (x̄), standart sapma (SS), minimum ve maximum değerleri saptanmıştır. Ardından, menülerin besinsel içerikleri Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi-2022 (TÜBER-2022), Avrupa Gıda Güvenliği Otoritesi (EFSA) ve Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi'nin (FDA) diyet referans alım değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen kurumlar tek öğün yemek sağladıkları için, menü içeriğindeki besinsel bileşenlerin yeterliliği değerlendirilirken referans değerlerin 2/5’ini karşılamaları gerektiği dikkate alınmıştır. Bulgular Menülerdeki karbonhidrat, D vitamini, riboflavin, C vitamini, potasyum ve kalsiyum seviyelerinin TÜBER-2022, EFSA ve FDA’da önerilen günlük alım değerlerini karşılamada yetersiz olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç Aşevleri çoğunlukla yoksulluk içinde yaşayan yetişkinler, yaşlılar, özellikle de evsizler için birincil beslenme kaynağı görevi görmektedir. Elde edilen veriler bu kurumlardan gıda yardımı alan bireylerde özellikle mikro besin ögesi yetersizlikleri görülebileceğini işaret etmektedir. Aşevi menülerinin ulusal ve uluslararası otoritelerce belirlenen günlük referans alım değerleriyle uyumlu olması Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları’ndan Açlığa Son hedefine ulaşmaya katkı sağlayacaktır.
Yapay zeka destekli diyet önerilerinin bibliyometrik analizi
(İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, 2025) Aladağ, Esra; Günalan, Elif
Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı yapay zekâ (YZ) destekli kişiselleştirilmiş diyet sistemlerine ilişkin bilimsel literatürü eleştirel ve bibliyometrik yöntemlerle inceleyerek eğilimleri, uygulama örneklerini ve araştırma boşluklarını belirlemektir. Yöntem Son 10 yıllık süreçte YZ-destekli beslenme önerilerine ilişkin Pubmed, Scopus ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarında yayınlanan makaleler içerik, etkinlik ve güvenilirlik açısından eleştirel bir perspektiften incelenmiştir. Bibliyometrik analiz kapsamında ise Scopus veri tabanından “[AI-based] AND [nutrition] OR [diet] AND [recommendation]” arama koduyla ulaşılan ve 2016-2024 yılları arasında yayımlanan 24 makale VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular YZ destekli beslenme önerilerinin diyabet, obezite, irritabl bağırsak sendromu (IBS) gibi metabolik hastalıklar ve yeme bozukluklarında sıklıkla kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Eş-zamanlı kullanılan anahtar kelimelerin bibliometrik analizinde ise ontology, artificial intelligence, nutrition, deep learning, ai, machine learning, nlp ve random forest dikkat çekmektedir. Bu konuda en sık makale yayınlayan ve en çok atıf alan ülkeler Hindistan, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Birleşik Krallık ve Yunanistan olarak sıralanmaktadır. Sonuç YZ destekli kişiselleştirilmiş diyet sistemleri; mikrobiyom profilleri, genetik belirteçler, metabolik durum ve yaşam tarzı gibi bireye özgü verilerin entegrasyonu ile beslenme önerileri sunan yenilikçi bir alandır. Yapay zeka alanında kaydedilen tüm bu gelişmelere rağmen literatürde veri güvenliği, etik kaygılar, doğrulama eksikliği ve algoritma şeffaflığı alanlarında eksikliklerin olduğu ve kültürel beslenme alışkanlıklarının yeterince göz önünde bulundurulmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Gelecekte multidisipliner olarak planlanacak araştırmalarla bu eksikliklerin giderilerek alanın gerek bilim insanları gerekse klinisyenler arasında yaygınlaşması beklenmektedir.

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