Protective roles of gallic acid and lycopene against 4-nonylphenol induced testicular damage in SD rats

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6170-1706
dc.authorid0000-0001-6586-4596
dc.authorid0000-0001-6335-9633
dc.authorid0000-0001-6952-8637
dc.authorid0000-0003-0891-5523
dc.authorid0000-0003-4128-8947
dc.authorid0000-0002-5574-0394
dc.authorid0000-0002-4583-3140
dc.authorid0000-0001-6636-5975
dc.authorid0000-0002-4119-7490
dc.authorid0000-0002-2519-7554
dc.authorid0000-0002-2451-8512
dc.contributor.authorGüleş, Özay
dc.contributor.authorKum, Şadiye
dc.contributor.authorNaseer, Zahid
dc.contributor.authorBoyacıoğlu, Murat
dc.contributor.authorÖzel Armutoğlu, Emine
dc.contributor.authorYıldız, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorKırıkkulak, Murat
dc.contributor.authorDoğan, Göksel
dc.contributor.authorBilici, Esra
dc.contributor.authorTürkmen, Aybike
dc.contributor.authorTuna, Bilginer
dc.contributor.authorEren, Ülker
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-20T08:59:04Z
dc.date.available2026-04-20T08:59:04Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstract4-Nonylphenol (4-NP), an endocrine disruptor, is known to induce mutagenic, toxic, or carcinogenic effects, including testicular toxicity via inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The objective of this work was to determine the capacity of lycopene (LC) and gallic acid (GA) to protect testicular histological structure, biochemical responses, and semen parameters in rats exposed to 4-NP. In this 28-day dietary trial, six groups (n= 6 per group) received treatment via oral gavage: a control (corn oil, 2 mL/kg/day), LC (10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day), GA (50 mg/kg BW/day), 4-NP (125 mg/kg BW/day), LC + 4-NP (LC followed by 4-NP), and GA + 4-NP (GA followed by 4-NP) groups. The results indicated that 4-NP administration adversely affects the final body weight, testicular histology, seminiferous epithelium heights (SEHs) (4-NP: 57.95 ± 0.49, p: 0.000), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, testis antioxidant capacity, testis malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and sperm viability and morphology. LC and GA supplementation significantly improved SEHs, activities of testis superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and sperm viability compared to the 4-NP group. Moreover, LC and GA exposures decreased histopathological lesions, including germinal epithelial degeneration, vacuolization, immature germ cells in the tubular lumen, and congestion in the interstitial area. Furthermore, they lowered TUNEL-positive cell counts and tubule percentages, testicular MDA levels, and abnormal sperm percentages. To our knowledge, this study provides one of the first systematic comparisons of lycopene and gallic acid in protecting against 4-NP-induced testicular toxicity under identical experimental conditions. The findings suggest that both compounds preserve testicular structure and function through their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
dc.identifier.citationGüleş, Ö., Kum, Ş., Naseer, Z., Boyacıoğlu, M., Özel Armutoğlu, E., Yıldız, M., Kırıkkulak, M., Doğan, G., Bilici, E., Türkmen, A., Tuna, B., & Eren, Ü. (2026). Protective roles of gallic acid and lycopene against 4-nonylphenol induced testicular damage in SD rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health, https://doi.org/10.1177/07482337261439550
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/07482337261439550
dc.identifier.issn0748-2337
dc.identifier.issn1477-0393
dc.identifier.pmidPMID: 41947323
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105035317730
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/07482337261439550
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1435
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001734703100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorÖzel Armutoğlu, Emine
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0003-0891-5523
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSAGE Publications
dc.relation.ispartofToxicology and Industrial Health
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject4-Nonylphenol
dc.subjectTUNEL
dc.subjectGallic Acid
dc.subjectHistomorphometry
dc.subjectLycopene
dc.subjectOxidative Stress
dc.titleProtective roles of gallic acid and lycopene against 4-nonylphenol induced testicular damage in SD rats
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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