Green MIP-based electrochemical sensing platform for environmental ivermectin analysis

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dc.authorid0009-0009-3405-3905
dc.authorid0009-0007-3387-3202
dc.authorid0009-0008-2029-7899
dc.authorid0000-0001-6151-074X
dc.authorid0000-0001-5228-1682
dc.contributor.authorAydemir, Zeynep
dc.contributor.authorKaya, Beril Sena
dc.contributor.authorDorreh, Setareh
dc.contributor.authorAl Faysal, Abdullah
dc.contributor.authorErdoğan, Taner
dc.contributor.authorGölcü, Ayşegül
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-05T16:16:32Z
dc.date.available2026-05-05T16:16:32Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü, Analitik Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractIvermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone derived from Streptomyces avermitilis, is widely recognized as a “wonder drug” for its broad-spectrum efficacy against internal and external parasites in human and veterinary medicine. Owing to its potent pharmacological activity, precise quantification of IVM is essential for therapeutic monitoring and dose optimization. In this study, we report the design of a novel electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology, specifically tailored for the selective detection of IVM. The sensor was fabricated via an electropolymerization strategy employing methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and aniline as the comonomer in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.0). To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first electropolymerization-based MIP sensor developed for IVM determination. The resulting MAA-IVM@MIP/GCE sensor was thoroughly characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical detection was achieved through an indirect redox probe approach with 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)6] 3−/4−, providing a wide linear range (1 × 10−12 −1 × 10−11 M) and remarkably low limits of detection (LOD: 2.91 × 10−13 M) and quantification (LOQ: 9.71 × 10−13 M). The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity, clearly distinguishing IVM from structurally related compounds. It maintained strong analytical performance in pharmaceutical formulations, biological matrices, and environmental samples such as tap water and soil, showing minimal matrix interference. These results confirm the platform’s robustness and applicability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to evaluate template−monomer interactions and determine the optimal template:monomer ratio for the MIP-based sensor. The results revealed that the 1:1 complex exhibited the most favorable binding characteristics, consistent with the experimental findings. In addition, the sensor fabrication strategy was designed in accordance with green analytical chemistry principles. The electropolymerization process was performed in aqueous phosphate-buffered saline under mild conditions without the use of excessive cross-linkers or hazardous reagents. The approach minimizes organic solvent consumption, reduces energy requirements, and enables sensor reusability, thereby contributing to a sustainable and environmentally responsible analytical platform. Overall, this cost-effective, scalable, and environmentally conscious electrochemical sensor provides a practical tool for reliable IVM monitoring and has strong potential for clinical diagnostics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmaceutical quality control.
dc.identifier.citationAydemir, Z., Kaya, B. S., Dorreh, S., Al Faysal, A., Erdoğan, T., & Gölcü, A. (2026). Green MIP-based electrochemical sensing platform for environmental ivermectin analysis. ACS Omega, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00641
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsomega.6c00641
dc.identifier.issn2470-1343
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00641
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1469
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorKaya, Beril Sena
dc.institutionauthorid0009-0007-3387-3202
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Society
dc.relation.ispartofACS Omega
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleGreen MIP-based electrochemical sensing platform for environmental ivermectin analysis
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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