Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a deep eutectic solvent-based extract of Prunus spinosa L. for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

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dc.authorid0000-0003-2351-172X
dc.authorid0000-0002-9989-9823
dc.contributor.authorBozkurt, Rabia Nur
dc.contributor.authorŞahin, Selin
dc.contributor.authorCadar, Oana
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-03T08:59:24Z
dc.date.available2026-04-03T08:59:24Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.description.abstractIn this study, polyphenol-rich extract obtained from Prunus spinosa L. fruit using choline chloride/lactic acid (1/ 1) deep eutectic solvent was used as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent in the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The extraction system using a homogenizer was optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The conditions providing the highest efficiency for total phenolic content (40.885 mg-GAE/ g-FF) and antioxidant activity (86.22%) were determined as 46.179% (v/v) water ratio to DES, 1.478 g sample amount and 65.513 s extraction time. UV–Vis DRS, PL, SEM-EDX, HR-TEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, DLS, and Zeta Potential analyses revealed that the TiO2-NPs had a band gap of 2.8 eV, a spherical morphology, nanosize, and high crystalline purity. Comparative DLS and zeta potential analyses of aqueous extract and DES-based systems showed that the DES-based environment yields smaller and more stable TiO2-NPs. Furthermore, TiO2-NPs showed notable antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 52.4 μg/mL. The TiO2-NPs were utilized as photo catalysts to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Photocatalytic tests showed the highest efficiency, achieving 66.9% degradation of an 80 mg/L 2.4-D solution with 50 mg of TiO2-NPs at pH 5.5 within 120 min. The photocatalyst remained stable after three cycles. A nanomaterial has been sustainably created using an extremely environmentally friendly method for photocatalytic pollutant destruction.
dc.identifier.citationBozkurt, R. N., Şahin, S., & Cadar, O. (2026). Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a deep eutectic solvent-based extract of Prunus spinosa L. for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 188, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116449
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116449
dc.identifier.endpage18
dc.identifier.issn1387-7003
dc.identifier.issn1879-0259
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116449
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1379
dc.identifier.volume188
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001712442100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorBozkurt, Rabia Nur
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0003-2351-172X
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofInorganic Chemistry Communications
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
dc.subjectGreen Synthesis
dc.subjectTitanium Dioxide
dc.subjectNanoparticles
dc.subjectPhotocatalytic Degradation
dc.subjectAntioxidant
dc.titleGreen synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a deep eutectic solvent-based extract of Prunus spinosa L. for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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