The multifaceted effects of rosmarinic acid on breast cancer, regulating autophagy and increasing apoptosis

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dc.authorid0000-0002-3127-742X
dc.authorid0000-0002-3875-2465
dc.authorid0000-0002-7359-6568
dc.authorid0000-0002-9935-9608
dc.authorid0000-0003-2706-9625
dc.authorid0000-0002-7178-3335
dc.authorid0000-0003-4875-5472
dc.authorid0000-0002-1589-9229
dc.contributor.authorErol Kutucu, Deniz
dc.contributor.authorErkısa Genel, Merve
dc.contributor.authorÜvez, Ayça
dc.contributor.authorArmutak, Elif İlkay
dc.contributor.authorYılmazer, Nadim
dc.contributor.authorDemirci, Huri
dc.contributor.authorSoluk Tekkesin, Merva
dc.contributor.authorUlukaya, Engin
dc.contributor.authorGürel Gürevin, Ebru
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-14T08:20:30Z
dc.date.available2026-04-14T08:20:30Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractCancer remains a complex and formidable disease that necessitates the development of diverse therapeutic strategies, including the investigation of natural products as complementary agents. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a phenolic compound, has demonstrated promising anticancer activity across various malignancies. Combining RA with conventional chemotherapeutic agents may represent a novel therapeutic approach. In the present study, the efficacy of these combinations was evaluated in vitro through the assessment of cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation, and in vivo by examining their effects on tumor growth in an Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) model. Among the tested combinations, RA and Paclitaxel (PTX) exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity and synergistic activity compared with individual treatments, whereas other combinations demonstrated limited efficacy. Morphological and moleculer analyses indicated induction of apoptosis, evidenced by increased expression of FAS, FADD, and cleaved caspases detected by Western blotting. Moreover, the RA+PTX (Rosmarinic acid+Paclitaxel) combination was associated with impaired autophagic flux, as reflected by elevated LC3 and p62 levels. Although the combined treatment reduced tumor volume in vivo, its antitumor efficacy was comparable to that of RA monotherapy. Collectively, these findings indicate that while the RA+PTX combination enhanced cytotoxicity activity against triple-negative breast cancer in vitro, its therapeutic advantage in vivo requires further investigation.
dc.identifier.citationErol Kutucu, D., Erkısa Genel, M., Üvez, A., Armutak, E. İ., Yılmazer, N., Demirci, H., Soluk Tekkesin, M., Ulukaya, E., & Gürel Gürevin, E. (2026). The multifaceted effects of rosmarinic acid on breast cancer, regulating autophagy and increasing apoptosis. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 36(4), pp. 605-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2026.2636924
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/15376516.2026.2636924
dc.identifier.endpage622
dc.identifier.issn1537-6516
dc.identifier.issn1537-6524
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.pmidPMID: 41800930
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105032486106
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage605
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2026.2636924
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1402
dc.identifier.volume36
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001709853400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorErkısa Genel, Merve
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-3127-742X
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis
dc.relation.ispartofToxicology Mechanisms and Methods
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectRosmarinic Acid
dc.subjectBreast Cancer
dc.subjectPaclitaxel
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectAutophagy
dc.titleThe multifaceted effects of rosmarinic acid on breast cancer, regulating autophagy and increasing apoptosis
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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