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Neurodegenerative effects of boron and other elements on zebrafish and zebrafish embryos
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Özel Korlu, Armağan Begüm; Yarat, Ayşen; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru
Zebrafish are a valuable model for studying neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) because of their rapid development, high reproductivity, and genetic similarity to humans. Their transparency during their early developmental stages and well-characterized nervous system renders them highly valuable for observing neurodevelopmental processes and identifying substances that can be harmful or protective. Various elements have been studied in zebrafish models to gain a clearer understanding of their roles in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. These elements can influence cellular pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function, which are crucial in developing NDs. This review examines how different elements, such as boron, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, manganese, copper, lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, titanium, and tin, affect neural tissues in zebrafish. By synthesizing data from studies on neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of different elements, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of their interaction with neuronal systems. Research in this area continues to uncover these elements’ specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications in protecting neural tissues. A better understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of new treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
A randomised clinical trial to evaluate a digital therapeutic (TH-001) for improving glycaemic control in adults with prediabetes
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Çakmak, Ramazan; Tosun, İlker; Avcu, Hasan; Birer, Gürkan Caner; Akgül, Özer; Saini, Kamal S.; Carnell, Jonathan; Kutlu, Orkide
Background and Aims: Prediabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels below diabetes diagnostic thresh olds, presents a significant global health challenge due to high prevalence and associated risks for developing type 2 dia betes. Traditional diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) often face challenges in scalability and accessibility, particularly in underserved communities. Digital therapeutics (DTx), like TH-001, offer potential scalable solutions requiring clinical val idation. This randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TH-001, a digital therapeutic application, reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among adults with prediabetes over a 90-day intervention period. Methods: 68 eligible adults were randomly assigned to either standard care alone or standard care plus the TH-001 intervention. Primary outcomes measured were glycaemic parameters including HbA1c, fasting glucose, 2-h post-load glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin levels, while secondary outcomes included anthropometric mea sures. User engagement metrics were also assessed. Results: The intervention significantly reduced HbA1c levels (mean difference −0.22%, p = .023) and body weight (−2.53 kg, p < .001) compared to the control group. Although fasting glucose and insulin levels showed positive trends, differences were not statistically significant. User engagement was high, correlating strongly with HbA1c reduction (r = .95, p < .001), demonstrating the critical role of sustained interaction with TH-001. Conclusions: TH-001 demonstrates significant effectiveness in HbA1c reduction and body weight, with strong user engagement suggesting it may effectively overcome traditional barriers of DPPs. Long-term studies are needed to confirm sustained benefits.
Sex specific knee joint soft tissue mineralization with fibrillin-1 mutation in male tight skin mice
(Forum Multimedia Publishing, 2025) Keenan, Craig; Wang, Xia; Dikmen, Tayfun; Wen, Y.; Ramos-Mucci, Lorenzo; Shorter, Emily; Abraham, David; Bou-Gharios, George; Poulet, Blandine
Articular soft tissue mineralization and ossification are clear pathological signs of osteoarthritis (OA) joints. However their molecular and cellular aetiologies remain largely unknown. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family members are known contributors to both pathological ossification and osteoarthritis development. In this study, we used a fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) mutant mouse, the tight skin (TSK) mouse, to define the detrimental effects of abnormal Fbn1 in TSK mice and known high TGF-β activity in joint pathology such as articular soft tissue mineralization and ossification. Methods: Knee joints of male and female TSK and wild-type (WT) littermates were analysed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and histology for articular soft tissue pathologies, as well as OA severity. Both aged (10, 26, 35 and 52 weeks) and following in vivo non-invasive repetitive joint overloading were used. Results: We find that male TSK mice develop spontaneous soft tissue ossification from 26 weeks of age, followed by increased osteoarthritis at 1 year-old. In addition, knee joint overloading induced ligament and meniscal mineralisation and ossification in both WT and TSK male mice, but were significantly more severe in TSK knees, including ossification of the patella ligament and synovial lining. In contrast, female TSK knees did not develop more severe soft tissue mineralisation compared to littermate WT mice in neither aged nor overloaded knees. Conclusions: We conclude that Fbn1 mutation, and possibly overactive TGF-β activity in TSK mice, induce articular soft tissue ossification and osteoarthritis in a sex-specific manner. Further studies are needed to confirm the specific signalling involved and the relative protection from female mice from such pathologies.
Anatomical investigation of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the distribution pattern of oculomotor nerve
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Gayretli, Özcan; Özbilen, Kemal Turgay; Önal, Vildan; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the morphological features of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (LPS) and the variations in the distribution of the oculomotor nerve in the muscle. Methods 100 bilateral orbits from 50 cadavers were included in our study. In our study, the medial, lateral, and middle length, width, and thickness of the LPS were measured from 3 different points and recorded. In addition, the number of branches of the oculomotor nerve entering the LPS muscle was calculated. Results The medial, lateral, and middle length of LPS were 34.85±5.30 mm, 34.62±5.67 mm, 35.77±5.31 mm on the right side and 33.66±4.74 mm, 33.81±4.83 mm, 34.54±5.14 mm on the left side, respectively. The width of the muscle was seen to expand from proximally to distally. It was noted that the middle 1/3 thickness of the LPS was the thickest part of the muscle compared to the other parts. A total of 239 oculomotor branches entered the LPS. The middle 1/3 of the LPS was reached by 151 oculomotor nerve branches. It was noted that the largest number of oculomotor nerves entered the middle 1/3 part of LPS. Conclusion The morphometric and morphological findings of LPS and branches of the oculomotor nerve may be useful in surgical planning for the LPS and levator aponeurosis and in preventing complications during surgical interventions.
Transgenerational effect of nicotine consumption on the TCF7l2 signalling pathway and glucose metabolism
(Wiley, 2025) Citci, İbrahim Halil; Gökmen, Ramazan Can; Çekin, Ayşe; Yeşil, Ege Sevinç; Koylu, Ersin Oğuz; Kanıt, Lutfiye; Gözen, Oğuz; Kosova, Buket
Transgenerational Effect of Nicotine Consumption on the TCF7L2 Signalling Pathway and Glucose Metabolism
Topographically structured terminologia anatomica and its potential effects on accurate and consistent usage
(Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 2025) Sağlam, Latif; Çoşkun, Osman; Öztürk, Adnan
Terminologia Anatomica, the successor to Nomina Anatomica, has been the standard in anatomical terminology for more than a hundred years. This study aimed to present an example of the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica structured with a topographic approach and highlighted the importance of presenting Latin anatomical terminology within both regional and systematic anatomy hierarchies. Two researchers first determined which chapters the arm region is in, using the open-access online form of the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica as a guide. Then, they selected the clear terms related to the arm region from these chapters and listed them under the arm title. By comparing the listed terms with each other, it was discussed which terms should be included under the arm heading. There were 7 following chapters related to the arm in Terminologia Anatomica: Anatomia generalis (General anatomy), Ossa (Bones), Juncturae (Joints), Musculi (Muscles), Systema cardiovasculare (Cardiovascular system), Systema lymphoideum (Lymphoid system), and Systema nervosum (Nervous system). Furthermore, a total of 121 terms belonging to these sections were determined. Considering the current importance of the topographic approach both in human anatomy and in the clinic, we think that a topographically based Terminologia Anatomica suitable for the flow of these sciences can contribute to guiding the correct use of terminology and improving its accuracy.
Is neurodegeneration accelerated? Investigating covıd-19’s impact on dementia via functional connectivity
(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2025) Müdüroğlu Kırmızıbekmez, Aynur; Önder, Alparslan; Özdemir, Mustafa Yasir; Eryiğit, Önder Yüksel; Yurdakoş, Ertan
Introduction: COVID-19 has been associated with various neurological complications, including cognitive impairments such as memory deficits, attention difficulties, and executive dysfunction. These symptoms raise concerns about potential long-term effects, particularly in individuals with preexisting neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation may contribute to cognitive decline in COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of COVID-19 on functional brain connectivity, particularly in dementia patients, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the differences in functional connectivity across different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) in dementia patients with and without a history of COVID-19 (D-COVID and D-nCOVID) compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The study explores whether COVID-19 accelerates neurodegenerative processes by disrupting functional brain networks. Methods: Functional connectivity was assessed using electroencephalography (EEG)-based network analysis in three groups: D-COVID, D-nCOVID, and HC. Connectivity metrics were compared across frequency bands, with a focus on local efficiency (LE) and global network alterations. The Kruskal-Wallis test assessed statistical significance, while the Dunn test was used for post-hoc analysis. Results: Findings indicate a significant reduction in functional connectivity across multiple brain regions in dementia patients, with the D-COVID group exhibiting more pronounced declines. The observed decrease in connectivity suggests that COVID-19 may accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, the HC group demonstrated stronger connectivity and higher LE metrics, highlighting the widespread impact of dementia on brain networks. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that COVID-19 contributes to cognitive decline by exacerbating neurodegenerative mechanisms. The disruption of functional brain connectivity observed in D-COVID patients aligns with previous studies suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may indirectly promote neuronal degeneration. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the long-term cognitive consequences of COVID-19 and potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate these effects.
Investigating impostor syndrome among postgraduate anatomy students
(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Ok, Fatma; Karip, Burak; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Temizsoy Korkmaz, Fulya; Yiğit, Mehmet
Background: Impostor syndrome (IS) is marked by persistent self-doubt and the fear of being perceived as a fraud, even in the presence of clear accomplishments, and it notably affects high-achieving individuals. This study examined IS prevalence and associated factors among postgraduate anatomy students in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: Using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, 79 participants were surveyed to assess IS levels alongside demographic and psychiatric variables. Results: The results revealed that 39.2% of participants exhibited frequent impostor feelings (FIF) or intense impostor experiences (IIE). Notably, individuals with psychiatric conditions had significantly higher IS levels, with 64.7% classified in the FIF category and 17.6% in IIE, compared to those without psychiatric issues, who predominantly fell into lower IS categories (p<0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between IS and demographic variables, including gender, marital status, or education level. However, individuals with no income were overrepresented in the IIE category, aligning with findings from studies suggesting a link between socioeconomic status and heightened IS levels. Conclusion: This study underscores the prevalence of IS in postgraduate students within a demanding academic discipline and highlights its association with psychiatric conditions. Increasing awareness of IS, particularly in high-stress, perfectionist professions such as academia, is critical. Such efforts can improve recognition, provide targeted interventions, and mitigate IS’s impact on individual well-being and professional performance.
Surgical anatomy of the distal part of the dorsal scapular nerve with a focus on the triple-tendon transfer
(Wiley, 2025) Çelikgün, Beyza; Gayretli, Özcan; Gürses, İlke Ali; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Aysin
Introduction: A review of the literature shows that most studies of the dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) have focused on morphological evaluation of the proximal part of the nerve. Morphometric studies contributing to clinical applications are limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the topographic and morphometric anatomy of the distal part of the DSN. Methods: 13 cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, were examined bilaterally. DSN dissection was performed on the anterior surface of the levator scapulae and rhomboids, and the distance to the medial border of the scapula (MBS) was recorded at different levels. The insertion lengths of the levator scapulae and rhomboids were also measured. Results: Two types of DSN were observed according to the level of termination in the muscle. Contrary to its classical course, the nerve ran laterally to the MBS on the four sides. The shortest distance between the nerve and the MBS was at the level of the superior border of the rhomboid minor (4.46 ± 9.88 mm). The insertion lengths of the levator scapulae and rhomboids according to gender and the insertion length of the rhomboid minor according to the level of termination in the muscle were significant. Discussion: We have obtained results that may be useful during Eden–Lange tendon transfer. The DSN is not always located medial to the MBS, it may be located lateral to it. To avoid nerve damage, we believe it is important to identify the nerve on the anterior surface of the muscles for a successful surgery.
Anatomical features of the superior vesical artery and its relationship with neighboring arteries
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Toklu, Elif; Gayretli, Özcan; Sağlam, Latif; Şahan, Orhun; Kara, Erdoğan; Coşkun, Osman
Background The superior vesical artery (SVA) is one of the important arteries that supply the urinary bladder. This study aimed to investigate anatomical features of the SVA, its morphometric relationships with neighboring arteries. Methods Totally, 102 (52 male and 50 female) fresh cadavers were dissected. The lengths of the common iliac artery (LCIA) and the internal iliac artery (LIIA) were measured. The distances between the umbilical and the frst superior vesical arteries (UmbA-First SVA), and the umbilical and the last superior vesical arteries (UmbA-Last SVA) were calculated. The distance between the uterine and the frst superior vesical arteries (UA-First SVA) was measured. The measurements were conducted in millimeters using the ImageJ software program. Results The mean LCIA was 60.75±15.03 mm on the right and 61.96±16.17 mm on the left. The mean LIIA was 34.19±14.33 mm on the right and 32.02±14.58 mm on the left. The number of SVA ranged from 1 to 4. The mean UmbA First SVA and UmbA-Last SVA were 14.59±13.80 mm and 31.12±17.47 mm for the right, respectively. Additionally, the mean UmbA-First SVA and UmbA-Last SVA were 13.87±13.06 mm and 35.90±18.26 mm for the left, respectively. A statistically signifcant diference was found for UmbA-First SVA according to gender and for UmbA-Last SVA according to sides. Lastly, the mean UA-First SVA was 18.05±9.26 mm on the right and 23.39±13.47 mm on the left. Conclusion The results of the study may guide clinicians in bladder-focused pelvic surgeries, oncological treatments, endo vascular operations, and interventional radiologic treatments.
Comprehensive classification of variations of the anterior part of the circle of willis in fresh cadavers anterior communicating artery
(Galenos Publishing House, 2025) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Nas, Emine; Kale, Ayşin; Aktaş, Kardelen; Coşkun, Osman; Gayretli, Özcan
Objective: The goal of our study is to evaluate and classify the variations of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) on fresh cadavers from the Türkiye population. Methods: In this study, 182 fresh cadavers were analysed and classified according to the number, shape and course of the AcomA. Results: In our study, typical AcomA was the most common with a rate of 86 (47.25%), while variations of the AcomA were found in the remaining 96 (52.75%) cases. Among these variations, in 11.46% (11/96) of cases, AcomA variations were identified as distal and proximal duplications according to the number of branches they represented; 68.75% (66/96) of cases were identified by their shape (X-shaped, single/double fenestration, hypoplasia, or aplasia); and, in 19 cases, it was characterized by course (median artery or oblique course). The rate of variations was 65% (26/40) in females and 49.29% (70/142) in males. In our study, the X-shaped and single fenestration variations were recorded as the most common. Conclusions: The results of the study are important for cerebrovascular surgery and radiological interventions. It emphasises the importance of recognising and considering variations. The study will contribute to the understanding of cerebrovascular diseases and the development of treatment strategies.
Comprehensive analysis of brewed tea: Boron content, total antioxidant and oxidant capacity, oxidative stress, and ph value
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Cihan, Aslıhan; Özel Korlu, Armağan Begüm; Tüzüner, Burcin Alev; Yarat, Ayşen
Tea is widely recognized as the most consumed beverage in the world after water. In recent years, the connection between tea and health has gained growing attention as a signifcant research topic. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between tea and health by analyzing the boron content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and pH levels of teas commonly consumed in Türkiye. A total of 42 samples were created from various tea brands and diferent tea types that are widely consumed in Türkiye. The determination of boron in pulverized and brewed tea samples was carried out using the carminic acid method. Additionally, boron transfer was determined in brewed teas. Brewed tea samples were also examined in terms of pH, TAC, TOC, and OSI. It was determined that all teas contained an average of 11.73 mg/L boron, the amount of boron in domestic teas was lower than in imported teas. It was determined that boron transfer into brewed tea was approximately 30%. The pH values ranged between 4–5. No diferences were detected in terms of TAC, TOC, and OSI. Our research shows that tea consumption is safe in terms of boron levels and helps meet daily needs. The OSI of teas is less than 1, so their antioxidant efects can be considered quite good. However, it should be noted that excessive tea consumption can lead to the demineralization of tooth enamel due to low pH levels.
CYB5R4 gene methylation as a potential epigenetic marker for ovarian cancer
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Gönç, Ayşegül; Şükrüoğlu Erdoğan, Özge; Kılıç Erciyas, Seda; Çelik Demirbaş, Betül; Dinç, Ahmet; Pasin, Özge; Saip, Pınar; Yazıcı, Hülya; Tunçer, Şeref Buğra
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a significant health problem often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of early symptoms and effective screening methods. This study aimed to explore the role of CYB5R4 gene methylation as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. Methods: DNA isolation was performed in the blood samples of 387 ovarian cancer patients, 50 individuals with benign ovarian diseases, and 100 healthy controls. The CYB5R4 gene methylation status was evaluated using the Methyl-Specific Restriction Enzymes (MSREs) technique and methylation levels were compared between the groups. Results: Ovarian cancer patients exhibited the highest mean methylation percentage (9.45%) and median (6.23%), followed by healthy controls with a mean of 9.14% and a median value of 4.47%. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in methylation levels (P=.041), suggesting that CYB5R4 methylation may be associated with ovarian cancer progression. Conclusion: The CYB5R4 gene methylation may serve as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer, particularly in distinguishing between malignant and benign conditions. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical utility of CYB5R4 methylation in ovarian cancer management.
Anatomy based computer assisted evaluation for aesthetic new navel formation
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Gövsa, Figen; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Biçer, Ahmet; Gökmen, Gökhan
Background This study aimed to determine the typical position and shape of the umbilicus among young individuals to guide the repositioning of the new umbilicus during abdominoplasty. Methods Standardized photographs of 63 young volunteers were analyzed to evaluate parameters such as the vertical and horizontal positions, length, ratio, and shape of the umbilicus. The study also established the mathematical relationships between the umbilicus and nearby anatomical structures like the xiphoid process, pubic symphysis, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crests, and body mass index (BMI) to identify the ideal geometric shapes and positions. In two patients with abdominal skin sagging, abdominoplasty was performed with a new umbilicus designed according to these anatomical measurements. Results The umbilici were categorized by shape: vertical oval with superior hooding (29%), round (27%), vertical lozenge (21%), and protruded (11%). Ratios between anatomical points were measured, such as the ratio of the distance between the xiphoid process and the upper edge of the umbilicus to the distance between the lower edge of the umbilicus and the sym physis pubis, which was 1.64±0.40. Post-operative evaluation emphasized achieving a xiphoid-umbilicus/pubic symphysis ratio of 1.6:1 for the new umbilicus, with an aesthetically ideal ratio considered to be 1:1. A strong correlation was found between BMI and all umbilical ratios. Conclusions The most aesthetically pleasing navel position aligns with the golden ratio between xiphoid and umbilicus compared to the umbilicus and abdominal crease. Weight control is also crucial in achieving optimal belly aesthetics.
Osseous anatomy of the distal radius: A morphometric analysis of external groove and bony ridge
(Springer Nature Link, 2025) Ok, Fatma; Çelikgün, Beyza; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Ertaş, Ahmet; Coşkun, Osman
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence and morphological and morphometric characteristics of the distal radius's external groove (EG) and bony ridge, which play a potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment difficulties of De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Methods: The osseous anatomy of the distal radius was analyzed in detail on a total of 103 dry bone specimens (49 left and 54 right) obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Istanbul University, Turkiye. The frequency and morphology of the EG were analyzed. The EGs were categorized as Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 with two EGs, one EG with depth, and an additional EG without depth, respectively. Finally, flat areas without clear groove boundaries were classified as Type 4. Results: The analyses showed variations in the morphology and dimensions of the EG and bony ridge. A total of 110 EGs were detected in 103 radii examined. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4 EGs were reported in 30 bones (30%), 38 bones (38%), 12 bones (12%) and 23 bones (23%), respectively. The depth of the EG of Type 1 was 0.26 ± 0.23 mm and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm on the lateral and medial sides, respectively. Also, the depth of the Type 2 was calculated as 0.49 ± 0.37 mm. Conclusion: The osseous variations of the distal radius are critical anatomical factors contributing to the pathogenesis of De Quervain's tenosynovitis and difficulties in the treatment process. It is essential to recognize these variations to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize therapeutic interventions.
A comprehensive morphological and morphometric study of the spinoglenoid notch and ligament/ membrane: Possible clinical relevance of suprascapular nerve entrapment
(Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, 2025) Coşkun, Osman; Gürses, İlke Ali; Gayretli, Özcan; Kale, Ayşin; Kına, Adnan; Usta, Ahmet; Şahinoğlu, Kayıhan; Öztürk, Adnan
Objective: This study aimed to determine the anatomical fea tures and clinical significance of the spinoglenoid notch and spinoglenoid ligament-membrane as well as the branches of the suprascapular nerve to the infraspinatus muscle as these struc tures may cause compression of this nerve. Material and Methods: Fifty sides (25 right and 25 left) were studied on 26 fixed cadavers belonging to the Department of Anatomy, İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine. The suprascapular nerve branches to the infraspinatus muscle and spinoglenoid ligament-membrane were examined in cadavers, and the spinoglenoid notch was investigated in 50 dry scapulae. Result: The suprascapular nerve had two branches to the in fraspinatus muscle in 22 cadavers on 37 sides (74%) and three branches to this muscle in 11 cadavers on 13 sides (26%). On 31 sides the spinoglenoid membrane and on 19 sides the spinoglenoid ligament were observed. Related to the spinoglenoid notch, the mean width was 17.17±2.17 mm, and the mean depth was 17.45±2.03 mm in calliper measurements on dry bones, while the mean width was 16.99±1.88 mm, the mean depth was 17.73±2 mm and the mean area was 282.04±55.27 mm² in com puted tomography measurements. Conclusion: The presented data regarding the spinoglenoid notch in which the suprascapular nerve is frequently compressed and the branches of the suprascapular nerve to the infraspinatus muscle may guide the surgical treatment of the related entrap ment syndrome.
The morphological and morphometric examination of the asterion in terms of surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa
(Pera Yayıncılık, 2025) Coşkun, Osman; Yiğit, Mehmet; Çelikgün, Beyza; Ok, Fatma; Ertaş, Ahmet; Gayretli, Özcan
Objective: The asterion is an important cranial anatomical landmark used in surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa, which is one of the most complex and surgically challenging regions of human anatomy due to the density of neurovascular structures. This study aims to examine the morphological and morphometric variations of the asterion to determine its preoperative localisation and help neurosurgeons reduce possible complications by providing an understanding of the detailed anatomy of the asterion in surgical approaches applied in posterior cranial fossa pathologies. Methods: In our study, adult human dry skull specimens (44 intact, 104 hemi skulls) with unknown demographic data were analysed. The asterions were first examined morphologically and categorised into two classifications. These classifications were based on the presence of wormian bone and the distance from the Frankfurt horizontal plane (FHP). Morphometric measurements were based on anatomical landmarks in the human skull. The landmarks used in the measurements were the lambda (L), FHP, the root of the zygomatic arch (RZA), the tip of the mastoid process (TMP), Henle’s spine (HS), external occipital protuberance (EOP), basion (B), opisthion (O) and porion (P). Results: The morphological classification of the asterions was examined. Type 1 and Type 2 were determined as 13.02% and 86.98%, respectively, according to the presence of the wormian bone. In the classification, according to the distance to the FHP, Type 1 was 9.90%, Type 2 was 58.85% and Type 3 was 31.25%. In morphometric measurements, the mean distance of the asterion to L was 85.16 ± 5.64 mm and 84.41 ± 5.43 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the FHP was 13.17 ± 6.81 mm and 14.01 ± 6.96 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the RZA was 56.18 ± 3.58 mm and 56.64 ± 3.69 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the TMP was 49.42 ± 4.16 mm and 48.91 ± 4.03 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to HS was 46.15 ± 3.74 mm and 46.69 ± 3.79 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the EOP was 63.19 ± 4.13 mm and 62.71 ± 4.07 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to B was 73.50 ± 3.73 mm and 72.96 ± 3.51 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to O was 62.46 ± 2.88 mm and 62.23 ± 2.85 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Finally, the mean distance of the asterion to P was 49.51 ± 3.87 mm and 50.32 ± 3.94 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained in our study suggest that the accurate preoperative positioning of the asterion may contribute to reducing complications that may develop in neurosurgeons’ surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa.
Clinical exome sequencing (CES) identifies a novel homozygous variant in NECTIN1 causing CLPED1
(Springer Nature, 2024) Yılmaz Güleç, Elif; Budak, Gülden
Clinical exome sequencing (CES) identifies a novel homozygous variant in NECTIN1 causing CLPED1
Localization of the zygomaticotemporal foramen on the zygomatic bone and its relationship with other foramina
(Harran University, 2024) Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Nas, Emine; Coşkun, Osman; Kale, Ayşin; Gayretli, Özcan
Background: The zygomaticotemporal foramen (ZTF) is located in the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone. The zygomaticotemporal branch, a zygomatic nerve (V2) branch, passes through it and distributes in the fore head and temporal region. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of ZTF and its connections with other foramina in the zygomatic bone. Materials and Methods: A total of 171 unilateral zygomatic bones in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University were included in our study. The number(s) of ZTF and its relationship with other foramina were determined. The distances between the ZTF and the marginal tubercle and frontozygomatic su ture were measured. Results: A total of 328 ZTFs were found in 171 zygomatic bones. In total, 95 of the 328 ZTFs were found to be connected to other foramina through a canal. The vertical distance between the ZTF and the marginal tubercle as well as the frontozygomatic suture were measured as mean 9.26+2.12mm and 21.78+2.48mm, respectively. The transverse distance from the ZTF and the marginal tubercle was measured as 5.46+1.56mm. Conclusions: he ZTF is an important anatomical component with implications for interventions on the zygomatic bone. The incidence and location of the ZTF may differ between individuals and between one side of the same individual. It has provided plastic surgeons and anaesthetists with detailed anatomical findings for the protec tion of the zygomaticotemporal nerves passing through the relevant foramen and thus at risk of injury.
New insights of cerium oxide nanoparticles in head and neck cancer treatment
(Springer Nature, 2025) Tarakçı, Elif; Esmkhani, Sahra; Bayramova, Jamila; Bilgin, Feride Melisa; Kıdık, Kübra; Adıgüzel, Şevin; Tufan, Yiğithan; Yılmaz, Ahsen Morva; Yazıcı, Hülya; Duygulu, Özgür
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a genetically complex cancer type having treatment difficulties due to affecting multiple organs in complex anatomical sites. Radiotherapy resistance, chemotoxicity, post-surgery disability makes HNC treatment more complicated. Therefore, there is need to developed new treatment approaches. Nanoparticle-based therapies especially cerium oxide nanoparticles with its anti-cancer features, high catalytic activity, anti- or pro-oxidant and radio-protective properties give a boon for HNC treatment. In the current study, two dextran-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (Dex-CeNPs) namely SD1 and SD2 were synthesized and characterized by using two types of dextran (D1 and D2) having distinct molecular weights and branching characteristics to understand their potential as a new HNC treatment strategy while evaluating the role of dextran type. The effectivity of the SD1 and SD2 on the HNC cell lines (A253, SCC-25, FaDu) were investigated by analyzing their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation properties. Low IC50 value, high ROS generation and stability profiling of SD2 compared to SD1 indicates the distinct function of dextran type on Dex-CeNPs effectivity on HNC. To better elucidate the effectivity of SD2, flow cytometry analysis and pro-apoptotic (TP53, CASP3, BAX) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) gene expression profiling were investigated in detail. The findings indicate that SD2 exhibits an influence on head and neck cancer cells via the apoptotic pathway. Our research sets the framework for the development of Dex-CeNPs as remarkable nanotherapeutic candidates for treatment of head and neck cancer.

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