Structural and functional impact of lingual frenulum alterations on oral and craniofacial development in children during the mixed dentition stage

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dc.authorid0000-0002-0913-3788
dc.authorid0000-0003-0762-6228
dc.authorid0000-0002-4553-2655
dc.contributor.authorVural, Yasemin
dc.contributor.authorEsentürk, Gülce
dc.contributor.authorÖnder, Ömer Önder
dc.contributor.authorCebeci, Nesrin
dc.contributor.authorÖzen, Buğra
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-23T17:48:48Z
dc.date.available2026-10-23T17:48:48Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Klinik Bilimler Bölümü, Pedodonti Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.departmentEnstitüler, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Pedodonti Programı
dc.departmentFakülteler, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractBackground The clinical relevance of ankyloglossia in children remains controversial, largely due to the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria and the predominant reliance on morphological assessment. Evidence linking the combined anatomical and functional characteristics of the lingual frenulum to objective functional outcomes during mixed dentition remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between lingual frenulum characteristics and oral and craniofacial functional outcomes in children during the mixed dentition period. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 170 children aged 7–12 years were evaluated. Anatomical and functional characteristics of the lingual frenulum were assessed using the Marchesan Lingual Frenulum Protocol. Oro facial functions, including breathing pattern, mentalis muscle activity, and swallowing, were examined using selected components of the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES/OMES-E). Upper airway patency was evaluated using the Mallampati and Brodsky classifications, malocclusion was assessed clinically, and postural alignment was analyzed using the New York Posture Scale. Intergroup comparisons were performed (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of swal lowing dysfunction. Results Maximum mouth opening did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.137). However, reduced tongue range of motion (≤ 50%) was significantly more frequent in children with an altered frenulum (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in respiratory pattern, mentalis muscle activity, Mallampati or Brodsky scores (p > 0.05). Swallowing-related dysfunction, involving lip (p = 0.012) and tongue (p = 0.002) behavioral alterations, as well as malocclusion (p = 0.010), were significantly more prevalent in the altered frenulum group. Regression analyses demonstrated that altered frenulum independently predicted tongue-related swallowing dysfunction (OR = 2.513, p = 0.015), whereas breathing disturbance showed the strongest independent predictor (OR = 5.249, p < 0.001). Conclusion Lingual frenulum morphology was associated with reduced tongue mobility and domain-specific functional impairments, particularly in swallowing. These findings support the integration of functional evalua tion alongside structural assessment in the clinical management of ankyloglossia.
dc.identifier.citationVural, Y., Esentürk, G., Önder, Ö. Ö., Cebeci, N., & Özen, B. (2026). Structural and functional impact of lingual frenulum alterations on oral and craniofacial development in children during the mixed dentition stage. BMC Oral Health, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09818-x
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12903-026-09818-x
dc.identifier.issn1472-6831
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09818-x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1683
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorVural, Yasemin
dc.institutionauthorEsentürk, Gülce
dc.institutionauthorÖnder, Ömer Önder
dc.institutionauthorÖzen, Buğra
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-0913-3788
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0003-0762-6228
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-4553-2655
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature Link
dc.relation.ispartofBMC Oral Health
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleStructural and functional impact of lingual frenulum alterations on oral and craniofacial development in children during the mixed dentition stage
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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