Dietary supplement use of Turkish footballers: differences by sex and competition level

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dc.authorid0000-0002-3644-5066en_US
dc.authorid0000-0002-1540-4505en_US
dc.authorscopusid57205248760en_US
dc.authorscopusid57897415000en_US
dc.authorwosidAAY-3447-2021en_US
dc.authorwosidGVW-4132-2022en_US
dc.contributor.authorGünalan, Elif
dc.contributor.authorYıldırım Çavak, Betül
dc.contributor.authorTurhan, Saadet
dc.contributor.authorKaya Cebioğlu, İrem
dc.contributor.authorDomínguez, Raúl
dc.contributor.authorSánchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesús
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-18T17:13:02Z
dc.date.available2022-09-18T17:13:02Z
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.departmentFakülteler, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractAbstract This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of dietary supplements (DS) and to determine related topics in Turkish football players of different sexes and competition levels. A total of 117 footballers (79 males and 38 females) completed a specific survey regarding DS consumption in athletes. The type of DS ingested was classified based on the level of scientific evidence by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS): group A (high level of scientific evidence), group B (DS that could have a positive effect, but require more evidence), group C (evidence is against their use), and group D (prohibited substances). After a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, a t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was performed for quantitative variables, while Pearson’s chi-square and odds ratio (with the confidence interval) were performed for qualitative variables. Of the sample, 87.2% reported having consumed DS, with a higher consumption rate in males (males: 93.7%, females: 73.7%; p = 0.006; OR = 5.3 [1.7–16.8]) and professional players (professional: 98.2%, non-professional: 77.4%; p < 0.001; OR = 7.9 [1.2–52.3]). Males and professional players consume more sports foods (p < 0.001), performance supplements (p < 0.001), and total group A supplements (p < 0.001) compared to females and non-professionals. In addition, males consume more medical supplements (p = 0.012) and total group C supplements (p < 0.001) than female footballers. The most consumed DS were sports drinks (63.2%), magnesium (52.1%), vitamin C (51.3%), vitamin D (46.2%), caffeine (38.5%), sports bars (37.6%), whey protein (28.2%), meat protein (25.6%), vitamin E (24.8%), and omega-3 fatty acids (24.8%). The supplement consumption was higher in male and professional footballers. According to the AIS classification, there were significant differences in the consumption of sports foods, medical supplements, performance supplements, and the total number of group A and group C supplements according to sex, and there were significant differences in the consumption of sports foods, performance supplements, and the total number of group A supplements according to competition level.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGünalan, E., Çavak, Betül Yıldırım, Turhan, S., Cebioğlu, İrem Kaya, Domínguez, R. & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2022). Dietary Supplement Use of Turkish Footballers: Differences by Sex and Competition Level. Nutrients, 14(18), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183863en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu14183863en_US
dc.identifier.endpage15en_US
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.issue18en_US
dc.identifier.pmidPMID: 36145239en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85138371110en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183863
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13055/271
dc.identifier.volume14en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000856805500001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.indekslendigikaynak.otherSCI-E - Science Citation Index Expandeden_US
dc.institutionauthorGünalan, Elif
dc.institutionauthorYıldırım Çavak, Betül
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofNutrientsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectDieteticen_US
dc.subjectErgogenic aiden_US
dc.subjectNutritionen_US
dc.subjectSport teamen_US
dc.subjectSocceren_US
dc.titleDietary supplement use of Turkish footballers: differences by sex and competition levelen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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