Ketamine induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells

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dc.authorid0000-0002-5091-413X
dc.authorid0000-0002-1311-6892
dc.authorid0009-0001-1448-2739
dc.authorid0000-0002-4810-6352
dc.authorid0000-0002-6424-7411
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Irmak Fatoş
dc.contributor.authorElgün, Tuğba
dc.contributor.authorAktaş, Çiğdem
dc.contributor.authorGündeğer, Ersin
dc.contributor.authorGök Yurttaş, Asiye
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-22T06:19:52Z
dc.date.available2026-04-22T06:19:52Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü, Biyokimya Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and remains a major health concern due to its high recurrence and mortality rates. Recent studies suggest that anesthetic agents, including ketamine, may have direct effects on cancer cell viability and apoptosis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of ketamine on the HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, focusing on its cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic potential. Material and Methods: HT-29 cells were treated with ketamine for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD staining. Furthermore, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to assess the expression levels of key genes associated with proliferation and apoptosis. GeneQuery™ Human Basal Cell Carcinoma qPCR Array Kit (GQH-BCC-GK015-C) was used for qPCR analysıs. Molecular docking simulations were performed to investigate the potential molecular interactions between ketamine and three target proteins: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and casein kinase 1 delta (CSNK1D). To ensure robustness of predictions, two independent docking methods were employed. Results: Ketamine significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of approximately 1.05 µM. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a marked increase in early apoptosis (23.9%) in treated cells. These findings suggest that ketamine exhibits potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ketamine exhibits potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
dc.identifier.citationKorkmaz, I. F., Elgün, T., Aktaş, Ç., Gündeğer, E., & Gök Yurttaş, A. (2026). Ketamine induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Biomedicines, 14(4), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14040907
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biomedicines14040907
dc.identifier.endpage15
dc.identifier.issn2227-9059
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14040907
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/1442
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.institutionauthorGündeğer, Ersin
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-4810-6352
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI Publishing
dc.relation.ispartofBiomedicines
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectKetamine
dc.subjectColorectal Cancer Cells
dc.subjectCell Viability
dc.subjectCarcinoma
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.titleKetamine induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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