The role of exosomal micrornas in cancer metastasis: An in-depth guide

Exosomes and their contents play a vital role in forming a unique communication system that carries and transmits signal molecules, which alter the physiological state of cells and are linked to the on set and progression of numerous diseases including cancers. Focusing on exosomal cargo, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression of target genes, are suggested to be transferred via exosomes in a selective manner that facilitates cancer progres sion and dissemination. In this context and through ongoing cancer research, researchers have currently been focusing on exosomal microRNA as a specific communication message delivered from cancer cells to the other cells that plays a crucial role in the immune response, tumor migration, tumor cell invasion, and development of metastasis In this review, we aim to evaluate the expected role of exosome-derived microRNAs in the development of cancer metastasis and their possible role of molecular markers in metastasis sites by the current literature on cancer research.