A green electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinting for etoposide detection in environmental matrices

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6151-074X
dc.authorid0009-0007-3387-3202
dc.authorid0000-0001-7294-0331
dc.authorid0000-0001-5228-1682
dc.contributor.authorAl Faysal, Abdullah
dc.contributor.authorKaya, Beril Sena
dc.contributor.authorDorreh, Setareh
dc.contributor.authorErdoğan, Taner
dc.contributor.authorGölcü, Ayşegül
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-19T12:48:46Z
dc.date.available2026-04-19T12:48:46Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü, Analitik Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractA semisynthetic form of podophyllotoxin, etoposide (ETO), is frequently used to manage multiple types of cancer, including lung, testicular, bladder, prostate, and gastric malignancies. Having been utilized in clinical settings for over twenty years, it is one of the most frequently prescribed anticancer agents globally. The primary cytotoxic mechanism of ETO involves the inhibition of topoisomerase II. In the present work, an innovative electrochemical detection platform utilizing MIP was successfully established to enable both highly selective and exceptionally sensitive determination of ETO in pharmaceutical injection forms and environmental specimens. An ETO-specific MIP sensor was fabricated through a photopolymerization process and immobilized onto a GCE, where AMPS served as the active monomer, and EGDMA functioned as the cross-linking agent. This study marks the first instance of a MIP-based electrochemical sensor designed explicitly for ETO identification. The AMPS ETO@MIP/GCE sensor was subjected to electrochemical and morphological assessments through FTIR, SEM, CV, and EIS. An indirect measurement approach was employed using a 5.0 mM potassium ferricyanide/ferro cyanide system to ascertain the analytical detection range from 1.0 to 10.0 pM. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity, enabling effective discrimination of ETO from structurally similar compounds while retaining reliable performance in complex matrices such as soil and tap water. Results from validation experiments in pharmaceutical matrices indicated superior recovery, supporting the sensor's practical effectiveness and stability. To further investigate the experimental results and better understand the nature of template–monomer interactions, a series of DFT calculations was performed. Binding energies were evaluated for ETO–AMPS complexes across varying template-to-monomer ratios.
dc.identifier.citationAl Faysal, A., Kaya, B. S., Dorreh, S., Erdoğan, T., & Gölcü, A. (2026). A green electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinting for etoposide detection in environmental matrices. Microchemical Journal, 224, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.117789
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.microc.2026.117789
dc.identifier.endpage11
dc.identifier.issn0026-265X
dc.identifier.issn1095-9149
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105033743770
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.117789
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1429
dc.identifier.volume224
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001730373400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorKaya, Beril Sena
dc.institutionauthorid0009-0007-3387-3202
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofMicrochemical Journal
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectMolecular Imprinting Technique
dc.subjectEtoposide
dc.subjectElectrochemical Sensing
dc.subjectPhotopolymerization
dc.subjectComputational Modeling
dc.titleA green electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinting for etoposide detection in environmental matrices
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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