The effect of phosphoric acid on the development of neural tube defects in chick embryos

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dc.authorid0000-0002-0826-5965
dc.authorid0000-0002-2045-6721
dc.authorid0000-0003-4671-1249
dc.authorid0009-0002-8712-2440
dc.authorid0000-0003-4352-4720
dc.authorid0000-0001-6092-3614
dc.authorid0000-0002-5263-2793
dc.contributor.authorYücel, Murat
dc.contributor.authorÇetin, Eyüp
dc.contributor.authorCanbaz, Halime Tuba
dc.contributor.authorKarip, Betül Zehra
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Emine
dc.contributor.authorKocaoğlu, Sarper
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Hüseyin
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-14T07:29:11Z
dc.date.available2026-04-14T07:29:11Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Tıp Fakültesi, Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital malformations and arise from disruption of early neurulation. Phosphoric acid is a widely used food additive; however, its potential effects on early neu ral tube development have not previously been evaluated in experimental neurulation models. This proof-of concept study aimed to investigate the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of phosphoric acid on neural tube development in a chick-embryo model of neurulation, at a single tested concentration. Material/Methods: Fertilized pathogen-free chicken eggs (n=30) were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Control embryos (n=15) received no injection, whereas embryos in the experimental group (n=15) were injected beneath the embryon ic disc with 0.25 mM phosphoric acid, at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 9. Embryos were incubated for 72 hours, after which survival was recorded and neural tube development was evaluated macroscopically and histopath ologically. Statistical comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: All control embryos survived (15/15, 100%) and exhibited normal neural tube closure. In the phosphoric acid–treat ed group, survival was significantly reduced (10/15, 66.7%; P=0.0421). Among surviving treated embryos, 80% (8/10) demonstrated NTDs, including cranial and caudal closure abnormalities (P<0.001). Histopathological ex amination confirmed incomplete neural fold closure, irregular notochord morphology, and disrupted somite or ganization in affected embryos. Conclusions: Phosphoric acid exposure at the tested concentration and developmental stage markedly reduced embryo sur vival and induced a high incidence of neural tube closure defects in a chick-embryo model. These findings pro vide the first experimental proof-of-concept evidence that phosphoric acid can directly disrupt early neurula tion in a vertebrate neurulation model. However, vehicle-controlled replication, dose–response analyses, and exposure-bridging studies are required to distinguish teratogenic specificity from general embryotoxicity and to assess potential relevance to human embryogenesis.
dc.identifier.citationYücel, M., Çetin, E., Canbaz, H. T., Karip, B. Z., Demir, E., Kocaoğlu, S., & Demir, H. (2026). The effect of phosphoric acid on the development of neural tube defects in chick embryos. Medical Science Monitor, 32, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.952090
dc.identifier.doi10.12659/MSM.952090
dc.identifier.endpage8
dc.identifier.issn1234-1010
dc.identifier.issn1643-3750
dc.identifier.pmidPMID: 41797225
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105032719457
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.952090
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1401
dc.identifier.volume32
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001711571600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorDemir, Hüseyin
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-5263-2793
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInternational Scientific Information, Inc.
dc.relation.ispartofMedical Science Monitor
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectAnimal Experimentation
dc.subjectChick Embryo
dc.subjectEmbryology
dc.subjectFood Additives
dc.subjectNeural Tube Defects
dc.subjectPhosphoric Acids
dc.subjectTeratogens
dc.titleThe effect of phosphoric acid on the development of neural tube defects in chick embryos
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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