HIV Infection HIV/AIDS in Türkiye: Current challenges and strategic solutions

Purpose of Review This review aims to present the current status of the HIV epidemic in Türkiye, to identify the barriers to achieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95–95–95 targets, and to propose strategies to overcome these challenges. Recent Findings In Türkiye, HIV-related diagnostic and treatment services are integrated into the general health insurance system, and most contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) are available.Treatment initiation and virological suppression rates that approach international targets. However, challenges remain in early diagnosis and prevention, particularly among key populations. Recent epidemiological data also indicate a marked increase in HIV diagnosesamong women and young people while stigma, discrimination, limited access to testing, and low awareness among both the public and healthcare professionals continue to hinder progress. Summary Controlling the HIV epidemic in Türkiye requires strengthening early diagnosis, ensuring equitable access to ART, expanding prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and implementing multisectoral approaches to reduce stigma and discrimination. Coordinated actions among policymakers, healthcare providers, and community stakeholders will be critical for achieving national and global HIV targets. Highlights ● The number of HIV cases in Türkiye is increasing, with a notable rise among women and young people. ● According to ECDC 2024 data, Türkiye and Poland together reported 70% of all cases in the subregion. ● Reporting on the transmission route is lacking both in Türkiye and Poland. ● Awareness on HIV testing is low among the population and health care professionals. ● Access to HIV testing is limited. ● Access to the newest ART regimens is delayed. ● Among people living with HIV, refugees and irregular migrants are not covered by the national health insurance system.