Patterns of nutritional supplement use in Turkish handball players: Influence of sex and competition level based on the ais classification system

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dc.authorid0009-0005-7771-2254
dc.authorid0000-0001-9022-6043
dc.authorid0000-0001-8102-4896
dc.authorid0000-0002-3644-5066
dc.contributor.authorMor, Ömer
dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesus
dc.contributor.authorBayraktar, Bülent
dc.contributor.authorGünalan, Elif
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-06T14:01:29Z
dc.date.available2025-11-06T14:01:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentFakülteler, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü
dc.departmentEnstitüler, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Programı
dc.description.abstractHandball is a sport that demands explosive movements and unique skills, and its popu larity has been rising in recent years. This study evaluated elite handball players’ nutri tional supplement (NS) use profiles and the differences in sex, competition level, and com petition type based on the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) criteria. The data collection form contains questions about participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, training de tails, use of supplements, and related factors. Supplements were classified into A, B, C, and D classes according to the scientific evidence level of the AIS. The study involved 92 elite handball athletes, comprising 48 professionals and 44 amateurs, and included 37 fe males and 55 males. The most frequently used supplements among participants were magnesium (37.0%) (Group C—AIS), vitamin C (20.7%) (Group B—AIS), whey protein (19.6%), sports bars (19.6%), and vitamin D (19.6%) (Group A—AIS). Regarding sex dif ferences, a significant difference was observed only in Group C supplements, with male players using them more frequently than female players (p < 0.05). Professional athletes exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of supplement use, covering total, Group A, sports foods, performance supplements, and Groups B and C, relative to amateur players (p < 0.05). The results reveal that handball players have limited awareness of NS, empha sizing the need for training and consulting services.
dc.identifier.citationMor, Ö., Sanchez-Oliver, A. J., Bayraktar, B., & Günalan, E. (2025). Patterns of nutritional supplement use in Turkish handball players: Influence of sex and competition level based on the ais classification system. Applied Sciences, 15(20), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011061
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app152011061
dc.identifier.endpage18
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.issue20
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105020238584
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app152011061
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1169
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorMor, Ömer
dc.institutionauthorGünalan, Elif
dc.institutionauthorid0009-0005-7771-2254
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-3644-5066
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI Publishing
dc.relation.ispartofApplied Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectHandball
dc.subjectSex
dc.subjectSport
dc.subjectSupplement
dc.subjectNutrition
dc.subjectAustralian Institute of Sport (AIS)
dc.titlePatterns of nutritional supplement use in Turkish handball players: Influence of sex and competition level based on the ais classification system
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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