Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/59

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Anatomic safety profile of a novel mini external fixator for proximal crescentic osteotomy in hallux valgus correction: A cadaveric study
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Coşkun, Osman; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Gürses, İlke Ali; Ok, Fatma; Gayretli, Özcan; Erdil, Mehmet
Purpose The proximal crescentic osteotomy is an effective procedure for hallux valgus correction, but stable fixation remains challenging. Our previous biomechanical study suggested that the MEF may offer comparable or greater stability than a specific cannulated screw fixation construct in a cadaveric model. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical safety of the MEF by investigating its relationship with critical neurovascular structures and tendons. Methods An anatomical dissection study was performed on ten foot cadaveric specimens. The MEF was applied using five mini-Schanz pins inserted in predefined positions. Following fixation, a layer-by-layer dissection was conducted to expose the dorsalis pedis artery, superficial cutanous branches of the foot, the superficial venous arch, and the extensor hallucis lon gus and brevis tendons. The distance from each pin to these structures and any iatrogenic injuries were recorded. Results The superficial venous arch was injured at low rates by the medial distal pin (20%), the medial proximal pin (10%), and the lateral distal pin (20%). Tendon injury was more frequent, with the extensor hallucis longus tendon being injured by 20–30% of pins, and the extensor hallucis brevis tendon by the lateral intermediate and distal pins (20% each). Conclusion The application of the MEF for first metatarsal fixation appears anatomically safe with respect to major arteries and nerves. The consistent avoidance of the dorsalis pedis artery and key sensory nerves is a significant advantage over some established techniques. However, surgeons should be aware of the potential risk to the superficial venous arch and extensor tendons during pin placement. These findings support further investigation of the MEF for proximal crescentic osteotomy f ixation.
Anatomical study of the superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries: Morphology, variability, and surgical relevance
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Ok, Fatma; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Karip, Burak; Önal, Vildan; Yıldız, Nilay; Tatar, Burak Ergün; Gayretli, Özcan
Purpose The vascular anatomy of the groin region plays an important role in reconstructive surgery and regional anesthesia, yet data on the precise morphology and topography of the superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries remain limited. Methods 28 lower extremities of fourteen formalin-fixed male cadavers were dissected to examine the superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries. Their origins, branching patterns, diameters, and spatial relationships to the inguinal ligament and femoral triangle were recorded. Morphometric distances were measured with a digital caliper, and correlations between parameters were analyzed statistically. Results The superficial circumflex iliac artery arose exclusively from the femoral artery in all cases and was consistently located within the femoral triangle. Its mean origin diameter was 1.83±0.46 mm. The deep circumflex iliac artery showed greater variability, originating from the external iliac artery in half of the cases and from the femoral artery in the other half. Its mean origin diameter was 2.25±0.40 mm, and it was located outside the femoral triangle in 71.4% of cases. Multiple significant correlations were identified between vessel diameters, bifurcation points, and their spatial relationships with the inguinal ligament. Conclusion The superficial circumflex iliac artery displays consistent anatomy, whereas the deep circumflex iliac artery demonstrates notable variability in origin and topography, though with stable vessel caliber. These findings provide detailed morphometric insights that may support safer flap design and improve surgical and anesthetic planning in the groin region.
Türkiye’de bağışıklama hizmetlerinin durumu
(Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği (HASUDER), 2025) Eskiocak, Muzaffer; Marangoz, Bahar
Türkiye’de Bağışıklama Hizmetlerinin Durumu
İstirahat durumu EEG alfa gücü ile fNIRS oksihemoglobin aktivitesi arasındaki ilişkide bireysel farklılıklar ve bölgesel korelasyonlar
(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2025) Karakulak, Ece Zeynep; Coşkun, Ebru; Hanoğlu, Lütfü
Amaç: Araştırmacılar tarafından yıllardır kişisel farklılıkların altında yatan elektrofizyolojik özellikler araştırılmaktadır. Son dönemde dinlenim durumundaki baskın beyin dalgası olan alfa frekansı üzerinden yapılan kişisel alfa frekansı analizleriyle kişinin görev sırasındaki performansına ilişkin tahminlerde bulunulabileceği (Bazanova, 2012), alfa gücünün en yüksek olduğu frekansın, bilginin işlemlenmesi ve bilgiye erişim hızını yansıttığı düşünülmektedir (Busch, 2024; Nelli 2021). Dolayısıyla, bireyler arasında farklılık gösteren bireysel alfa frekansı, dinlenme halinde ölçülen bireysel bir nörofizyolojik özellik belirteci olarak kabul edilebilir (Drewes, 2022). Serebral hemodinamik yanıtları kaydeden başka bir nörogörüntüleme aracı olan fNIRS ile eş zamanlı EEG kayıtları, kortikal aktiviteye dair veriler sunmaktadır (Keles, 2016). Literatürde bireysel alfa frekansı farklı olan bireylerin dinlenim durumu hemodinamik yanıtları ile elektrofizyolojik aktivite arasında herhangi bir patern görülüp görülmeyeceği daha önce araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, EEG alfa gücü ile fNIRS oksihemoglobin (HbO) sinyali arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bireysel alfa grupları arasındaki hemodinamik farkları incelemektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya sağlıklı ve 18-40 yaş arası 37 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan19 kanallı EEG (BrainVision) ve 36 kanallı fNIRS (NIRScout) ile eş zamanlı şekilde 200 saniyelik istirahat kaydı alınmıştır. Nörogörüntüleme verilerinin analizi sırasıyla ve BrainVision Analyzer (Brain Products GmbH, Germany) ve Homer3 (versiyon 1.80.2) programları ile yapılmıştır. Veriler ön işlemlemeden geçirildikten sonra istatistik analizleri uygulanmıştır. Kişisel alfa frekanslarına göre katılımcılar düşük, orta ve yüksek (DBAF <9.7; OBAF 9.7– 10.7; YBAF >10.7 Hz) olarak 3 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır (Bazanova, 2012). EEG ve fNIRS verileri 9 bölgeye (ROI) ayrılmıştır. EEG ve fNIRS verileri arasında Pearson korelasyon testi ve gruplar arasındaki etkileşimler için tek yönlü ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS v21 programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda, sol oksipital bölgedeki EEG alfa gücü ile hem sol oksipital hem de sol temporal bölgelerdeki HbO gücü arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur (p<.05). Bireysel alfa frekansına göre ayrılan gruplar arasında fNIRS kanalları bazında sağ lateral frontal-temporal (YBAF>DBAF) ve sol santral paryetal alanlarda (DBAF>YBAF), fNIRS ROI bazında ise sol paryetal bölgedeki (DBAF>YBAF) HbO gücü anlamlı şekilde farklı izlenmiştir (p<.05). Sonuç: Mevcut çalışma hem alfa gücü hem de bireysel alfa frekansına dayalı hemodinamik farklılıkları doğrulayarak, EEG-fNIRS multimodal ölçümlerin beyin fonksiyonlarını incelemede güçlü bir yöntem olduğunu desteklemektedir.
Alzheimer hastalığında ilerlemenin manyetik rezonans görüntülerindeki subkortikal hacimlerle makine öğrenmesi kullanılarak kestirilmesi
(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2025) Soylu, Can; Harı, Emre; Demiralp, Tamer
Amaç: Alzheimer hastalığının (AH) erken dönemlerinde başlayan subkortikal yapılardaki ilerleyici dejenerasyonu bilinmektedir. Bu çerçevede, AH’de ilerlemenin ön görülmesi oldukça kritik bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, makine öğrenmesi (MÖ) kullanılarak subkortikal hacimlerin hastalığın ilerleyici seyrini öngörme potansiyellerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Alzheimer Hastalığı Nörogörüntüleme Girişimi (ADNI) veri tabanından elde edilen, klinik tanısı ilerleyici (progresif, n=186) ve ilerleyici olmayan (non-progresif, n=235) olarak iki sınıfa ayrılmış toplam 421 katılımcının T1 ağırlıklı anatomik manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) verileri dahil edilmiştir. Anatomik MRG verisi FreeSurfer 7.2 programıyla işlenerek standart segmentasyon aşamalarında yer alan tüm subkortikal yapılara ait toplam hacimsel değerler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, hippokampal alt alanlar, talamus ve amigdala alt çekirdeklerinin hacimsel değerleri de hesaplanmıştır. Hacimsel değerler, MÖ algoritmalarında kullanılmadan önce intrakraniyal hacimlerle normalize edilmiştir. Normalize edilen tüm hacim değerleri kümesine PyCaret 3.0 kütüphanesi kullanılarak öznitelik seçimi uygulanmış ve subkortikal yapıların önem sıralaması Shapley (SHAP) değerleri ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Subkortikal yapıların toplam hacimlerini içeren veri kümesi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen MÖ sonucunda, bilateral amigdala, sol hippokampus, sol nucleus accumbens ve sağ lateral ventrikül ön plana çıkarak, progresif ve non-progresif grupları birbirinden %79 oranında doğruluk ile ayırt edebilmiştir. Diğer yandan, subkortikal yapıların küçük ölçekli alt alanlarının ve çekirdeklerinin hacim değerleri kullanıldığında ise bilateral amigdala-aksesuar bazal çekirdekler, sol amigdala-lateral çekirdek, amigdala-santral çekirdek, kortiko-amigdaloid geçiş alanı ve sol hippokampus-presubikulum ön plana çıkmış ve grupları birbirinden %81 oranında doğruluk ile ayırabilmiştir. Sonuç: Otomatik MÖ algoritmaları, AH’nin ilerleyici seyrini öngörebilmek için kritik rol oynayan subkortikal yapıları tutarlı bir şekilde belirleme potansiyeline sahiptir. Ayrıca, farklı ölçekteki segmentasyon kombinasyonlarına rağmen, amigdala ve hippokampus içindeki spesifik alt yapıların tutarlı şekilde ön plana çıkması AH patolojisinin takibinde bu nöroanatomik bölgelerin kritik rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Bulgularımız, AH'nin erken tanı ve takibi için otomatik MÖ algoritmalarının klinik destek aracı olarak potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.
Evaluation of seropositivity developed against specific antigens of helicobacter pylori in neurodegenerative diseases
(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2026) Akçin, Rüveyda; Tütüncü, Melih; Karagöz Sakallı, Nazan; Apaydın, Hülya; Bozluolçay, Melda; Can, Günay; Soysal, Aysun; Sirekbasan, Serhat; Dinç, Harika Öykü; Sarıbaş, Suat; Kocazeybek, Bekir
Introduction: It is suggested that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) can reach the brain via the oral-nasal-olfactory route, through Hp-infected monocytes in the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), or through a rapid retrograde neural network leading to neurodegeneration from the gastrointestinal tract (GIS) and may lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible immunopathogenesis relationship between Hp-specific antigens and neurodegenerative diseases by determining the frequency of seropositivity against different specific antigens of Hp in diseases such as AD, PD and MS. Methods: In our cross-sectional, retrospective case-control study, the immunoreactivity frequencies of Hp-specific and non-specific CagA (p120), VacA (p95), p75, FSH (p67), UreB (p66), HSP homolog (p57), flagellin (p54), p50, p41, p33, OMP (p30), UreA (p29), p26, OMP (p19), p17 antigens were determined by Western Blot method in 36 AD, 35 PD, 91 MS cases with Hp-IgG reactivity, and 55 controls without a neurodegenerative/demyelinating by ELISA method. Results: No significant difference was found between the immunoreactivity frequencies of Hp antigens between AD and control groups (p>0.05). In the multivariate logistic analysis performed for PD cases, age ≥ 50 and immunoreactivity frequency of p19 were found to be independent risk factors (OR: 36.752, p<0.05) (OR: 5.570, p<0.05). In MS cases, immunoreactivity frequency of p17 antigen was found to be a risk factor (OR: 2.646, p<0.05). In addition, the mean level of Hp-IgG reactivity was found to be negatively associated with MS development (indicating an inverse correlation) in the control group compared to the MS group (OR: 0.585, p < 0.05). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis in the total study group revealed that the immunoreactivity frequency of the p17 antigen was identified as a risk factor for MS (OR: 2.438, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our data on AD cases are insufficient. In PD cases, the significantly higher frequency of immunoreactivity to the Hp-p19 antigen in individuals aged ≥50 years (OR=5.570) is noteworthy. In the MS group, the significantly high detection of Hp p17 antigen and its presence as a risk factor (OR=2.646), and the significantly high detection of p26 antigen suggest the relationship between these antigens and the MS development process. However, it is a fact that new and many prospective cohort-based case-control studies are needed to reveal this more clearly.
Lumbar spine: Diagnosis and therapy with neural therapy
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Ural Nazlıkul, Fatma Gülçin; Nazlıkul, Hüseyin
The lumbar spine, due to its topographical location and the significant load it bears, is frequently a center for chronic and acute conditions. Typical symptoms include pain and movement restrictions caused by various factors such as degeneration, postural imbalances, structural changes, or functional disorders. Neural therapy offers an effective method for both diagnosis and treatment by specifically targeting interference fields and influencing the body’s autonomic regulation. Notably, neural therapy has shown positive results in the treatment of lumbalgia, sciatica, and degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. It supports tissue regeneration, improves circulation, and reduces pain perception by modulating the autonomic nervous system. These outcomes are achieved through precise injection techniques, such as facet joint injections and spinal nerve injections, allowing for direct and localized treatment. Neural therapy aims to activate the body’s self-healing powers and eliminate interference fields by targeted injections into the autonomic nervous system. By modulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, pain syndromes can be alleviated, and functional disorders corrected. The importance of comprehensive diagnosis, which considers both functional and autonomic factors, is essential to maximize the effectiveness of neural therapy and ensure holistic treatment.
The cervical spine
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Nazlıkul, Hüseyin; Ural Nazlıkul, Fatma Gülçin
The cervical spine (CSS) is the most mobile part of the spine, consisting of seven vertebrae that connect the head and trunk. Neural therapy and manual medicine offer effective approaches to treating CSS dysfunction through targeted injections and mobilization techniques. These therapies can reduce pain, improve mobility, and normalize autonomic functions. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of these combined approaches in treating cervical spine disorders.
The thoracic spine
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Nazlıkul, Hüseyin; Ural Nazlıkul, Fatma Gülçin
The thoracic spine (TSP) is the longest section of the spine, consisting of 12 vertebrae. It connects the cervical and lumbar spines and is responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the trunk. Pathological stimuli can be reflexively relayed via the autonomic nervous system (ANS), leading to dysfunctions. Palpation plays an important role in diagnosing TSP dysfunctions. Injections into the spinous processes, facet joints, and intercostal nerves can be used to treat pain and movement disorders.
Sacroiliac joint or ıliosacral joint
(Springer Nature Link, 2026) Nazlıkul, Hüseyin; Ural Nazlıkul, Fatma Gülçin
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is often regarded as a controversial and enigmatic structure, serving as a source of explanation for various pain conditions and functional limitations that are otherwise difficult to categorize. This article provides a detailed examination of the SIJ’s anatomy, biomechanics, and the role of the pelvic ring. The SIJ is a synovial joint with limited mobility, crucial for weight transfer from the trunk to the hips. The article emphasizes the significance of ligamentous structures surrounding the SIJ and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches combining manual medicine and neural therapy, particularly focusing on the treatment of ligamentous structures. Techniques for the injection of ligaments in the SIJ region are discussed, offering effective conservative treatment options for sacroiliac dysfunction. The review also includes detailed examination procedures and identifies the common sources of pain associated with the SIJ.
Metabolik hastalıklara eşlik eden nöropsikiyatrik komorbidite modelleri
(Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2025) Kaya, Gül Büşra; Algül, Sermin; Deniz, Gülnihal; Keskin, Seda
Nöropsikiyatrik komorbiditeler ve metabolik hastalıklar arasında oldukça yakın bir ilgi vardır. Son yıllarda araştırma alanı olarak ve klinikte yoğun ilgi görmektedir. Bu iki konu ile ilgili olarak çeşitli komorbidite modelleri tasarlanıp, geliştirilmiş ve çalışmalara konu olmuştur (1-4). Bu bölümde metabolik hastalıklarla seyreden nöropsikiyatrik komorbidite modellerinin ana başlıkları ve de tayları yer almaktadır.
Diagnosis of muscle diseases nd the use of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
(Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi, 2025) Coşkun, Ebru; Hanoğlu, Lütfü
Muscle diseases are a class of illnesses that share several pathologies and can be brought on by auto immune, metabolic, inflammatory, toxic, or hereditary factors. Investigating the pathophysiological properties of diseases and developing appropriate diagnostic methods are essential for implementing appropriate therapeutic approaches and evaluating treatment effectiveness. Although anamnesis and clinical examination findings are still the most effective way to diagnose muscle diseases in routine practice, methods such as muscle electrophysiology, laboratory tests, and neuroimaging are important, especially for the differential diagnosis of complex muscle diseases. In recent years, another neuroim aging method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), has begun to assess muscle oxygenation during exercise or rest in healthy and pathological conditions. fNIRS is an optical-based, noninvasive imaging method used to assess oxygenation in many tissues, such as the brain and muscle, since the 1980s. It provides information about the metabolic activity of the tissue through tissue oxygenation. The device sends light in the near-infrared range through the source optode to the tissue to evaluate ox ygenation change. Oxygen-carrying chromophores (hemoglobin and myoglobin, respectively) found in blood and skeletal muscle absorb near-infrared light sent to the tissue. Detector optodes collect the rays reflected back from the tissue, and the concentration change of oxygenated and deoxygenated chromophores in the tissue is determined according to the absorption amount. In recent years, its use in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions has become widespread. It is a promising approach, particularly for diagnosing muscle disorders, comprehending their etiology, and developing effective treatment plans.
Spermatogenez
(BİDGE Yayınları, 2025) İnce, Zeynep Yelda; Ündağ, İlknur; Ündağ, İlknur; Dönmez, Hasan Hüseyin
Spermatogenez, testisteki seminifer tübüller içinde yer alan germ hücrelerinin, spermatogonyal kök hücre düzeyinden olgun spermatozoona kadar ilerleyen, mitotik, mayotik ve postmayotik farklılaşma basamaklarını içeren son derece organize bir süreçtir (Jan ve ark., 2017; Griswold, 2018). Bu süreç boyunca spermatogonyumlar, kendini yenileme ve farklılaşma arasında karmaşık bir denge kurarak gelişimsel kaderlerini belirlerken, primer ve sekonder spermatositler ardışık mayoz bölünmeler aracılığıyla kromozom yükünü haploid düzeye indirger. Bunu takiben, spermatidler spermiogenez olarak tanımlanan terminal maturasyon evresinde yoğun bir morfolojik ve yapısal yeniden düzenlenme geçirerek fonksiyonel spermatozoona dönüşür (Rowley ve ark., 1971; Zickler & Kleckner, 2015). Spermatogenez, yalnızca germ hücre döngüsünün içsel kinetiklerine indirgenemeyecek kadar kompleks bir biyolojik süreç olup, Sertoli hücreleri, Leydig hücreleri, peritübüler miyoid hücreler ve interstisyel mikroçevrenin bütünleşik yapısal ve parakrin katkıları ile şekillenir (Griswold, 2018; Thumfart & Mansuy, 2023). Seminifer epitelde her bir gelişim basamağının belirli bir mekânsal ve zamansal dizilim içerisinde ortaya çıkması, germ hücre maturasyonunun yüksek derecede organize bir epitel siklusuna tabi olduğunu ve bu siklusun seminifer tübüller boyunca koordineli olarak ilerleyen, ardışık gelişimsel kümeler şeklinde düzenlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır (Jan ve ark., 2017). Güncel araştırmalar, spermatogenezin sürdürülebilir başarısının; germ hücrelerine özgü transkriptomik programların dinamik düzenlenmesi, spermatogonyal kök hücre nişinin yapısal ve işlevsel bütünlüğü, Sertoli hücrelerinden salınan büyüme faktörleri ile eksozomal yüklerin koordinasyonu ve bunları şekillendiren hassas endokrin ve parakrin sinyal ağlarının etkileşimine bağımlı olduğunu göstermektedir (Fayomi & Orwig, 2018; Tian ve ark., 2024).
Green light and intermittent lighting modulate testicular gonadotropin inhibitory hormone without central or morphological effects in broiler chickens
(Islamic Azad University, 2025) Aykoç Göçer, Miray; Akın, S. G.; Özel Armutoğlu, Emine; Koç Yıldırım, Ece
Environmental factors, especially light duration and wavelength (colour), affect reproductive physiology in broilers. In birds, light is perceived especially by extraretinal photoreceptors in the brain, including the hy pothalamus, which regulates reproductive function. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), expressed in both the hypothalamus and gonads, suppresses gonadotropin release and modulates reproductive activity. Its expression is influenced by photoperiod and light colour. Rooster fertility is economically important, as one male can inseminate many females. This study investigated how green light and intermittent lighting affect GnIH levels and testicular development in prepubertal broiler males. 288 one-day-old male commer cial broilers (Ross-308) were divided into four groups (n=12) and exposed to: Group I, 18 hours light - 6 hours dark (18L:6D) with white light; Group II, 18L:6D with green light; Group III, 17L:3D:1L:3D with white light; and Group IV, 17L:3D:1L:3D with green light. The study was conducted in four identical ex perimental rooms, each consisting of six pens (replicates). Two male broilers were randomly selected from each pen. A total of 48 chickens, 2 males from each pen (replicate group), were randomly selected for analysis. After 42 days under standard conditions, GnIH levels were measured in the hypothalamus and testes via ELISA. Testicular development was assessed histologically by evaluating seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height. Results showed that intermittent lighting and green light significantly in creased testicular GnIH levels but had no effect on hypothalamic GnIH. The most pronounced increase in testicular GnIH was observed in Group IV, which received both intermittent lighting and green light. No significant differences were observed in testicular morphology. These findings suggest that intermittent lighting and green light may selectively influence gonadal GnIH levels without affecting central GnIH or morphology, offering insight into how lighting strategies may be optimized in poultry production.
Child mortality in Türkiye
(Zenodo, 2026) Eskiocak, Muzaffer
Tüm halk sağlığı çalışanları kendilerine şu soruyu sormalıdır: Ben bu işi neden yapıyorum? Halk Sağlığının amacı sağlıklılığı korumak ve geliştirmek, sağlığa kavuşturmak, ızdırabı ve endişeyi dindirmektir. Biz başarılı olduğumuz yargısına sıklıkla bebek ölüm hızındaki azalma ve beklenen yaşam süresindeki uzama ile varırız! Ülkemizde bebek ölüm hızı bin canlı doğumda 60,82’den 9,09’a düşürülmüştür. Son yıllarda adeta plato çizmektedir. Bildirilen en düşük değer, 2022’deki binde 8,01’dir. En düşük haliyle bile 1990’da Fransa, Birleşik Krallık, Japonya ve Almanya’dan, 2000’nde bu ülkelere ek olarak Yunanistan’dan daha yüksektir. 2023’te ise bu ülkelerin 1,82 – 5,14 katı arasında fazladır. Bir başka ifade ile ülkemizde başarılan önleme düzeylerine göre binde 4,09 – 7,32 arasında fazladan bebek ölümü olmaktadır. Bebek ölümlerinin bir bölümü önlenememektedir. Ne var ki, önlenebilirlik düzeyini, kimi erişilebilen düzeylerine göre değerlendirmek ve sağlık sistemiyle sınırlı olmayan ödevler yüklenmek zamanıdır. Çocuklara 1990’larda verilen yaşatma sözünü hatırlama ve tutma zamanıdır.
Comparative gastric microbiota profiles in non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer patients
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Polat Sarı, Silva; Soylu, Aliye; Peker, Kıvanç Derya; Adaş, Gökhan; Akgül, Özer; Sapmaz, Burcu; Öner, Yaşar Ali; Yüksel Mayda, Pelin; Çalışkan, Reyhan
Background Recent evidence suggests that the human stomach hosts a diverse microbiota beyond Helicobacter pylori, and that shifts in microbial composition may influence gastric health. In particular, oral-origin bacteria may dominate the gastric niche in the absence of H. pylori, yet their specific roles in different gastroduodenal disorders remain unclear. This study aimed to profile and compare the gastric microbiota composition in Turkish patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD), in order to better understand microbial profiles potentially associated with gastroduodenal disease. Methods Ninety-eight patients underwent endoscopic evaluation and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of ulcers. Group 1 (n=52) included individuals with NUD, while Group 2 (n=46) comprised patients with PUD. Gastric biopsy samples from both groups were analyzed for the relative abundance of H. pylori using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and next-generation sequencing was employed for a comprehensive analysis of the gastric microbiota. Results In total, H. pylori DNA was detected in 71.4% (70/98) of the samples, with a significantly higher prevalence in PUD patients (82.6%) compared to NUD patients (61.5%) (p=0.02). Distinct microbial profiles were observed based on H. pylori status. In NUD patients, Alloprevotella showed significantly higher relative abundance in H. pylori negative samples (p<0.05). Among PUD patients, the absence of H. pylori was associated with increased levels of Porphyromonas and Neisseria compared to NUD patients without H. pylori (p<0.05). These genera, typically associated with the oral cavity, appeared to expand opportunistically when H. pylori was absent. Conclusions The absence of H. pylori in gastric disorders was linked to a notable shift in microbiota composition, with increased representation of oral-origin bacteria such as Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, and Neisseria. These findings, observed in a Turkish patient cohort, may reflect a potentially compensatory or opportunistic microbial shift in H. pylori-negative gastroduodenal disease. As exploratory findings, this study represents the first analysis from Türkiye comparing gastric microbiota profiles in NUD and PUD patients and provides novel regional insight into gastric microbial ecology.
More than one century: Intravenous procaine therapy - A systematic review
(Salient Visionary Publications LLC, 2025) Oettmeier, Ralf; Nazlıkul, Hüseyin; Pinilla-Bonilla, Laura Bibiana; Ural Nazlıkul, Fatma Gülçin; Reuter, Rudolf
Procaine, traditionally introduced as a local anaesthetic, has revealed over more than a century a broad spectrum of systemic, pleiotropic pharmacological properties that far exceed its classical use. More than thirty distinct biological mechanisms have now been identified, including anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, sympatholytic, membrane-stabilising, neuromodulatory, geroprotective, and epigenetically active effects. These actions provide the scientific foundation for its expanding clinical relevance in pain medicine, neuro-regulation, cardiovascular modulation, immune-related and degenerative disorders, and complementary oncology. Within Neural Therapy, Procaine occupies a central and irreplaceable role: its segmental, interference-field–oriented and autonomic-regulatory actions uniquely position it as the primary agent capable of restoring disturbed vegetative patterns, resolving chronic dysfunctions, and re-establishing physiological self-regulation. Beyond its local anaesthetic function, intravenous Procaine—especially in combination with bicarbonate—demonstrates profound regulatory effects on microcirculation, autonomic balance, inflammatory cascades, and mitochondrial and cellular resilience. The so-called “Procaine reset” reflects its capacity to transiently interrupt maladaptive neural patterns, modulate limbic activation, influence neurotransmitter systems, and restore homeostatic regulatory loops. The addition of bicarbonate prolongs Procaine’s plasma availability, enhances its intracellular penetration, and amplifies its eutrophic and anti-inflammatory properties. Although Procaine remains the primary therapeutic molecule in Neural Therapy, Lidocaine has also been utilised in selected clinical contexts. Lidocaine shares certain membrane-stabilising and anti-inflammatory features; however, its pharmacodynamics, autonomic influence, and regulatory depth are comparatively limited. Thus, Lidocaine may complement specific applications but cannot replace the superior vegetative-regulatory potential documented for Procaine. Procaine-Base infusion, when properly adapted to the patient's acid–base balance, represents a cornerstone therapy in regenerative medicine, improving pain thresholds, vascular perfusion, lymphatic drainage, and emotional equilibrium. Its safety profile—documented in hundreds of thousands of applications—is exceptionally favourable, with adverse effects being rare, transient, and mild. Given rising global burdens of chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncologic disorders, Procaine emerges as a valuable multi-target regulatory agent capable of reducing symptom burden, complementing multimodal therapeutic strategies, and potentially lowering long-term health-care costs. Future high quality, large-scale studies are warranted to validate its systemic mechanisms, clarify dose–response relationships, and further integrate Procaine-based therapies into modern evidence-based frameworks.
Does platelet-rich fibrin improve the clinical outcomes of intentional replantation in the treatment of periodontally hopeless teeth?
(İstanbul University Press, 2025) Parlak, Hanife Merva; Parmaksız, Ayhan; Uyanık, Mehmet Özgür; Duruel, Onurcem; Keçeli, Hüseyin Gencay
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on clinical parameters in intentional replantation (IR) treatment. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from 32 mandibular anterior teeth with a 15-month follow up, treated with either IR (n=17) or IR+PRF (n=15). Periodontal parameters included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and keratinized tissue height (KTH), all of which were assessed retrospectively. Results PD reduction at mesial and midlingual sites was greater in the IR+PRF group at the 15-month follow-up (p=0.043 and p=0.017, respectively), whereas CAL gain in the IR+PRF group was significantly higher at 3, 6, and 15 months (p<0.05). GI scores were similar in both groups, while PI scores were higher in the IR group at 6 and 15 months (p<0.05). Changes in KTH were similar in both groups at all follow-up periods. Conclusion IR can be considered for the treatment of periodontally hopeless mandibular anterior teeth, and combining IR with PRF may improve clinical outcomes. However, its clinical use should be recommended cautiously due to the lack of histological data regarding the effects of PRF on IR healing.
The role of exosomal microRNAs in cancer metastasis: An in-depth guide
(Türk Radyasyon Onkolojisi Derneği, 2025) Tahan, Rana; Yazıcı, Hülya
Exosomes and their contents play a vital role in forming a unique communication system that carries and transmits signal molecules, which alter the physiological state of cells and are linked to the on set and progression of numerous diseases including cancers. Focusing on exosomal cargo, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression of target genes, are suggested to be transferred via exosomes in a selective manner that facilitates cancer progres sion and dissemination. In this context and through ongoing cancer research, researchers have currently been focusing on exosomal microRNA as a specific communication message delivered from cancer cells to the other cells that plays a crucial role in the immune response, tumor migration, tumor cell invasion, and development of metastasis In this review, we aim to evaluate the expected role of exosome-derived microRNAs in the development of cancer metastasis and their possible role of molecular markers in metastasis sites by the current literature on cancer research.
Hereditary breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer syndrome: Multigene testing, multiomics, and risk management
(Türk Radyasyon Onkolojisi Derneği, 2025) Dinç, Ahmet; Yazıcı, Hilal; Yazıcı, Hülya
Hereditary breast, ovarian, pancreas and prostate cancer (HBOC/HBOPC) syndromes remain a major global health concern, with BRCA1, BRCA2 and other high- or moderate-risk homologous recombi nation repair (HRR) gene variants driving a significant share of familial cancer risk. Beyond breast and ovarian sites, these mutations increase susceptibility to prostate, pancreatic, and other solid tumors, high lighting the syndromic nature of HBOPC. Advances in multigene panel testing (MPT), AI-supported variant classification, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) now enable more precise risk estimation, while functional reclassification and population-specific founder mutation mapping reduce uncertainty in un derrepresented groups. Emerging epigenetic and non-coding RNA biomarkers further strengthen early detection and treatment stratification. However, large-scale validation is still needed to translate these tools into equitable care. Risk-reducing surgeries, tailored surveillance, and targeted therapies—includ ing PARP inhibitors, immunotherapy, and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-based regi mens—have transformed management but require equitable access and culturally sensitive counseling to address psychosocial barriers and family communication challenges. Real-world data (RWD) and cross border variant databases are essential to bridge gaps between guidelines and practice, especially where founder effects and mosaicism complicate standard criteria. This review integrates current evidence on the genetic and molecular foundations, organ-specific management, evolving therapies, and ethical di mensions of HBOPC care. By combining multidisciplinary insights with AI, functional analyses, and real-world implementation strategies, this review highlights how next-generation precision oncology can deliver equitable, high-quality, and locally adapted prevention and treatment for families worldwide.

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