Biocompatibility of printed, milled, and conventionally fabricated indirect resin-based restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study

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dc.authorid0000-0002-5358-0753
dc.authorid0000-0001-9449-8214
dc.authorid0000-0002-1272-5581
dc.authorid0000-0002-7222-7322
dc.contributor.authorAtay, Ayşe
dc.contributor.authorAyvalıoğlu Şamiloğlu, Demet Çağıl
dc.contributor.authorŞişmanoğlu, Soner
dc.contributor.authorYıldırım, Zafer
dc.contributor.authorÜşümez, Aslıhan
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-26T08:05:43Z
dc.date.available2026-06-26T08:05:43Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Klinik Bilimler Bölümü, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractThe increasing use of digitally fabricated resin-based materials for definitive dental restorations has raised concerns regarding their biological performance and biocompatibility. This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and surface characteristics of different indirect resin-based restorative materials used in definitive dental restorations. A total of 144 disc-shaped specimens (diameter 15 mm, height 2 mm) were fabricated using printed, milled, and conventional resins (48 specimens per material), with 12 specimens allocated to each analysis (n=12). Specimens were sterilized using ultraviolet irradiation. Culture medium extracts were obtained on days 1, 3, and 7 and evaluated using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Cell viability was assessed using the XTT assay, apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release using a Mouse IL-6 ELISA kit. Cell viability, apoptosis, and IL-6 levels were analyzed using two-way ANOVA; surface roughness was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed among the manufacturing groups across incubation periods in terms of cell viability, apoptosis rate, and IL-6 release (p<0.05). The milled-resin group showed the highest cell viability on day 7, whereas the conventional resin group showed the lowest (p<0.05). On days 3 and 7, the conventional resin group exhibited the highest rates of apoptosis and IL-6 release (p<0.05). Both printed and milled-resin groups showed no significant impact on fibroblast cell responses, whereas exposure to eluates from the conventional resin group resulted in altered cell viability, IL-6 levels, and apoptosis, suggesting potential cytotoxicity relevant to material selection for definitive prosthodontic restorations.
dc.identifier.citationAtay, A., Ayvalıoğlu Şamiloğlu, D. Ç., Şişmanoğlu, S., Yıldırım, Z., & Üşümez, A. (2026). Biocompatibility of printed, milled, and conventionally fabricated indirect resin-based restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study. Odontology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-026-01432-1
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10266-026-01432-1
dc.identifier.issn1618-1255
dc.identifier.issn1618-1247
dc.identifier.pmidPMID: 42322503
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105042333051
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-026-01432-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1522
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001797878800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorAyvalıoğlu Şamiloğlu, Demet Çağıl
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0001-9449-8214
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature Link
dc.relation.ispartofOdontology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject3D-Printing
dc.subjectCAD/CAM Milling
dc.subjectCell Viability
dc.subjectInterleukin-6
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.titleBiocompatibility of printed, milled, and conventionally fabricated indirect resin-based restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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