Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/59

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RNA splicing aberrations in hereditary cancer: Insights from Turkish patients
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Kılıç, Seda; Şükrüoğlu Erdoğan, Özge; Tuncer, Şeref Buğra; Çelik Demirbaş, Betül; Yalnız Kayım, Zübeyde; Yazıcı, Hülya
The process of RNA splicing is fundamental in contributing to proteomic diversity and regulating gene expression. Dysregulation of splicing is associated with various human disorders, including cancer. Through functional studies, this study sought to examine the potential impact of seven variants within six inherited cancer-related genes on RNA splicing patterns in Turkish cancer patients. Upon detecting variants using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we used Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing to elucidate the effects of these variants on splicing. Three of the seven variants demonstrated no discernible effect on RNA, while four exhibited pathogenic characteristics. Specifically, the variants APC c.532-1G>A rs1554072547, BRCA1c.4358-3A>G rs1567779966, BRCA2c.7436-1G>C rs81002830 and MSH3c.1897- 1G>A rs1744149615 were identified as pathogenic, while the variants BLMc.4076+4T>G rs183176301, RB1c.2489+2T>C rs1555294636 and RB1c.1050-2A>G rs? were found to be benign from a splicing perspective. These findings highlight the importance of verifying the precise consequences of splice site variants through experimental analysis, given their potential implications for genetic disorders and cancer predisposition. This research contributes to the understanding of splice-site variants in inherited cancer predisposition, particularly among Turkish cancer patients. It emphasizes the necessity for further exploration into the mechanisms and functional consequences of alternative splicing for potential therapeutic interventions in cancer.
Characterizing the amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and optimizing the passage number for targeted applications
(Faculty Of Veterinary Science, University Of Agriculture, 2024) Dikmen, Tayfun; Erdoǧan, Metin; Altunbaş, Korhan
Mesenchymal stem cells are considered potent sources that can be used for tissue regeneration and treatment of various diseases and syndromes. Among the mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells come forward as they possess some pluripotent properties and there are no serious ethical concerns upon their derivation. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the nature of amniotic fluid stem cells is important. Although it is known that stem cells show slightly different characteristics between passages, scientists often consider only cell numbers and the proliferation pattern of the cells when deciding the passage to use in their studies. In this study, it was aimed to characterize rat amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for their mesenchymal and pluripotent features and make inter-passage comparisons by real-time qPCR to reveal their distinctions between different passages, and eventually help decide the appropriate passage numbers to be used in future research. The outcomes of the study showed that using rat amniotic fluid-derived stem cells at P5 could be beneficial for mesodermal differentiation studies and using them in earlier passages may be more favorable for the studies requiring better ectodermal differentiation properties.
Anatomical and morphometric features of the profunda brachii artery
(Medrang, 2024) Şanlıtürk, Yüsra Nur; Zeybek, Nurşen; Gayretli, Özcan; Öztürk, Adnan
When the literature is examined, studies evaluating the profunda brachii artery (PBA) are limited as most studies only investigate the artery’s origin. In 44 upper extremities belonging to 24 human anatomical specimens, single and double PBAs were observed in 39 and five cases, respectively. In cases with a single PBA, the origin was the brachial artery (BA) in 35 cases and the posterior circumflex humeral artery in four cases. In cases with double PBAs, the artery’s origin was the BA. Morphometric measurements of single and double arteries originating from the first branch BA were evaluated separately and compared according to sex and side. Our study, in which the PBA was examined morphologically and morphometrically, contributes to the literature anatomically and radiologically in treating humerus fractures and lateral arm-flap applications by surgeons.
The course of the phrenic nerve in the neck region and its relationship with adjacent anatomical structures in the thoracic inlet
(Springer, 2024) Yıldız, Nilay; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, Özcan
Pupose: This study aims to reveal the relationship of the phrenic nerve (PhN) with its neighboring structures in the lower neck region more comprehensively than previous studies and to minimize nerve damage by enabling invasive procedures in this region to be performed with high accuracy. Methods: Forty-one heminecks were evaluated. The relationship between the PhN and the anterior scalene muscle (ASM), internal thoracic artery (ITA), branches of subclavian artery (SA) and subclavian vein (SV) was examined. Results: It was observed that the PhN was located medial to the ASM in all cases. The distances were higher in male cadavers. The PhN was found to enter the thorax lateral to the ITA in 15/41 and medial to it in 25/41 sides. In 17/41 cases, the closest SA branch to the PhN was the thyrocervical trunk (TT) and in 24 cases the ITA. The PhN was located behind the SV in 38 cases and in front of it in 2 cases.The accessory PhN was found in 4/41 sides. There was no significant difference in morphometric findings between genders (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anatomy and variations of the PhN are of great importance in surgical interventions and invasive procedures in the neck region. The study provides important information to reduce the risk of damage to the PhN in surgical procedures. In addition, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the nerve may contribute to more successful results in nerve grafting and other surgical applications.
Managing CDH1 cancer risks in a child: Complex decision making in a family with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
(Wiley, 2024) Ağaoğlu, Nihat Buğra; Hatırnaz Ng, Özden; Zemheri, İtir Ebru; Ünal, Büşra; Gerenli, Nelgin; Tosun, İlkay; Yazıcı, Hülya; Özbek, Uğur; Kamihara, Junne; Rana, Huma Q.
Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in CDH1 cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. The management of CDH1 cases with a positive family history includes total prophylactic gastrectomy or intensive surveillance. In this study, we report a 16-year-old boy with intramucosal gastric signet ring cells in the setting of a germline CDH1 PV and a family history of early-onset gastric cancer. The approach to managing both the proband and their 9-year-old sister, who also had the CDH1 PV, presented a challenge to both clinicians and the family. Herein, we present the complexities of managing gastric cancer risk when a CDH1 PV is identified in childhood in the setting of a family history of early-onset gastric cancer.
Clinical implications of aberrant anatomy of the common hepatic duct in liver surgery: a systematic review and meta‑analysis
(Springer, 2024) Valenzuela‑Fuenzalida, Juan José; Avalos‑Díaz, Constanza; Droguett‑Utreras, Antonia; Guerra‑Loyola, Javier; Nova‑Baeza, Pablo; Orellana‑Donoso, Mathias; Suazo‑Santibañez, Alejandra; Oyanedel‑Amaro, Gustavo; Sanchis‑Gimeno, Juan; Bruna‑Mejias, Alejandro; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul
Introduction: Knowledge of anatomical variants that affect the hepatic duct (HD) are of particular clinical relevance during hepatobiliary surgical procedures. More specifically, the aberrant anatomy of the common HD is the most common anatomical variation affecting the biliary tree. Below, we describe different classifications of anatomical variants that affect this canal. According to Huang's classification, variations are determined depending on the insertion of the right posterior hepatic duct (RPHD). Materials and methods: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases were investigated until January 2024. The methodological quality was assessed with an anatomical studies assurance tool (AQUA). Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. For the subgroup analysis, Student's T-test was used. Results: The prevalence rate of aberrant hepatic duct (AHD) was 15% (confidence interval [CI] of 7-22%). The first subgroup had cadavers and images. For the cadavers, the prevalence was 15.83% (CI: 11.22-18.3%), while the images had a prevalence of 22.06% (CI: 18.12-25.33%). This subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between these groups (p = 0.127). The second subgroup comprised the continents where the included studies were from. In this subgroup, no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.613). Finally, regarding the right or left laterality of the HD variant, there were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.089). Conclusion: A AHD corresponds to a finding that can occur in a significant percentage of our society, which could be an accidental discovery during surgeries or present asymptomatically throughout life and be a cadaveric discovery later. We believe it is important for surgeons to have prior knowledge of the possible variants of HD to prevent possible complications during and after surgery.
Absans epilepside fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişikliklere genel bakış
(Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları, 2023) Hanikoğlu, Ayşegül; Kaya, Gül Büşra; Delen, Elif; Bilgili, Ali; Hanedan, Başak
Epilepsi kavramının bir hastalık olduğu düşüncesi ilk defa Mısır ve eski Babil İmparatorluğu döneminde ortaya çıkmıştır (Bennewitz & Saltzman, 2009). Uluslararası Epilepsi ile Savaş Derneği (ILAE) meydana gelen nöbetleri “Beyindeki anormal aşırı ya da eş zamanlı nöronal aktiviteye bağlı belirtilerin geçici olarak ortaya çıkması” şeklinde ifade etmiştir (J. Y. Liu et al., 2012). Dünya geneline bakıldığında ortalama 65 milyon kadar epilepsi hastası mevcuttur. Epilepsi nöbetleri ile ilgili komorbiditeler sıklıkla görülmekte olup, mortalite oranlarında ise ciddi bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu tarz etkilerin artarak görülmesi, epilepsiden muzdarip olan bireylerin ekonomik anlamda zor durumda kalmalarına sebep olmaktadır (Coppola, Iapadre, Operto, & Verrotti, 2017; Joan YW Liu et al., 2012). Hastalığın gidişatına bağlı olarak, nöbet geçiren bireylerin günlük aktiviteleri kısıtlı hale gelmekte ve bu bireylerin öğrenmede sıklıkla zorluk yaşadığı da görülmektedir. Bunun yanında, epilepsi insidansı çok yüksek ve genel olarak tedavi için imkânlar kısıtlı olup, bireyler tedavi olanaklarından yeterli ölçüde yararlanamamaktadır (Temkin, 1994).
Neisseria cinsi
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Akgün Karapınar, Bahar; Aydın, Mustafa Derya; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Nelsseriaaceae ailesinde bulunan Neisseria cinsi bakteriler Gram negatif diplokok şeklinde bakterilerdir. Bakteriler böbrek, kahve tanesi veya fasulye şeklindedirler ve içbükey yüzeyleri birbirine bakan ikili gruplar halinde bulunurlar. Birçok tür bulunmasına karşın N.gonorrhoeae ve N.meningitidis insanda hastalık etkeni olan patojen türlerdir.
Parazitlerin sınıflandırılması ve genel özellikleri
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Aydın, Mustafa Derya; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Tıbbi parazitoloji; insanda bulunan ve hastalık yapan/yapmayan protozoon, helmint ve artropodları inceleyen bilim dalıdır. Parazitler ve yol açtıkları hastalıklar binlerce yıldır bilinmektedir. Parazitozlar, tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinde kaydedilen önemli ilerlemelere rağmen, yol açtıkları akut ve kronik hastalıklarla insan ve hayvan sağlığını hala ciddi olarak tehdit etmekte, iş-güç kaybı, ekonomik kayıplar ve her yıl milyonlarca ölüme yol açmaktadır.
Stafilokoklar ve diğer katalaz pozitif koklar
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Akgün Karapınar, Bahar; Aydın, Mustafa Derya; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Gram pozitif koklar; üreme özellikleri, hücrelerinin bölünme ve diziliş özellikleri, oksijen gereksinimleri, insan vücudundaki yerleşimleri ve katalaz enzimi varlığı açısından farklılık gösterirler. Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji'de enfeksiyon etkeni olarak saptanan Gram pozitif kokların neredeyse tamamı stafilokok, streptokok ve enterokok cinslerine aittir. Streptokoklar uçuca bölünerek zincir görünümü alırken, stafilokoklar boşlukta her yöne bölünerek üzüm salkımı görünümü alırlar.
Streptokoklar ve diğer katalaz negatif koklar
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Akgün Karapınar, Bahar; Aydın, Mustafa Derya; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Streptokoklar; Gram pozitif, 0.5 - 1 µm boyutlarında, yuvarlak veya oval gerekli, hareketsiz, sporsuz, tek yönde bölündüklerinden çift ya da zincir şeklinde diziliş, gösteren bakterilerdir. Katalaz negatif olma özellikleriyle morfolojik olarak en benzer cins olan stafilokoklardan ayrılırlar. Hasta örneklerinde ya da sıvı besiyeri kültürlerinde uzun zincirler oluşturan streptokoklar katı besiyeri kliniklerinde kısa zincir, diplokok veya kalite şeklinde diziliş gösterebilirler.
Borrelia cinsi
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Kayacan, Zeynep Çiğdem; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Borrelia cinsi içinde toplanan bakteriler genetik yakınlıklarına göre Tekrarlayan Ateş (Relapsing Fever, Febris Recurrens, Raci Humma, Dönek Ateş) ve Lyme Borelyoz gruplarına ayrılır. Her iki gruptaki borelya türleri kanla beslenen artropod vektörler ile bulaşır, hayvanlarda benim; çoğunlukla zoonoz etkenidir. İnsan ender olarak son konakları olabilir.
Leptospira cinsi
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Kayacan, Zeynep Çiğdem; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Leptospiralar, Leptonema ve Turneria cinslerinin de içinde olduğu Leprospiraceae ailesinden, bir ya da her Iki ucu kana şeklinde ve kendisi sıkı sarmallardan oluşan, iki adet periplazmik fiagella ile hareketli, çok ince yapıda (0,1 μm X 6-20 μm), zorunlu aerop, 28.30°C'de ve pH 7.2-7.6 arasında optimum üreyen bakterilerdir. Antiseptiklere ve asitlere dayanıksız, hafif alkali ortamlarda uzun süre canlılıklarını koruyabilen, B2 ve B12, vitaminiyle birlikte uzun zinciri' yağ asitleri ve amonyum tuzlan içeren basit besiyerlerinde üreyebilen katalaz ve oksidaz pozitif, spiral şekilli, Gram negatif hücre yapısında bakterilerdir. Hareketleri tipik olarak hızlı ileri-geri (translasyonel) ve uzun ah etrafında hızlı dönme şeklindedir (rotasyonel).
Vibrio cinsi
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023) Kayacan, Zeynep Çiğdem; Ağaçfidan, Ali
Vibrionaceae ailesi içinde insan patojeni olanlar Vibrio, Photobacterium ve Grimontia cinsleridir; bununla birlikte Vibrionaceae ailesi Vibrio cinsi, Vibrio cinsi için de Vibrio cholerae temsilci sayılır.
Nutritional analysis of vegan recipes: From social media to plate
(Wiley, 2024) Yoldaş, Tuba; Kaya, Gözde Sultan; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Işıklar, Handan; Günalan, Elif
The study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of vegan recipes shared on the Instagram social media platform and to compare these ingredients with their non-vegan/omnivorous versions. Turkish and English vegan recipes of meatballs (n = 53), burgers (n = 12), pizza (n = 15), pasta (n = 38), cake (n = 58), and cookies (n = 52) were obtained from Instagram. They all met the criteria of being shared as #vegan labeled, presented detailed information about ingredients, and only included plant-based ingredients. Afterward, non-vegan/omnivorous recipes (n = 228) were determined as equivalent to the vegan recipes in each food group, and a total of 456 recipes were evaluated. The amounts of macro- and micronutrients per 100-gram serving were obtained by the Nutritional Data System (BeBiS). According to the outcomes, the most significant differences in nutritional composition were found between vegan and non-vegan meatball recipes. The levels of cholesterol and B12 were significantly lower in English vegan recipes of meatballs, pasta, cake, and cookies compared to their non-vegan versions (p < .05). Consuming different vegan foods throughout the day could provide complementary nutrient intake and sustainable optimal health. Nevertheless, recipe-based updates could be an innovative approach in future vegan studies. In addition, analysis of vegan recipes could be considered to modulate vegan supplementation programs.
Human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) targeted cyclic peptides inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells
(Walter De Gruyter, 2024) Şentürk, Hilal; Dedeakayoğulları, Huri; Uğur Marion, İlke; Özçubukçu, Salih; Kesici, Mehmet Seçkin; Ünsal Beyge, Şeyma; Acar, Muradiye; Erkısa Genel, Merve; Akbaş, Fahri; Ulukaya, Engin
Objectives: Human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is considered an important target, especially in the treatment of breast cancer, as it has a vital role in cancer development. ERα-targeted therapies generally target the ligand binding domain (LBD) of ERα. However, over time, cells develop resistance to this mechanism alternative approaches to inhibit ERα activity target ERα–DNA or ERα–cofactor in teractions. Inhibitors of ERα–cofactor interactions are designed by targeting the hydrophobic hollow region of the receptor box LXXLL motif. Methods: In this context, helix-stabilized cyclic peptides (SPs) designed with in silico approaches were obtained by solid phase peptide synthesis. The effects of SPs on MCF-7 cells were examined with MTT and ATP, and qPCR and flow cytometry were used for further analysis. Results: Our results demonstrated that the SPs were effec tive only in MCF-7 cells expressing ERα. In addition, cyclic peptide combinations (SPCs) showed anti-proliferative and toxic effects on MCF-7 cells. The impact of SPCs with the highest inhibitory effect in MCF-7 cells on ERα-related genes and markers of apoptosis was revealed. Moreover, the flow cytometry analysis result used to examine apoptotic cells proved the apoptosis of SPCs in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that our novel SPs, which inhibit coactivator interactions of ERα, induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Thus, considering this strong effect of SPs in the inhibition of receptors, it is pointed out that they can be further developed as an alternative to current clinical treatments or as an auxiliary approach in the generating of new targeted peptide-based therapies.
Liver stiffness and steatosis measurements with iLivTouch and FibroScan: A comparative study
(Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2024) Özercan, Mübin; Melekoğlu Ellik, Zeynep; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Gümüşsoy, Mesut; Duman, Serkan; Örmeci, Necati
Background/Aims: The presence of liver fibrosis is the most important indicator of progression to cirrhosis. Noninvasive measurement of liver stiffness is crucial for detecting fibrosis. Vibration-controlled transient elastography is one of the most useful methods for this pur%02pose. We aimed to compare the liver stiffness and steatosis measurements with iLivTouch© and the FibroScan© elastography devices Materials and Methods: Two hundred thirty-seven consecutive adult patients with chronic hepatitis were included in the study. The liver stiffness and steatosis were measured with iLivTouch and FibroScan on the same day. Thirty-one patients had liver biopsies on the same day with elastography procedures. The diagnostic performances of iLivTouch and FibroScan were compared to aspartate aminotrans%02ferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS). Results: The liver stiffness measurements obtained using iLivTouch and FibroScan had median value of 10.3 (ranging from 2.9 to 46.3) and 7.2 (ranging from 2.5 to 75), respectively. The mean steatosis measurements using ultrasound attenuation parameter with iLiv%02Touch were 245.51 ± 45.79, while the mean controlled attenuation parameter measurements using FibroScan were 259.37 ± 75.0. In subgroup analysis, the AUC of iLivTouch on detecting signiicant fibrosis [0.83, (P = .002)] was minimally higher than other noninvasive methods [0.82 for NFS (P = .003), 0.80 for FibroScan (P = .006), 0.68 for FIB-4 (P = .089), and 0.53 for APRI (P = .76)]. Conclusion: The stiffness and steatosis measurements with iLivTouch and FibroScan were not similar. The accuracy of iLivTouch in detecting significant and advanced fibrosis was minimally higher. Large clinical trials are necessary to support these findings.
Morphometric evaluation of the left atrioventricular valve complex and its clinical relations
(Via Medica, 2024) Çandır, Buse Naz; Ergin, Çağla; Yılar, Kader; Coşkun, Osman; Kara, Erdoğan; Kale, Ayşin; Bozbuğa, Nilgün; Öztürk, Adnan; Gayretli, Özcan
Background: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate morphometrically and morphologically the left fibrous ring, mitral leaflets, tendinous cords, and papillary muscles, which are the components of the left atrioventricular valve complex (LAVC), and to reveal their clinical relationships. Materials and methods: A total of 120 human hearts were examined at the Forensic Medicine Institute. Cases aged 30 years and older, less than 24 hours after their death, were included in the study. Heart length, width, height/width ratio, anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of the annulus, annular area, length and width of leaflets, number and attachment sites of tendinous cords, number, shape, length, the width of papillary muscles, and distances to various points were recorded to determine their spatial configurations. As well as the measurement data of LAVC components in cases with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relationships of these data with the demographic characteristics of the cases are also explained. Results: In the diagnostic performance test (ROC analysis), it was determined that body mass index (> 26.7), heart weight (> 414 g), heart height/width ratio (≤ 1.24), mitral valve width (> 99.96 mm), left ventricular wall thickness (> 15.08 mm), annular area (> 619.37 mm²) and mediolateral diameter of the annulus (> 30.71 mm) are important diagnostic criteria in determining CVD if they are outside the specified reference values. Conclusions: This study provides anatomical information about LAVC, as well as recommendations for diagnosis and surgical treatment planning. We therefore believe that our findings will be useful to clinicians.
Tıp etiği prensipleri yapay zekâ etiği için yol gösterebilir mi?
(İSAR Yayınları, 2022) Bardakçı, Tayyibe; Karaman, Muhammet İhsan; Bardakçı, Tayyibe; Karaman, Muhammet İhsan
Yapay zekâ, 1950’lerden itibaren gelişen bir disiplin olmasına rağmen özellikle son yıllarda daha çok gündemimizde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bugün akıllı asistanlar, yüz tanıma sistemleri, çeviri programları, bilgisayar oyunları, robotik sistemler gibi teknolojilerle yapay zekâ, günlük hayatlarımıza dâhil olmuş durumdadır. Bu teknolojiler yaşamlarımızı, yaşamı algılayış biçimlerimizi ve dolayısıyla bizleri radikal bir şekilde dönüştürmektedir. Bu baş döndürücü dönüşüm ise dikkatli bir incelemeyi gerektirmektedir.
A pioneer Turkish urologist-medical historian (Saim Erkun 1901–1949) and his one-century-old review about prostate
(SAGE Publications, 2024) Verit, Ayhan; Karaman, Muhammet İhsan
Saim Erkun (1901–1949) was born in Manisa at Aegean region of Anatolia as an Ottoman citizen. While his early life was spent in late Ottoman times at military actions including military prison camp in British colony; India, his active professional productive period was in early Turkish republic period (Est. 1923, centenary). He had a good education period for medicine with the help of his good level of all main World scientific languages such as French, German, and English. Besides his main profession, he was also interested in Ottoman urological medicine around the conquer of Istanbul and allocated them a space in his books in 1930s. He was one of the earliest urology resident (1929–1933, Istanbul) of modern medicine in Turkey. He performed many urological procedures and published the outcomes following modern scientific algorithms, furthermore, there have been urological books including “history” partly referring to antique Ottoman literature among his publications. In this manuscript we focused on the magic word of Urology forever; “Prostate,” among his essays. Turkish medicine, particularly urology, renewed itself by some intelligent hard working young clinicians such as Saim Erkun, immediately after the short struggling by means of establishment process of modern Turkiye after World War I by the collapsing of old Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, we think that the stunning special word of urology, “prostate,” should especially be mentioned to emphasize the importance of this beginning.

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